通过全局时间管理减少半球谐振陀螺组合角增量误差的方法

随着对姿态控制精度的日益提高,卫星对惯性单机的输出精度和误差控制的要求也在逐步提升。提出了半球谐振陀螺组合全局时间管理方案,陀螺仪数据生成时标志上的时间戳,可以有效地降低并量化半球谐振陀螺组合输出的角增量与系统控制之间的时延误差,提高上级系统的角速度精度。     

一种被动更新LBTS的HLA时间管理方案

LBTS(Lower Bound Time Stamp)查询是影响时间管理性能的重要因素.为提高高层体系结构(HLA,High Level Architecture)中时间管理的性能,提出了一种减小最小时间戳下限LBTS传递次数的优化方法,将主动查询LBTS变成当LBTS改变时才通知相应的受控成员.应用可靠组播服务,降低了时间管理的通讯代价,将算法应用在具有自主知识产权的AST-RTI(Advanced Simulation Technology-Run Time Infrastructure)中,应用系统证明能有效提高RTI的实时性.最后针对RTI时间管理机制在仿真应用中带来的问题以及解决方法进行了讨论.      

基于模拟场景的接收机授时接口测试方法

介绍了接收机授时接口的工作原理，提出了一种基于模拟工作场景的接收机授时接口新型测试方法，通过设计程控IRIG-B时间码发生器模拟产生异常时码，测试了接收机授时接口的容错性，并以长期授时测试场景用例检验了接收机授时接口工作稳定性，解决了实验室条件下接收机数据时间戳乱序、长期工作中时间戳跳变以及接收机授时信号异常控制等授时接口测试的难题。     

基于优化信任评估的Ad Hoc安全路由协议

针对Ad Hoc网络中自私节点造成的攻击问题,提出了一种基于信任评估的Ad Hoc安全路由协议TEAR。该协议在节点行为信任评估方案的基础上,通过使用链路信任值和路径信任值表示节点和路径的可信度,同时,在链路信任值计算时,引入了基于公共邻居节点的间接信任评估方法和可变时间窗机制,保证了信任值计算的准确性和实效性;协议中每个节点维护一张信任表,并重新定义了路由请求和路由回复消息格式,实现了安全路径的快速选择。使用NS2进行模拟验证,又与AODV以及基于固定时间窗信任评估的安全路由协议TA-AODV进行性能对比。结果表明,改进的信任评估方案具有更好的性能,采用该方案的安全路由协议能较快地发现自私节点,并准确选择安全路径,提高了Ad Hoc网络性能。      

基于协调组的RTI时间管理方法

针对目前运行支撑环境(RTI,Run-Time Infrastructure)时间管理方法中存在的时间推进效率低及网络带宽占用量大的问题,提出基于协调组的RTI时间管理方法并将其应用于BH RTI 2.3时间管理服务.将仿真系统中节点划分为不同的协调组并设置协调者,通过分组局部协调逐步达到全局的时间同步.实验结果表明,该方法在仿真节点时间推进速度及网络带宽占用量方面优于同等条件下的其他RTI时间管理方法.      

航天用时间触发网络系统同步性的故障分析

确定性网络的同步性在航天电子系统中至关重要。为保证确定性网络在发生故障的情况下也能正常的进行时间同步,本文采用spaceVPX标准中典型的双星拓扑交换结构配置基于时间触发以太网协议的可容错系统。针对此架构,使用以太网的航天系统中发生故障的单容错结构进行了仿真,模拟了几种时间同步协议控制帧异常的情况：协议控制帧包括冷启动帧、冷启动应答帧、集成帧从故障交换机的端口发送到网络中的一个终端系统后对于时间触发网络的同步网络所产生的影响。仿真结果表明,故障交换机会逐渐延长处于正常工作的终端系统的启动时间,进而不利于整个确定网络系统的同步过程,但是如果设置不同协议控制帧的周期超过一定的数值后,单点故障不会影响双冗余系统的启动时间。     

基于时戳的口令鉴别方案的改进

对Yang和Shieh提出的一种基于时戳的口令鉴别的方案进行了安全性分析,指出其方案存在初始化阶段需要把用户口令交给KIC(Key Information Center)和用户不能验证KIC身份的缺点。在此基础上提出的新方案对注册、登录、验证和口令修改过程都做了改造,用户在注册阶段提交基于口令的单向运算值而不是口令本身,并且用户和KIC之间共享秘密信息,从而成功克服了原有方案的缺陷。用户提交口令单向运算值在验证效果上和提交口令本身是相同的,而且避免了口令泄露;用户和KIC之间共享的秘密信息可以使用户验证KIC的身份。新方案可以有效抵抗伪造攻击,即使服务器被攻破或内部人泄露信息也不会造成用户私人信息的泄露,具有比原方案更高的安全性。      

空间多模冗余热备份嵌入式电子系统精确同步算法研究

为了使空间嵌入式电子系统冗余的热备份多模之间获得精确时间同步,基于IEEE1588协议,在空间多模冗余热备份嵌入式电子系统的全交织网络基础上,采用FPGA/ASIC技术,结合软件和硬件同步提出了一种精确时间同步算法.该算法既有硬件同步的精度优势,又具有软件同步的成本优势和容错能力,并且时间同步精度可达到百纳秒量级,经过系统仿真验证了此算法的有效性.     

一种光纤通道轻量IP上层协议

在光纤通道网络平台上选用一种可用于性能测试的上层协议是网络测试手段的关键.IP上层协议技术已经十分成熟,在IP上层协议的基础上提出了一种光纤通道轻量IP上层协议,详细地规定了轻量IP上层协议的通信模式和数据格式。利用光纤通道接口设备IP驱动程序,通过中间层驱动插入的方法实现了光纤通道轻量IP上层协议的数据通信,并通过FC分析仪检测到实现结果符合设计的要求.最后分析了轻量IP上层协议短消息传输效率高、通信模式灵活简便、节点标识易于实现的优点,所以轻量IP上层协议适用于光纤通道网络性能的测试.      

Java程序度量工具的实现及案例分析

介绍了面向对象度量技术,给出针对Java语言的McCabe,Halstead和WMC复杂度的定义,提出了一种新的面向Java语言的度量工具的实现方法,并且通过实例分析说明利用该工具度量Java程序,某些度量值高的模块逻辑复杂、工作量大、易错且难维护,从而引导测试人员重点测试这些模块,同时也使开发人员关注它们,仔细检查程序逻辑,进行合理优化,使整个程序的复杂度降低.确凿实验数据表明,软件度量对改进软件质量具有很大实用价值.本工具采用以下度量标准度量Java程序:针对继承复杂性的DIT(Depth of Inheritance Tree)和NOC(Number Of Children)复杂度;针对模块复杂性的McCabe度量法、Halstead软件科学度量和WMC(Weighted Methods per Class)复杂度;针对类间耦合性、聚集性的RFC(Response for a Class)度量法.每种复杂度从不同方面、不同层次度量Java程序,从而有效全面的评价软件质量,揭示可能隐藏的错误.     

反舰导弹平面机动突防策略的优化设计

研究了遗传算法在反舰导弹综合突防策略的优化设计方面的应用.反舰导弹的综合突防包括若干个相互承接的环节,首先将反舰导弹的综合突防概率优化问题分解为各个环节突防的条件概率的优化问题,复杂事件得到简化.反舰导弹为了提高突防概率必须做机动,每个环节对应的机动参数取值在一定范围内变化,每个环节的突防概率受到对应的这组参数的影响.选用遗传算法对突防参数进行优化设计.用遗传算法对反舰导弹各个突防环节进行优化设计,找出使每个突防环节突防概率最大的一组参数,进而得到综合突防最优机动参数组合,使反舰导弹的综合突防概率最大.     

A study of forest vegetation dynamics in the south of the Krasnoyarskii Krai in spring

Remote sensing applications have greatly enhanced ability to monitor and manage in the areas of forestry. Accurate measurements of regional and global scale vegetation dynamics (phenology) are required to improve models and understanding of inter-annual variability in terrestrial ecosystem carbon exchange and climate–biosphere interactions. Study of vegetation phenology is required for understanding of variability in ecosystem. In this paper, monitoring of vegetation dynamics using time series of satellite data is presented. Vegetation variability (vegetation rate) in different topoclimatic areas is investigated. Original software using IDL interactive language for processing of satellite long-term data series was developed. To investigate growth dynamics vegetation rate inferred from remote sensing was used. All estimations based on annual time series of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery. Vegetation rate for Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated using MODIS data. The time series covers spring seasons of each of 9 years, from 2000 to 2008. Comparison of EVI and NDVI derived growth rates has shown that NDVI derived rates reveal spatial structure better. Using long-term data of vegetation rates variance was estimated that helps to reveal areas with anomalous growth rate. Such estimation shows sensitivity degree of different areas to different topoclimatic conditions. Woods of heights depend on spatial topoclimatic variability unlike woods of lowlands. Principal components analysis shows vegetation with different rate conditions. Also it reveals vegetation of same type in areas with different conditions. It was demonstrated that using of methods for estimating the dynamic state of vegetation based on remote sensing data enables successful monitoring of vegetation phenology.     

The use of an electric field in increasing the resistance of plants to the action of unfavorable space flight factors.

The key role in increasing the resistance of plants to unfavorable space flight factors is assigned to biomembranes of root cells. It is these biomembranes in which numerous biochemical and biophysical processes determining the adaptive capacity of plant organisms occur. In the initial period of exposure to unfavorable space flight factors the adaptation reactions of the plant organism undoubtedly increase its resistance. But the intensification of removal of H+ ions through the plasmalemma with an increase of the external influence sharply raises the quantity of cations leaving the cell, which leads to the accumulation of a considerable quantity of intracellular negative charges. These charges together with negative charges built in the membrane force protons to concentrate on the external surface of the membrane. Since protons have a very strong electric field, they form such a charge of which the electric field is about from several to hundreds of V/cm. The concentration of positive charges of protons entails the formation of a double electric field which extremely impedes the diffusion of other ions. Thus, a proton barrier is formed. Its length can be very considerable due to which the whole process of transmembrane energy and mass-transfer is disturbed. The proton barrier is easily destroyed by a weak electric field created in the root zone. In experiments on electrostimulation of different plants under space flight conditions at the orbital station MIR the absorption of nutrient elements by the root system increased to the optimal level, the ratio of physiologically active substances in the rhizosphere was normalized, the content of chlorophyll, carotin, and ascorbic acid in leaves corresponded to the ground-based control. Understanding of the mechanism of formation of a proton barrier on the plasmalemma of root cells as a result of the response of plants to the negative action of external factors (microgravity) is of great importance. It allows the possibility of life support of the vegetable kingdom in extreme conditions to be estimated in a new way.     

气泡雾化喷嘴的试验研究

进行了组不同结构形式的气泡雾化喷嘴的试验研究，初步试验结果表明：这种新型喷嘴对液体介质粘度不敏感，在小气液比条件下获得了很好的雾化效果，雾化性能明显优于从国外引进的某些空气雾化喷嘴，该成果已于１９９３年２月７日被授予中华人民共和国实用型专利。     

Superclustering and the large-scale structure of the universe

The spatial distribution of a complete redshift sample of nearby rich clusters of galaxies is studied. Strong superclustering, extending to very large scales (100h⁻¹Mpc), is observed in the cluster distribution. In particular, we determined and discuss below the following studies:I. The spatial correlation function of rich clusters of galaxies.II. The construction of a complete catalog of superclusters and a study of their growth (percolation).III. The finding of large-scale superclusters surrounding the giant galaxy void in Bootes.IV. The finding of a 300 Mpc void of rich clusters of galaxies.All the above studies provide evidence for the existence of large-scale structure in the universe, and reveal some of its characteristics. These findings are of importance to models of the formation of galaxies and structure in the universe.     

On the evolution of dust in the solar vicinity.

The analysis of interplanetary dust shows that the majority of particles in out-of-ecliptic regions comes from comets and also that near solar dust, in the ecliptic regions, results most probably largely from comets. The intense radiation flux in the solar vicinity is expected to cause strong modifications in the material composition and surface structure of interplanetary dust particles and hence the analysis of near solar dust provides interesting insights into the evolution of meteoritic, especially cometary materials. Because of the lack of in-situ measurements our present knowledge concerning these processes derives from remote sensing, i.e. observations of the solar F-corona. In particular these are observations of albedo, polarization and colour temperature given in terms of average particle properties. For example the analysis of near infra-red F-corona data points to the existence of a strong component of irregularly structured silicate particles, most probably of cometary origin. The data may indicate a subsequent sublimation of different particles or different constituents of the particles. Here we compare particle properties derived from F-corona observations with model calculations of single particle properties and discuss perspectives of future analysis of cometary dust in the interplanetary cloud.     

Tissue as a self-organizing system with fractal dynamics.

Cell is a supramolecular dynamic network. Screening of tissue-specific cDNA library and results of Relative RT-PCR indicate that the relationship between genotype, (i.e., dynamic network of genes and their protein regulatory elements) and phenotype is non-bijective, and mendelian inheritance is a special case only. This implies non-linearity, complexity, and quasi-determinism, (i.e., co-existence of deterministic and non-deterministic events) of dynamic cellular network; prerequisite conditions for the existence of fractal structure. Indeed, the box counting method reveals that morphological patterns of the higher order, such as gland-like structures or populations of differentiating cancer cells possess fractal dimension and self-similarity. Since fractal space is not filled out randomly, a variety of morphological patterns of functional states arises. The expansion coefficient characterizes evolution of fractal dynamics. The coefficient indicates what kind of interactions occurs between cells, and how far from the limiting integer dimension of the Euclidean space the expanding population of cells is. We conclude that cellular phenomena occur in the fractal space; aggregation of cells is a supracollective phenomenon (expansion coefficient > 0), and differentiation is a collective one (expansion coefficient < 0). Fractal dimension or self-similarity are lost during tumor progression. The existence of fractal structure in a complex tissue system denotes that dynamic cellular phenomena generate an attractor with the appropriate organization of space-time. And vice versa, this attractor sets up physical limits for cellular phenomena during their interactions with various fields. This relationship can help to understand the emergence of extraterrestial forms of life. Although those forms can be composed of non-carbon molecules, fractal structure appears to be the common feature of all interactive biosystems.     

载人运输飞船流体回路方案研究

流体回路是载人运输飞船热控分系统的重要组成部分,结合飞船所采取的其他热控措施,流体回路必须满足各种可能出现的热工况要求,同时尽量少占用飞船的资源。在进行分析和比较的基础上,确定流体回路的方案和系统配置,结合对接目标的热设计,重点解决与目标停靠期间的热控问题。文中介绍了载人运输飞船流体回路的主要设计要求及考虑重点,在能量平衡分析的基础上设计了两种流体回路方案,并进行了热分析计算和性能比较,对流体工质的选择也提出了建议。     

Dust hazard near Halley Comet in case of the VEGA project

The motion of dust particles near Halley Comet is studied and the probability of dust impacts with the spacecraft in case of the VEGA (Venus-Halley)- project is determined. The formation of a crater due to a particle impact with the dust shield is considered and the necessity for using a dual-sheet bumper shield is substantiated. The thickness of a front sheet that plays a role of the particle evaporator is estimated theoretically. The numerical experiment is carried out that simulates the dynamics of collision and evaporation of a particle. Three factors causing perforations of the rear sheet are discussed, i.e. dust penetrated through holes in the front sheet, gas jets and spall fragments of the front-sheet. The consideration of these factors makes it possible to estimate basic parameters of the dual-sheet bumper shield. Flexural vibrations of the front sheet under action of the reverse gaseous jet from the rear sheet are discussed that can affect essentially the shield strength. The perturbing effect of the dust and gas fluxes on the spacecraft is studied.