SiC晶体测温判读技术研究

针对航空发动机热端部件表面温度准确测量的需求,开展了SiC微型晶体测温判读技术研究。采用中子辐照技术破坏SiC晶体的有序结构,使晶体内部产生缺陷,再通过退火处理消除晶体内部缺陷。拉曼光谱分析结果表明,晶体内部残余缺陷浓度随着退火温度的升高而降低。X射线衍射结果显示,样品的衍射角和半高宽分别随退火温度的升高以近似线性的趋势增大和降低。根据晶格参数可以得到温度标定数据库与标定曲线。采用Matlab编写了SiC晶体测温判读软件,判读软件的测温范围为500～1 400℃,判读误差为0.447%。     

2D-C/SiC复合材料在空气中的高温压缩强度研究

研究了二维碳纤维增强碳化硅基复合材料(2 D-C/SiC)在空气介质中的高温压缩强度.材料采用1K T300碳纤维平纹布经叠层和缝合制成预制体为增强体,经等温化学气相浸渗制备而成.试样表面用化学气相沉积工艺沉积SiC涂层.测试方向为垂直于炭布叠层方向,测试温度为室温,700℃,1100℃和1300℃.使用扫描电子显微镜观察了材料的断口.结果表明:室温～700℃,2D-C/SiC的压缩强度随温度升高逐渐增大,温度高于700℃后,材料的压缩强度缓慢降低.导致2D-C/SiC的压缩强度随温度变化的主要原因为纤维和基体热膨胀系数不同引起的残余应力随温度升高逐渐变小和高温下材料的氧化损伤.     

TiO2基紫外探测器的制备及退火工艺对光电性能的影响

采用磁控溅射方法,通过不同工艺的退火处理,制备了光电性能优良的TiO2基紫外探测器.通过紫外光电性能测试、扫描电子显微镜( SEM)观察及X射线衍射(XRD)分析,研究了退火工艺对探测器光电性能的影响规律.结果表明:随着退火温度的增加,TiO2晶粒尺寸显著增大,晶界和缺陷数量的变化是导致TiO2基紫外探测器的光电性能随退火工艺变化的根本原因.经500℃/2h退火后,紫外探测器的光电流高出暗电流近2.5个数量级,紫外波段的光响应高出可见光波段近2个数量级,所制备紫外探测器达到了高辐射灵敏度和可见盲特性的要求.     

退火温度对高纯钨靶显微组织和内应力的影响

采用热等静压工艺制备了高纯钨靶,并在不同温度下对其进行退火处理。采用金相显微镜、TEM、XRD和硬度计对不同温度退火的高纯钨靶的显微组织和内应力进行表征。结果表明:高纯钨靶经1200℃真空退火后,保留了热等静压后的细晶组织,晶粒未发生长大,但是位错密度却大幅度减小,晶格畸变率下降,硬度值降低,这是由于退火处理使热等静压高纯钨靶发生回复,内应力得以释放。当退火温度低于1200℃时,钨靶的内应力去除不完全,当退火温度高于1 200℃时钨靶的晶粒开始长大,故热等静压高纯钨靶的最佳退火温度是1 200℃。     

一种镍基单晶高温合金的高温蠕变行为

采用扫描电镜、透射电镜等方法研究了一种镍基单晶高温合金在1000℃的高温低应力蠕变行为。实验结果表明:合金蠕变速率呈现出先减小再增大的变化趋势,当应变量达到一定临界值(1±0.2)%后,变形速率迅速上升,蠕变进入第三阶段。高温蠕变初始阶段的主要变形机制为a/2〈110〉{111}型位错环在基体内运动。合金在高温蠕变稳态阶段的主要变形机制为位错切割γ’相,切割位错主要有螺型位错对和[001]超位错两种形式。     

高温压缩对高体份SiC_p/Al复合材料组织的影响

采用无压浸渗法制备出结构/热控一体化的高体份(～55%)SiCp/Al复合材料。对该复合材料进行了高温(高于基体熔点)压缩实验。利用XRD和SEM观察分析了高温压缩参数对复合材料相组成及组织形态的影响。研究结果表明:高温压缩后高体份SiCp/Al复合材料的相组成仍为Al,SiC及少量Si和Mg2Si,该复合材料具有较好的高温稳定性;高体份SiCp/Al复合材料高温压缩变形后,基体仍保持连续,颗粒在压力作用下会翻转、部分颗粒会破碎,颗粒尺寸及分布均匀性等组织特性受高温变形参数控制。随着变形温度的升高和应变速率的减小,SiC颗粒的尺寸一致性、圆整度及分布均匀性有所提高;高体份SiCp/Al能复合材料在基体熔点以上的材料状态可视为粘流体,并可认为其具有一定的流动性。变形温度和应变速率对复合材料流动性的影响,使复合材料高温压缩后组织特性呈现四个阶段。     

Ti-30Nb-1Mo-4Sn合金热机械处理过程中的相组成及力学性能演化

采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察和力学性能测试,系统研究了具有低弹性模量的亚稳β钛合金Ti-30Nb-1Mo-4Sn(wt%)在热机械处理过程中的相组成与力学性能演化。研究结果表明:固溶态合金具有较低的结构稳定性,拉伸过程中出现应力诱发马氏体相变,导致合金呈现较低的屈服强度;固溶态合金经时效处理后,由于缺乏异质形核点并且时效时间较短,第2相析出很少,其稳定性并没有明显提高,淬火的过程中仍然会发生马氏体相变,因此其屈服强度也不能得到显著提高。合金经冷轧变形后,晶粒显著细化并引入大量形变位错,大量的缺陷为α相析出提供了形核点,因此在时效处理时析出大量细小α强化相之后,合金的屈服强度和断裂强度显著提高。值得注意的是,冷轧态合金选择一个合适的退火温度(350℃),可以使时效处理后的强度达到最大值,进一步提高退火温度,发生再结晶,位错密度下降,导致合金强度剧烈下降。     

激光冲击TC17钛合金诱生的微结构的特征及热稳定性

研究激光冲击(Laser shock peening,LSP)诱生TC17钛合金的表层梯度微结构特征及其热稳定性具有重要的理论与应用价值。TEM的研究结果表明:LSP处理后,靠近基体处以较高密度形变孪晶和位错为主;越接近冲击表面应变速率越高,发生孪生的原子来不及进行位置重排、孪晶数量较少,因而以高密度位错缠结、位错胞以及位错胞转变成的亚微米级亚晶为主;最表面晶粒平均尺寸由原始～43μm瞬间细化至～396nm,表面晶粒瞬间显著细化是旋转动态再结晶的结果。LSPed试样经573K/1h退火后各深度处的位错密度降低,孪晶密度/位错胞以及最表面晶粒尺寸变化不大;而LSPed试样经673K/1h退火后其各深度处的位错密度下降更明显,孪晶数量也有所下降,而位错胞和最表面晶粒平均尺寸长大明显;673K是激光冲击TC17钛合金诱生的微结构的热稳定临界温度,维氏硬度试验结果也表明当退火温度达673K后硬度值下降明显。     

TC6钛合金普通退火热稳定性和高温性能研究

研究了TC6钛合金经普通退火处理后的热稳定性能和高温力学性能,并与双重退火、等温退火状态进行了对比分析。结果表明,普通退火状态TC6钛合金在300℃/5000h以下具有良好的组织和性能稳定性,不同温度瞬时拉伸、蠕变、持久等高温性能与双重退火和等温退火状态相当。经普通退火处理的TC6钛合金半成品可以满足飞机结构件的使用温度(300℃以下)要求。     

TiNiCu形状记忆合金热机械训练诱发双向记忆效应的DSC曲线特征

利用示差扫描量热法(DSC)研究了TiNiCu双向记忆弹簧训练过程中热机械训练及退火对合金相变特征的影响。结果表明,训练前升温时,DSC曲线表现出的吸热峰由多个小峰组成,随着训练次数的增加,峰的个数减少,具有稳定双向记忆效应的试样中,升温时只出现一个锐利的峰。这是因为在训练过程中引入特定取向的位错,产生一定的应力场,使得马氏体变体的取向比较一致,相变点基本相同所致。由于位错的引入,引起相变点As和Af下降。训练不同次数的样品400℃退火后,由多个小峰组成的吸热峰合并为一个峰,这是由退火导致热机械训练诱发特定取向的位错恢复引起的。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.