基于熵产理论设计方法的多目标翼型优化

将熵产理论引入翼型的多目标气动优化设计,通过理论推导湍流流场熵产率计算公式,进而阐述熵分析方法在翼型气动优化中的作用。通过CST参数化方法对翼型进行参数化建模,并将多目标优化算法与CFD计算耦合起来,计算翼型升阻比和流场熵产率,建立一种以最大升阻比和最小熵产率为目标的翼型优化方法,进而得到优化翼型的Pareto解,并与传统翼型优化方法进行对比。与初始种群相比,优化翼型具有更优的气动性能,在升阻比提高的条件下,流场熵产率减少,能量效率提高。采用多目标遗传算法得到的非支配解集分布均匀,质量较高,设计者可以根据设计需要选择具有相对低熵产的一组翼型来改善空气动力性能。结果分析表明,本文所建方法具有较强的全局收敛性,具有一定的工程应用前景。     

外边界位置对数值计算翼型绕流的影响

用数值方法计算翼型绕流时,外边界位置一般只取在距翼型有限的距离。本文用不可压位流理论找出该问题的精确解,从而得到外边界位置对计算的升力、阻力和表面压力分布的影响。     

跨音速翼型激波的被动控制(英文)

本文提出了在超临界流中减弱翼型激渡的方法。通过数值求解定常跨音速流的无粘、小扰动方程,根据实心翼型或多孔翼型的边界条件,获得了相应的压力分布。比较这两种情况下的压力分布后可以看到,在相当大的M数范围内,多孔冀型出现向后缘逐渐再压缩,未出现强激波。这与人们熟知的超临界翼型的最优化只有在非常接近设计M数和迎角时才是有效的这一事实相反。给定M数和迎角时,可利用计算的多孔翼型的压力分布,来产生外形类似于超临界翼型的实心翼型的压力分布。     

基于展向参数主动控制的机翼外形设计方法

传统的机翼外形设计方法包括平面形状设计和关键剖面翼型控制,但有限的机翼剖面翼型无法完全控制机翼参数沿展向的完整分布。以主动控制机翼参数沿展向分布规律为出发点,基于 CATA 中创成式曲面设计模块,提出了一种新的机翼外形设计方法。在所展示的建模实例中,实现了对机翼弦长、几何扭转角、翼型厚度等参数沿展向分布规律的主动控制。建模结果显示,与传统的机翼外形设计方法相比,获得了理论弦曲面和理论前后缘曲线,而非理论弦平面和理论前后缘直线,同时得到前后缘线以外的其余"条展向引导线。该方法可以很容易地推广到对后掠角、最大厚度、最大弯度等参数沿展向分布的主动控制,具有工程应用价值。     

简化的积冰热力学模型及其应用

依据飞行器表面液态水凝结过程的热力学理论分析,提出了一种适用于不同环境温度的翼型结冰数值模拟方法.采用中心型有限体积方法求解N-S方程来获得翼型的绕流流场,结合给出的结冰数值模拟方法对两种典型温度下的翼型积冰情况进行了模拟.模拟所得的积冰冰形与文献中的实验数据吻合良好,表明该方法的可行性,并进一步给出了翼型表面的冻结系数分布.     

基于压力分布的开孔翼型气动特性数值模拟研究

以NACA0012为基准翼型,生成C型结构网格,采用SA湍流模型求解NS方程,获得基准翼型压力分布数值模拟结果。找出翼型上表面前缘低压区域和后缘高压区域,在两个区域进行开孔,让后缘高压区域气流通过导流管引流到前缘区域,加速翼型上表面气流流动,增大翼型速度环量。通过基准翼型与开孔翼型气动特性对比分析可知:小迎角下,基于压力分布的开孔翼型阻力系数略有增大,但能有效提高翼型的升力系数。     

改进型Gappy POD翼型反设计方法

 为了提高基本Gappy本征正交分解(POD)翼型反设计方法的精度,在原始方法快照采样过程中,调整参数化方法,并用已产生翼型中压力分布最接近目标压力分布的翼型替换基础扰动翼型,形成最优快照替换采样法。在迭代求解阶段,根据迭代产生的压力分布与迭代产生的翼型实际压力分布之间的误差,引入校正快照,并据此调整目标压力分布,形成校正迭代法。实际算例表明,最优快照替换采样法所采集快照张成的空间较原始采样法更接近设计目标。而校正迭代法较原始迭代法能明显提高反设计精度。但最佳模态数量的选择对于Gappy POD翼型反设计方法仍然是一个难点。     

基于全速势方程的超临界翼型设计

基于全速势方程,完成了超临界翼型设计。首先分析了最优化设计和反设计两种常用的翼型设计方法的特点。综合考虑两种方法的利弊,选用最优化设计法。结果显示,设计理论和实施方法完全适合现代翼型设计,设计结果可以满足设计指标要求,诸如巡航状态下的升力系数、阻力系数、升阻比、攻角、翼型最大厚度及厚度位置、巡航效率、压力分布形态、激波强度等等。     

翼型实用阻力测量方法的探讨

为确保二元翼型实验的精确度，一般都用测压的方法测量翼型的气动特性，即测量翼型表面的压力分布以确定翼型的升力和力矩特性，测量尾迹区的总压分布确定翼型的阻力特性。本文就如何处理尾迹区的测压数据来确保阻力测量的精确度及如何测出大迎角的阻力特性进行了一些探讨。     

椭圆形控制环量翼型气动力的计算

本文用边界层理论与计及分离尾迹影响的位流理论相结合的方法计算控制环量翼型的绕流,用离散涡模型模拟分离尾迹的影响。由上、下翼面分离点处引入离散涡。只是翼型附近尾迹中的离散涡可以自由移动。离翼型较远的离散涡假设为按来流速度移动。忽略射流出口上游的边界层对射流的影响。这些简化使本文的方法十分有效。与实验比较表明,本文的方法能较准确地计算出翼型的分离点位置和分离点前的压强分布。计算出的升力系数与射流动量系数的关系与实验相符很好。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.