基于终端滑模和神经网络的多目标姿态跟踪鲁棒控制#br#

研究了航天器编队飞行多目标姿态跟踪的鲁棒控制问题.主航天器由中心刚体和一个快速机动天线组成,星载相机跟踪某一特定目标,同时天线与从航天器保持通信.在考虑模型不确定性和外部干扰情况下,基于非奇异终端滑模技术和RBF神经网络,设计了多目标姿态跟踪鲁棒控制器.鲁棒控制器由RBF神经网络和一个自适应控制器组成.自适应控制器用于抵消神经网络的逼近误差和实现期望的控制性能.RBF神经网络用于逼近模型不确定部分与外部干扰力矩,并且根据非奇异终端滑模的有限时间收敛属性,提出了一种RBF网络的在线学习算法,提高了RBF网络的逼近效率.应用Lyapunov稳定性理论,证明了闭环系统稳定性.数值仿真结果表明所设计的控制器对外部干扰与模型不确定具有良好的鲁棒性.     

基于终端滑模和神经网络的多目标姿态跟踪鲁棒控制

研究了航天器编队飞行多目标姿态跟踪的鲁棒控制问题.主航天器由中心刚体和一个快速机动天线组成,星载相机跟踪某一特定目标,同时天线与从航天器保持通信.在考虑模型不确定性和外部干扰情况下,基于非奇异终端滑模技术和RBF神经网络,设计了多目标姿态跟踪鲁棒控制器.鲁棒控制器由RBF神经网络和一个自适应控制器组成.自适应控制器用于抵消神经网络的逼近误差和实现期望的控制性能. RBF神经网络用于逼近模型不确定部分与外部干扰力矩,并且根据非奇异终端滑模的有限时间收敛属性,提出了一种RBF网络的在线学习算法,提高了RBF网络的逼近效率.应用Lyapunov稳定性理论,证明了闭环系统稳定性.数值仿真结果表明所设计的控制器对外部干扰与模型不确定具有良好的鲁棒性.     

基于模糊神经网络干扰观测器的组合体航天器姿态控制

针对非合作目标存在对抗性力矩输出情况下的组合体航天器姿态控制系统,提出了一种基于模糊神经网络干扰观测器(Fuzzy Neural Network Disturbance Observer, FNNDO)的非奇异终端滑模(Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode, NTSM)有限时间控制策略。首先以服务航天器为基准,建立组合体航天器姿态数学模型,然后针对包含惯量不确定性、目标对抗性力矩等的等效干扰力矩,设计了一种具有自适应能力的FNNDO,可以实现对等效干扰的有效跟踪。在FNNDO的基础上,设计NTSM控制器,利用Lyapunov理论证明闭环系统的有限时间稳定性。最后,仿真实验结果表明了控制策略的有效性和观测器在观测性能上的优越性。     

航天器的有限时间时变滑模姿态控制方法设计

本文研究具有参数不确定性和外部扰动的航天器姿态控制问题.针对修正罗德里格参数表征的航天器姿态模型提出一种有限时间时变滑模函数,在此基础上设计一种有限时间收敛的滑模姿态控制方法,并证明其稳定性,给出控制参数的设计方法.该方法在保证系统渐近稳定的前提下,不仅能够实现姿态跟踪误差在有限时间内收敛,而且能够实现姿态跟踪误差在设定的时间收敛,且全局具有滑模动态确定的系统响应.通过仿真结果验证本文提出方法的有效性.     

挠性卫星姿态的有限时间终端滑模稳定控制

针对挠性航天器的姿态稳定控制问题,提出了一种基于双幂次趋近律的终端滑模有限时间控制方法,该方法考虑了卫星运行过程中受到的环境干扰和刚柔耦合问题.首先,采用非线性干扰观测器和超螺旋观测器分别估计了外干扰力矩和星上传感器无法敏感的角加速度信息.其次,采用双幂次趋近律,设计了一种终端滑模控制器,并基于Lyapunov方法证明了系统的全局稳定性.仿真结果表明,所提方法在有效抑制挠性附件结构振动响应的同时,快速、高效的实现了卫星姿态的有限时间稳定控制.     

多体航天器姿态机动的终端滑模复合控制方法研究

研究了带有多种运动附件的航天器姿态复合控制问题.选取典型的两刚体对象建立了完整的动力学模型,简要分析了本体与附件的耦合关系.针对标称本体动力学方程,设计了有限时间干扰观测器估计附件对本体的耦合扰动以及外部环境干扰,在终端滑模控制器中进行主动补偿,利用扩展的Lyapunov稳定性定理证明了本体控制系统的有限时间收敛性;为减小本体机动对附件指向的影响,在附件控制器中引入对本体角加速度的补偿.仿真结果表明,所设计的复合控制系统能够较好地估计并且补偿系统的总干扰,具有较高的控制精度和较快的系统响应.     

多体航天器姿态机动的终端滑模复合控制方法研究

研究了带有多种运动附件的航天器姿态复合控制问题.选取典型的两刚体对象建立了完整的动力学模型,简要分析了本体与附件的耦合关系.针对标称本体动力学方程,设计了有限时间干扰观测器估计附件对本体的耦合扰动以及外部环境干扰,在终端滑模控制器中进行主动补偿,利用扩展的Lyapunov稳定性定理证明了本体控制系统的有限时间收敛性;为减小本体机动对附件指向的影响,在附件控制器中引入对本体角加速度的补偿.仿真结果表明,所设计的复合控制系统能够较好地估计并且补偿系统的总干扰,具有较高的控制精度和较快的系统响应.     

航天器相对姿态跟踪的非线性前馈控制

针对航天器相对姿态跟踪过程中严重的非线性及控制器设计的复杂性,建立了基于修正罗德里格斯参数的航天器相对姿态运动学和动力学方程并根据Lyapunov直接法设计了非线性前馈控制律.设计的控制律不仅保证闭环系统稳定,还使得航天器相对姿态跟踪误差快速收敛到零点邻域内.通过在Matlab/Simulink环境下对航天器相对姿态跟踪进行数值仿真,验证了建立模型和设计控制律的有效性.     

自主飞艇姿态跟踪的终端滑模控制

针对自主飞艇姿态运动的非线性、耦合和不确定等特点,研究了一种终端滑模姿态控制方法。首先推导了飞艇姿态运动的数学模型,通过选取状态向量和控制向量,将其描述为非线性控制系统。然后基于微分几何理论将非线性姿态控制系统输入输出线性化为3个通道的线性子系统,利用滑模控制对模型不确定和外界扰动的不变性设计了姿态控制律,通过选取终端滑模函数使得姿态跟踪误差在有限时间内收敛至零,并应用Lyapunov理论证明了闭环系统的稳定性。最后对具有模型不确定的姿态控制系统进行了数值仿真,验证了控制方法的有效性和鲁棒性。     

基于区间二型模糊终端滑模控制的飞行器姿态控制

针对四旋翼飞行器姿态控制问题,提出区间二型模糊控制与非奇异终端滑模控制结合的算法.首先,采用非奇异终端滑模控制方法,根据滑模控制的强鲁棒性及快速响应特性,令四旋翼飞行器系统实现在有限时间内收敛并对外界干扰具有较强抵抗力;同时,采用区间二型模糊控制,将滑模面作为模糊控制的输入,趋近律作为模糊控制的输出,实现对滑模面增益的动态调节,增强对外界随机扰动的适应能力并提高系统收敛速度、削弱抖振.基于Lyapunov函数证明系统的稳定性.仿真结果显示,本文设计的控制器具有更加平稳的输出,同时对四旋翼姿态角度的跟踪更加迅速、精确.     

采用变速控制力矩陀螺的航天器姿态跟踪研究

研究了以变速控制力矩陀螺(VSCMG)作为执行机构的航天器姿态跟踪问题.建立了以VSCMG为执行机构的航天器姿态动力学模型, 引入一阶稳定的线性角速度滤波方程, 同时, 根据Lyapunov稳定性定理, 设计了闭环系统的控制律. 利用加权的最小范数解得到VSCMG的姿态控制输入矢量. 提出了表征VSCMG构型的新奇异度量, 在其基础上利用梯度法构建了VSCMG的零运动, 以回避VSCMG的构型奇异, 并使转子转速趋于期望值. 以四陀螺金字塔构型为例进行仿真,仿真结果验证了该算法的可行性和有效性.      

Guaranteed performance based adaptive attitude tracking of spacecraft with control constraints

The guaranteed performance control problem of spacecraft attitude tracking with control constraint, disturbance and time-varying inertia parameters is investigated. A new saturation function is designed to satisfy different magnitude constraints by introducing a piecewise smooth asymmetric Gauss error function. Based on the mean-value theorem, the constrained problem is transformed into an unconstrained control design subject to an unknown bounded coefficient matrix. To satisfy the constraints by performance functions, a tracking error constrained control is developed based on a hyperbolic arc-tangent asymmetric barrier Lyapunov function (BLF). In the backstepping framework, an adaptive robust control law is proposed by employing a smooth robust term simultaneously counteracting the parametric and non-parametric uncertainties, where the unknown coefficient matrix resulting from the control constraint is compensated by a Nussbaum function matrix. Rigorous stability analysis indicates that the proposed control law realizes the asymptotically tracking of spacecraft attitude and that the tracking error remains in a prescribed set which implies the achievement of the guaranteed transient performance. Numerical simulations validate the proposed theoretical results.     

Hardware-In-the-Loop Simulations of spacecraft attitude synchronization using the State-Dependent Riccati Equation technique

A nonlinear control technique pertaining to attitude synchronization problems is presented for formation flying spacecraft by utilizing the State-Dependent Riccati Equation (SDRE) technique. An attitude controller consisting of relative control and absolute control is designed using a reaction wheel assembly for regulator and tracking problems. To achieve effective relative control, the selective state-dependent connectivity is also adopted. The global asymptotic stability of the controller is confirmed using the Lyapunov theorem and is verified by Monte-Carlo simulations. An air-bearing-based Hardware-In-the-Loop Simulator (HILS) is also developed to validate the proposed control laws in real-time environments. The SDRE controller is discretized for implementation of a real-time processor in the HILS. The pointing errors are about 0.2° in the numerical simulations and about 1° in the HILS simulations, and experimental simulations confirm the effectiveness of the control algorithm for attitude synchronization in a spacecraft formation flying mission. Consequently, experiments using the HILS in a real-time environment can appropriately perform spacecraft attitude synchronization algorithms for formation flying spacecraft.     

Space-based line-of-sight tracking control of GEO target using nonsingular terminal sliding mode

This paper addresses the issue of high-precision line-of-sight (LOS) tracking of geosynchronous earth orbit target in highly dynamic conditions via spacecraft attitude maneuver. First, characteristics of the LOS motion are analyzed by a simplified linear relative motion model. Second, after transforming the quaternion-based attitude model into a double integrator system, a new nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller is proposed for spacecraft attitude tracking in a nominal case without parametric uncertainties and external disturbances. Third, an adaptive new nonsingular terminal mode controller is proposed for spacecraft attitude tracking in an uncertain case, which is done via constructing a pair of adaptive laws to estimate the parametric uncertainties and external disturbances online. The robust stability and finite time convergence property of the closed-loop system are demonstrated by Lyapunov theorem. Under control of the proposed controller, zero steady state error tracking of LOS with a smooth transition phase can be achieved in scheduled time, regardless of parametric uncertainties and external disturbances online. Finally, detailed numerical simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed controllers. Contrasting simulation results shows that proposed controllers can track the desired trajectories effectively and have better performance against the controllers based on linear sliding mode and the existing fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode.     

Adaptive sliding mode control of spacecraft attitude-orbit dynamics on SE(3)

In this paper, to solve the problem of parameters uncertainty in spacecraft tracking control, an adaptive controller based on sliding mode is proposed for the relative spacecraft attitude-orbit dynamics on the Lie group SE(3). The dynamic equations of relative attitude orbit error for two spacecraft are established in the framework of Lie group SE(3). Considering the uncertainty of spacecraft parameters, a formal decomposition of known and unknown parameters, the state variables and control variables is firstly made in the original system. An online estimator is designed to evaluate the unknown parameters. A sliding mode controller is developed to actuate the spacecraft to track the target spacecraft. Then a Lyapunov function of tracking error and parameters estimated error is designed to prove the stability of the closed-loop system. Finally, the simulation results and analysis are presented to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.     

Constrained adaptive fault-tolerant attitude tracking control of rigid spacecraft

A saturated fault-tolerant attitude tracking controller for disturbed rigid spacecraft is derived using nonlinear state feedback control method. The proposed controller achieves the constraints of control inputs by directly using the bounded function instead of the traditional saturation compensator technique, and the active tolerance to the partial loss of actuator effectiveness is also achieved by directly using the known bounds of the actuator faults in the controller. Specifically, compared with the traditional saturated control methods, a continuously bounded nonlinear function in the proposed controller is used to guarantee that the actuator outputs are smoothly bounded under the prescribed constraints. Based on some properties of the attitude tracking dynamics, the proposed controller can ensure the attitude tracking errors converge to small neighborhoods of zero via stability analysis in the Lyapunov framework. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the control scheme.     

基于误差空间的航天器姿态反步容错控制

提出了一种基于误差空间的航天器姿态反步容错控制方法,以反作用飞轮作为航天器的执行器,在考虑反作用飞轮存在安装偏差及故障的情况下,仍可保证航天器姿态的稳定性。首先,基于Lyapunov稳定性原理,根据系统机械能变化构造了具有普遍性的Lyapunov方程。通过反步递推方法,得到了适用于航天器存在执行器偏差及故障情况的普遍性的容错控制方法;然后,通过误差空间拓扑所得的误差函数描述了势能误差。从几何层面上看,这是描述势能误差的最短路径选择,从而得到了基于误差空间的反步容错控制方法。因此,在对航天器进行姿态控制时,该方法可以迅速调整增益,使得系统姿态误差迅速收敛至零,从而有效减少系统响应时间;最终,通过对考虑执行器偏差及故障情况的航天器姿态控制系统使用不同的控制方法进行数值仿真,验证了该方法能够在执行器故障情况下依然保持系统姿态的稳定,且具备良好的响应速度。     

刚体航天器大角度姿态机动控制算法

针对刚体航天器在参数不确定及环境扰动情况下的大角度姿态机动问题,提出一种自适应离散变结构姿态控制算法.建立包含航天器姿态运动学及动力学的仿射模型,并精确反馈线性化解耦;对得到的各线性动态方程离散化处理,由离散指数趋近律推导了参数化的离散变结构姿态控制律.最后基于Lyapunov稳定性理论设计了控制参数的自适应更新律,有效克服了模型中的各时变项及干扰项影响.仿真结果表明,该算法可有效减小干扰引起的姿态指令角跟踪偏差,确保了大角度姿态机动控制的精确性与鲁棒性,并且消除了常规变结构控制的抖振现象.