传感器位置误差条件下的约束总体最小二乘时差定位算法

 现代定位系统中,传感器往往被安放在运动平台上,其位置无法精确得知,存在估计误差,将严重影响对目标的定位精度。针对这一问题,提出基于约束总体最小二乘(CTLS)的到达时差(TDOA)定位算法。首先通过引入中间变量,将非线性TDOA定位方程转化为伪线性方程,再利用CTLS技术,全面考虑伪线性方程所有系数中的噪声。在此基础上推导了定位方程的目标函数,再根据牛顿迭代方法,进行数值迭代,快速得到精确解。采用一阶小噪声扰动分析方法,对该算法的理论性能进行了分析,证明了算法的无偏性和逼近克拉美-罗下限(CRLB)。仿真实验表明,该算法克服了现有总体最小二乘(TLS)算法不能达到CRLB、两步加权最小二乘(two-step WLS)算法在较高噪声时性能发散的缺陷,在较高噪声时定位精度仍然能达到CRLB。     

Covariance control for multisensor systems

As the profusion of different sensors improves the capabilities of tracking platforms, tracking objectives can move from simply trying to achieve the most with a limited sensor suite to developing the ability to achieve more specific tracking goals, such as reducing the uncertainty in a target estimate enough to accurately fire a weapon at a target or to ensure that a mobile robot does not collide with an obstacle. Multisensor manager systems that balance tracking performance with system resources have traditionally been ill-suited for achieving such specific control objectives. This work extends the methods developed in single-sensor management schemes to a multisensor application using an approach known as covariance control, which selects sensor combinations based on the difference between the desired covariance matrix and that of the predicted covariance of each target.     

面向雷达天线平台的容错纠错策略及其FPGA实现

 针对雷达天线平台可能出现的传感器故障,提出了一种容错纠错策略。如果雷达天线平台周围的3条驱动腿中的某一个传感器发生故障,则可根据空间闭链机构约束,由其他正常工作驱动腿的传感器和中间从动腿的冗余传感器的测量值计算出故障传感器的应测值。推导了对应的位移传感器故障的容错重构算法,研究了基于现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）的上述容错策略的硬件实现方法。通过引入坐标旋转数字计算（CORDIC）算法使得FPGA运算中只需进行基本的移位和加/减操作;设计了基于FPGA的循环高速流水线处理器结构,使得重构算法的在线计算速度大大提高。仿真模拟了突变型传感器故障,结果表明,所提容错纠错方案能有效地保证雷达天线平台运行的安全性和可靠性。     

永磁同步电机霍尔位置传感器自标定算法研究

为提高采用霍尔位置传感器的永磁同步电机控制效率,解决标定精度低的问题,提出了两种自标定算法。对提出的霍尔位置传感器自标定算法进行了建模仿真和算法编程验证,将标定后的霍尔传感器得到的转子位置与通过旋转变压器测得结果对比,验证两种自标定算法的准确性。结果表明,所提的霍尔位置传感器位置自标定方法既可以提高标定效率,也可提高获取转子位置的准确度,为实现电机的精准高效控制提供保障。     

Multisensor covariance control strategies for reducing bias effects in interacting target scenarios

Algorithms are presented for managing sensor information to reduce the effects of bias when tracking interacting targets. When targets are close enough together that their measurement validation gates overlap, the measurement from one target can be confused with another. Data association algorithms such as the joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) algorithm can effectively continue to track targets under these conditions, but the target estimates may become biased. A modification of the covariance control approach for sensor management can reduce this effect. Sensors are chosen based on their ability to reduce the extent of measurement gate overlap as judged by a set of heuristic parameters derived in this work. Monte Carlo simulation results show that these are effective methods of reducing target estimate bias in the JPDA algorithm when targets are close together. An analysis of the computational demands of these algorithms shows that while they are computationally demanding, they are not prohibitively so.     

面向空中目标威胁评估的多传感器管理方法

为了降低在空中目标威胁评估任务中由于威胁评估结果的不准确性和传感器辐射所带来的潜在损失，提出了一种基于风险的多传感器管理方法。首先，基于部分可观马尔可夫决策过程建立了传感器管理模型；然后，给出了基于信息状态的威胁评估风险和传感器辐射风险的预测方法以量化潜在损失；接着，为获得更优的作战收益，以多步风险预测值为决策依据，以两种风险的加权和最小为优化目标建立了长期目标函数；最后，在求解目标函数时，将传感器管理问题转化为决策树搜索，设计了一种基于分支定界的标准代价搜索算法以快速获得高质量的管理方案。仿真实验表明，所提算法能够在搜索到高质量解的同时大幅减少计算时间和内存消耗；所提方法能够对风险进行准确预测，且相比于经典的传感器管理方法，所提方法具有更好的风险控制效果。     

高温耐辐照声发射传感器

研制了一种新的耐高温抗辐照声发射传感器,并讨论了传感器制作工艺上的特点和优点。在经受400℃和2.4×10~6GYγ辐照的考验后,传感器仍保持性能稳定。     

Hierarchical resource management in adaptive airborne surveillance radars

In this paper we present hierarchical resource management algorithms for adaptive airborne surveillance radars. By abstracting the physical layer sensor performance into a quality of service measure, the resource management problem is formulated as a constrained Markov decision process. A two-level (two-timescale) resource management algorithm is presented based on Lagrangian relaxation. A numerical example is given with scenarios involving different target densities.     

State of art on energy management strategy for hybrid-powered unmanned aerial vehicle

New energy sources such as solar energy and hydrogen energy have been applied to the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV), which could be formed as the hybrid power sources due to the requirement of miniaturization, lightweight, and environmental protection issue for UAV. Hybrid electrical propulsion technology has been used in UAV and it further enforces this trend for the evolution to the Hybrid-Powered System(HPS). In order to realize long endurance flight mission and improve the energy efficiency of UAV, many researching works are focused on the Energy Management Strategy(EMS) of the HPS with digital simulation, ground demonstration platforms and a few flight tests for the UAV in recent years. energy management strategy, in which off-line or on-line control algorithms acted as the core part, could optimize dynamic electrical power distribution further and directly affect the efficiency and fuel economy of hybrid-powered system onboard.In order to give the guideline for this emerging technology for UAV, this paper presents a review of the topic highlighting energy optimal management strategies of UAV. The characteristics of typical new energy sources applied in UAV are summarized firstly, and then the classification and analysis of the architecture for hybrid power systems in UAV are presented. In the context of new energy sources and configuration of energy system, a comprehensive comparison and analysis for the state of art of EMS are presented, and the various levels of complexity and accuracy of EMS are considered in terms of real time, computational burden and optimization performance based on the optimal control and operational modes of UAV. Finally, the tendency and challenges of energy management strategy applied to the UAV have been forecasted.     

Shifted Rayleigh filter: a new algorithm for bearings-only tracking

A new algorithm, the "shifted Rayleigh filter," is introduced for two- or three-dimensional bearings-only tracking problems. In common with other "moment matching" tracking algorithms such as the extended Kalman filter and its modern refinements, it approximates the prior conditional density of the target state by a normal density; the novel feature is that an exact calculation is then performed to update the conditional density in the light of the new measurement. The paper provides the theoretical justification of the algorithm. It also reports on simulations involving variants on two scenarios, which have been the basis of earlier comparative studies. The first is a "benign" scenario where the measurements are comparatively rich in range-related information; here the shifted Rayleigh filter is competitive with standard algorithms. The second is a more "extreme" scenario, involving multiple sensor platforms, high-dimensional models and noisy measurements; here the performance of the shifted Rayleigh filter matches the performance of a high-order bootstrap particle filter, while reducing the computational overhead by an order of magnitude.     

Surveillance system based on data fusion from image and acousticarray sensors

The present publication shows a model of a monitoring system of high benefit, based on two complementary sensorial systems (image+acoustics), which allows the information received to fuse, and to prioritize the computational resources toward the zones with considerable risk. The application uses components such as: active acoustic radar based on a phase array of microphones, with techniques of beamforming, and multibeam detection schemes; efficient compression algorithms and video transmission in real time. The system is composed of an arbitrary number of sensors (monitoring probes), distributed by the monitoring space, a data network and a central server (monitoring manager). The sensors consist of a microprocessor, with its memory and three main modules: (1) acoustic radar; (2) video capture card; and (3) network card. The flexibility of the system allows new modules to be added such as: personal detector card; sound card; cards for telecontrol; etc. The sensor microprocessor preprocesses the information received by the modules, packs and transmits it to the central server through a data network. The system uses IP protocol, and SNMPv2 for management     

主被动多传感器多目标状态信息融合

研究了主被动多传感器多目标状态信息融合问题。针对被动式跟踪的特点,借助主动跟踪的距离通道值,提出类主动的被动式跟踪。在此基础上提出主被动串联状态信息融合和并联状态信息融合算法。仿真结果表明两种状态信息融合方法都可以大大提高跟踪精度,同时还可以提高系统的可靠性。     

Active,compact, wideband,receiving filtenna with power adaptation for space-limited wireless platforms

An active, compact, wideband, receiving filtenna with power adaptation for space-limited wireless platforms is presented. By organically combining a filtering antenna and a Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA), the proposed co-designed active filtenna is achieved. Its power adaptation is empowered by controlling gain of the VGA unit. A demonstrated prototype with a compact overall size is fabricated, assembled and measured. Good performances are achieved. Furthermore, in any condition, the proposed active filtenna displays outstanding impedance matching (|S₁₁| < ?10 dB) and high passband skirt selectivity at upper and lower stopbands (Selectivity ≥ 170 dB/GHz).     

Multisensor resource deployment using posterior Cramer-Rao bounds

The development of a general framework for the systematic management of multiple sensors in target tracking in the presence of clutter is described. The basis of the technique is to quantify, and subsequently control, the accuracy of target state estimation. The posterior Cramer-Rao lower bound (PCRLB) provides the means of achieving this aim by enabling us to determine a bound on the performance of all unbiased estimators of the unknown target state. The general approach is then to use optimization techniques to control the measurement process in order to achieve accurate target state estimation. We are concerned primarily with the deployment and utilization of limited sensor resources. We also allow for measurement origin uncertainty, with sensor measurements either target-generated or false alarms. An example in which the aim is to track a submarine by deploying a series of constant false-alarm rate passive sonobuoys is presented. We show that by making some standard assumptions, the effect of the measurement origin uncertainty can be expressed as a state-dependent information reduction factor which can be calculated off-line. This enables the Fisher information matrix (FIM) to be calculated quickly, allowing Cramer-Rao bounds to be utilized for real-time, dynamic sensor management. The sensor management framework is shown to determine deployment strategies that enable the target to be accurately localized, and at the same time efficiently utilize the limited sensor resources.     

星际着陆自主障碍检测与规避技术

 为了在具有科学价值的复杂地形区域实现安全着陆,未来的星际着陆器必须具备自主障碍检测与规避的能力。从星际着陆导航传感器技术、自主障碍检测方法和自主障碍规避技术3个方面出发,对星际着陆自主障碍检测与规避技术进行较全面的分析和总结。首先,对适用于星际着陆自主障碍检测的各种主动式和被动式传感器的工作原理、优缺点进行较深入的阐述;接着,基于不同传感器的测量信息,对各种自主障碍检测方法的障碍检测能力、优缺点进行较详细的对比分析;然后,基于多信息融合的自主障碍检测方法,对安全着陆点选择的原则进行阐述;最后,对星际着陆自主障碍规避流程和适用于星际着陆自主障碍规避的制导控制方法进行较系统的总结。     

Periodic acoustic source tracking using propagation delayed measurements

There exist a large class of acoustic sources which have an underlying periodic phenomenon. Unlike the well-studied Bearings-Only Tracking(BOT) of an aperiodic acoustic source,this paper considers the problem of tracking a periodic acoustic source. For periodic acoustic tracking, the signal emission time is known. However, the true measurement reception time is unknown because it is corrupted by noise due to propagation delay. We augment the sensor’s signal reception time onto bearing measuremen...     

基于扩张状态观测器的高空台进气环境模拟控制技术研究

针对航空发动机高空台推力瞬变等过渡态试验对进气环境模拟控制系统所提出的强抗扰性、强鲁棒性的迫切需求,设计了一种基于扩张状态观测器（ESO）的高空台进气环境模拟主动抗扰控制技术方法。首先分析了现有高空台过渡态环境模拟的技术特点和高品质控制指标难于实现的原因;其次设计线性自抗扰控制器（LADRC）和一体化并行控制器（IPC）;最后通过仿真对高空台进气环境模拟主动抗扰控制方法进行了验证。结果表明,应用基于扩张状态观测器的主动抗扰控制技术能够大幅提高发动机过渡态试验中进气环境模拟的动态响应速度、控制精度和抗扰动能力。     

交会接近轨迹的闭环斜滑控制算法研究

为了矫正追踪航天器相对接近轨迹的偏离,实现交会轨迹的主动安全控制,在开环斜滑算法的基础上提出了闭环斜滑主动控制方法,包括轨迹控制的闭环斜滑算法和终端控制的闭环斜滑算法。利用某近距离交会接近问题,采用MonteCarlo（蒙特卡洛）打靶仿真,分析比较了开环斜滑算法和2种闭环斜滑算法。结果表明,闭环控制终端偏离明显小于开环情况,同时在较短时间内以较小的速度增量实现了终端状态控制,并且轨迹控制的闭环斜滑算法控制精度小于终端控制算法。     

平流层长航时气球轨迹控制系统研究

首先介绍了平流层气球的应用意义及进行轨迹控制的必要性,然后描述了一种基于不同海拔风速差的轨迹控制方法,简要说明了平流层风速随海拔的变化规律,在此基础上研究了包括超压气球和轨迹控制系统在内的气球飞行系统各部分特点,最后简单分析了整个飞行系统的建模与仿真中的要点问题。结果表明,这种轨迹控制方法是一种几乎不需要消耗能源的有效轨迹控制方法,具有较高的应用价值和推广价值。