Rhetorical shadows: The conceptual representation of incongruent shadows

ABSTRACT

This article addresses the topic of conceptual representation of shadows. We analyze several examples of contemporary imagery, taken from advertising and cartooning, to shed light on the way shadow depictions are used as rhetorical devices. Instead of being inserted as a natural phenomenon, rhetorical shadows invite the construction of meaning, and instead of being a mere natural companion of their casters, they reveal things about their casters. Three so-called “shadow incongruity types” are distinguished: (1) shadows revealing the “true nature” of their caster or the “hidden contents” of the caster’s mind; (2) shadows marking some transition their caster is involved in; and (3) shadows suggesting a certain quality attached to one of a shadow’s main ingredients (casting object, light source or surface). For each of these types of rhetorical shadows, we demonstrate that the way they convey meaning basically follows the principles of perceiving and understanding natural shadows.     

Mass transfer interaction of moving particles in a reactive dispersive system

Mass transfer from a system of particles moving linearly in a viscous fluid is considered. A chemical reaction on the particle surfaces is taken into account. The analysis is based on the investigation of concentration and velocity fields in a particle wake and of the distortion of these fields due to particles interaction. The values of both local and average Sherwood numbers are calculated.The results obtained are applied to the system of drops and solid spherical particles moving in line along the axis of uniform Stokes flow. It is shown, that if the distance 1 between the particles satisfies the condition (a is the sphere radius and P is the Peclet number) then the total diffusion flux to the surface of kth sphere is as follows

Full-size image (1K)

. Here k is the particle number along the stream (for the leading particle k = 1), I₁ is the diffusion flux to the leading particle: n = 1 for drops, n = 2 for solid particles.     

A Formalism Supplementing Cognitive Semantics Based on Mereology

ABSTRACT

This paper is motivated by and aims to supplement Cognitive Semantics. Details of this latter prominent approach within contemporary linguistic research will not be discussed here. Rather, we focus on a formalization of the concept of Gestalt and provide a formal semantics that can be used to interpret a certain formal language (LM ₀) with respect to a universe of structured wholes (Gestalts). Since a great deal of the analyses of linguistic organization that has been provided by Cognitive Semantics since the mid-1970s is based on the concept of Gestalt, the semantics unfolded in the following may be viewed as an attempt to provide a starting point for supplementing the yet informal analyses of Cognitive Semantics by formal models. Since Gestaltists have talked about Gestalts in terms of parts and wholes, it is a natural step to make use of mereological techniques.     

In Memoriam: Herbert L. Pick,Jr. (1930–2012)

ABSTRACT

Fictive motion in language (as in “the ridge went north”) is claimed to reflect the attention focus of the observer on the extension and spatial layout of an entity. This paper investigates fictive motion in alpine narratives, which describe the experience of moving in a very specifically structured space. We examine space properties that are highlighted through fictive motion in this specific context and describe how they go beyond spatial extension. We further report the communicative motivation behind the use of fictive motion, ranging from conveying the sense of place to encoding the full spatial footprint of a motion event.     

基于磁通感应的动目标探测原理及分析

文章研究利用磁通感应技术对运动目标进行探测的方法。通过分析运动目标的磁特性,建立等效磁性模型。根据模型设计了探测感应线圈的结构,并从理论上推导出线圈内磁通量和感生电动势的求解公式。利用数值仿真获得了探测信号与运动目标特征及线圈参数的关系。计算结果表明,探测信号对运动目标参数及探测感应线圈的结构变化响应明显,初步验证了该探测技术的可行性。     

The Perception and Content of Cast Shadows: An Interdisciplinary Review

Abstract

Recently, psychologists have turned their attention to the study of cast shadows and demonstrated that the human perceptual system values information from shadows very highly in the perception of spatial qualities, sometimes to the detriment of other cues. However with some notable and recent exceptions, computer vision systems treat cast shadows not as signal but as noise. This paper provides a concise yet comprehensive review of the literature on cast shadow perception from across the cognitive sciences, including the theoretical information available, the perception of shadows in human and machine vision, and the ways in which shadows can be used.     

一种变化检测的新算法

变化检测技术是遥感图像应用中的关键技术之一。在分析变化检测算法的基础上，提出了一种新的变化检测算法，该算法主要由三步组成：差图像的优化获取、变化区域的准确检测、目标阴影的修正。仿真结果表明了本文所提算法对变化目标的检测准确可靠，且对背景有较强的鲁棒性。     

一种基于红外序列图像的弱小目标检测方法

针对天空背景下红外运动弱小目标的检测问题,提出一种结合小波变换和管道滤波的序列图像的检测算法。首先对红外序列图像采用小波变换,再采用全局门限法进行阈值分割提取出潜在目标,用形态开运算去除噪声点,以减少候选目标数目,最后再使用管道滤波的方法确定真实目标。实验结果表明,该方法能有效地检测运动红外弱小目标,显著提高红外弱小目标的检测概率,并易于硬件实现。     

基于ATI技术和象素匹配的星载SAR/GMTI实现方法

与机载合成孔径雷达相比,星载合成孔径雷达由于其复杂的空间几何关系、地球自转及地球曲率等因素的影响,使得星载SAR／GMTI的实现更为复杂。提出了当不满足相位偏置中心天线(DPCA)中脉冲重复频率和天线水平基线间的严格约束条件时,通过象素匹配法和星载SAR沿航迹向干涉(ATI)技术实现星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)动目标检测、测速及定位的一种方法。该方法采用沿航迹向线性排列的双孔径天线星载SAR结构,首先建立了星载SAR双孔径天线空间几何模型并详细分析了星载SAR双孔径天线机理及信号特性,然后利用常规方法成像的双天线SAR图像,分析并推导了基于ATI技术和象素匹配实现对地面背景杂波淹没的运动目标检测、径向速度分量估计以及目标定位的方法。最后,通过计算机仿真验证了其有效性。     

On Embedding a Qualitative Representation in a Two-Dimensional Plane

Abstract

This paper discusses embedding in a two-dimensional plane a symbolic representation for spatial data using the simple objects, points (P), lines (L), circuits (C), and areas (A). We have proposed PLCA as a new framework for a qualitative spatial reasoning. In a PLCA expression, the entire figure is represented in a form in which all the objects are related. We investigate the conditions for two-dimensional realizability of a PLCA expression, and derive the relation that the numbers of objects in a PLCA expression should have. In this process, we use the well-known Euler's formula. We also give an algorithm for drawing the figure of the PLCA expression that satisfies this condition in a two-dimensional plane and prove its correctness. The algorithm generates a quantitative expression from qualitative expression.     

Managing Temporal Constraints with Preferences

Abstract

Preferences in temporal problems are common but significant in many real world applications. In this paper, we extend our temporal reasoning framework, managing numeric and symbolic information, in order to handle preferences. Unlike the existing models managing single temporal preferences, ours supports four types of preferences, namely: numeric and symbolic temporal preferences, composite preferences and conditional preferences. This offers more expressive power in representing a wide variety of temporal constraint problems. The preferences are considered here as a set of soft constraints using a c-semiring structure with combination and projection operators. Solving temporal constraint problems with preferences consists in finding a solution satisfying all the temporal constraints while optimizing the preference values. This is handled by a variant of the branch and bound algorithm, we propose in this paper, and where constraint propagation is used to improve the time efficiency. Experimental tests, we conducted on randomly generated temporal constraint problems with preferences, favor a variant of MAC as the constraint propagation strategy that should be used within the branch and bound algorithm.     

Periodic solutions in three-dimensional restricted three-body problem: 2. Loss of symmetry at the 1:1 resonance

Within the framework of the circular restricted three-body problem a family of inverse periodic orbits around the two attracting bodies (the Egorov’s family) and families generated by it at the 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 resonances for three-dimensional orbits in the Sun-Earth and Earth-Moon systems are considered. Their relationship with families generated by orbits around the libration points L ₁, L ₂ and L ₃ is investigated. One of the families contains periodic solutions that seem promising as possible orbits for the space radio telescope of the Millimetron project.     

基于最大值投影的运动点目标检测算法及其性能

针对低信噪比序列图像中微弱点状运动目标检测,提出了一种基于最大值投影构造组合帧图像与帧序号图像的检测算法,给出了算法的计算步骤。用建立的检测率和虚警率的分析模型,讨论了检测率、虚警率、信噪比、构造组合帧的图像帧数间的关系。仿真结果表明,通过合理选择组合帧数,该算法可有效检测出低信噪比条件下图像序列中的运动点目标和交叉运动的多点目标。     

基于过渡区的序列图像运动目标分割方法

序列图像运动目标检测技术是目标搜索与跟踪系统的一项核心技术.提出了一种基于过渡区的序列图像运动目标分割方法,该方法通过提取序列图像过渡区来进行目标分割,并与传统的阈值分割算法进行效果比较.实验结果表明,该方法能取得更好的序列图像运动目标分割效果.     

Low-energy ion fluxes and magnetic field on the inner boundary of the heliosphere

A comparison of temporal profiles of low-energy ion intensity and magnetic field magnitude in different periods of solar activity in the outer heliosphere is carried out using the data of the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 spacecraft. It is shown that temporal, spectral, and statistical characteristics of particle fluxes and magnetic field in the heliospheric regions before and after the terminal shock in 2002–2008 had similar dynamics in different hemispheres. This similarity allowed one to assume that, in the region of the inner heliospheric boundary, a quasistable spatial structure existed moving together with the terminal shock in accordance with the solar wind pressure, as well as, probably, under the action of the interstellar medium. It was revealed that the spatial dimensions of most details of this structure are less on Voyager 2, which, probably, is due to variation of the solar activity level, difference in latitude of spacecraft disposition, and also the influence of the interstellar magnetic field.