湿热老化对T700/3234复合材料力学性能影响研究

在室温及70℃条件下对单向T700/3234复合材料进行了湿热老化试验,分别测试了经历不同吸湿时间后材料的吸湿率、层间剪切强度和弯曲强度,并且利用扫描电镜(SEM)对力学性能试样的断口形貌进行了分析.结果表明,吸湿温度越高,饱和吸湿率越高.T700/3234复合材料具有良好的耐湿热性能,其层间剪切强度、弯曲强度保持率分别为69.33％和76.06％.吸湿使界面出现一定程度的脱粘是导致其力学性能下降的主要原因.     

湿热老化后碳纤维复合材料层间剪切强度实验方法对比研究

通过短梁法和双切口法研究湿热老化对T700/TDE-85复合材料层间剪切强度的影响,讨论两者吸湿规律随老化时间的变化关系,并对试件断口形貌进行分析。结果表明:两种试件吸湿规律均符合Fick第二定律,但两者平衡吸湿率和吸湿时间有所差别,双切口法试件的吸湿速率和平衡吸湿率均比短梁法试件高;双切口试件所测层间剪切强度受湿热老化影响比短梁明显,短梁试件每隔500 h层间剪切强度保持率为74.5%,61.0%,53.2%,50.6%,双切口每隔500 h层间剪切强度保持率为60.9%,38.3%,42.6%,33.0%;短梁试件失效模式随着湿热老化时间的增长变化比双切口更为复杂。     

树脂基复合材料T300/5405的吸湿性能及湿热环境对力学性能的影响

研究了单向铺层的T300/5405复合材料在六种湿热环境中的吸湿行为,并利用扫描电镜研究了材料吸湿过程中的形貌变化。同时计算了在不同湿热条件下的水分扩散系数。结果表明在较高的温度和湿度下会使水分的扩散速率增加。老化后试样的剪切强度、弯曲强度和压缩强度随着老化时间的延长均有所下降,同时在相同的温度条件下,提高湿度会使材料的力学性能下降更快。     

非连续湿热作用对T700/TR1219B复合材料宏细观性能的影响

为研究非连续湿热作用对碳纤维环氧树脂基复合材料性能的影响,对T700/TR1219B试样进行了吸湿-脱湿试验,测试了其拉神性能,并采用SEM观察试样侧面;通过原子力显微镜的峰值力纳米力学成像技术(PF-QNM)对树脂进行纳米压痕测试。结果表明:吸湿率从0变化到1.2%,T700/TR1219B复合材料的一次及二次吸湿行为均满足Fick定律;经吸湿-脱湿-再吸湿,试样的拉伸强度、弹性模量及树脂的硬度及弹性模量均呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势。     

国产T700级碳纤维增强双马树脂基复合材料的力学性能

采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、反气相色谱(IGC)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)对国产T700级碳纤维和东丽T700S碳纤维的表面形貌、表面能和表面化学特性进行表征,测试两种碳纤维增强双马树脂基复合材料的力学性能,考察国产碳纤维复合材料的界面黏结性能、韧性和湿热性能。结果表明:碳纤维表面特性(表面形貌、表面能和表面化学组成等)对复合材料界面黏结性能具有显著影响;国产T700级碳纤维/QY9611复合材料在室温下的界面黏结性能优于T700S/QY9611复合材料;国产T700级碳纤维/QY9611复合材料的韧性优异,冲击后压缩强度达到了国外先进复合材料IM7/5250-4的水平;经湿热处理后的层间剪切强度仍与T700S/QY9611复合材料相当,说明国产T700级碳纤维/QY9611复合材料具备良好的湿热性能。     

湿热环境下复合材料孔板压缩性能的研究

采用压缩试验的方法,对含孔机织碳纤维环氧复合材料层板进行了湿热环境下的压缩试验,研究了湿热环境对其压缩性能的影响。分析了复合材料孔板的吸湿特性、压缩强度、破坏模式及动态力学性能。结果表明:机织碳纤维环氧复合材料吸湿率较低,其饱和吸湿率仅为0.88%左右。湿热环境会降低由基体性能主导的压缩强度,130℃下湿态试样的开孔压缩强度保持率约为70%。含孔复合材料层合板的破坏模式均为过孔破坏,破坏均发生在应力集中的区域,并且断裂都是沿着应力集中最大的方向扩展。侧面断口主要为剪切失效,有分层和屈曲的特征。吸湿后复合材料的DMA Tg为125℃,比干态时下降了16℃。     

循环湿热老化对T700/TDE86碳纤维复合材料 层间断裂韧度的影响

对T700/TDE86碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料进行加速循环湿热老化实验,研究不同循环湿热老化天数对Ⅰ型张开以及Ⅱ型滑移两种层间断裂韧度的影响。结果表明:循环湿热老化之后的复合材料Ⅰ型层间断裂韧度出现明显的R曲线,且随着循环湿热老化天数的增加,裂纹初始扩展能量释放率(GIC,init)与裂纹稳态扩展能量释放率(GIC,prop)都获得了大幅提升;复合材料Ⅱ型层间断裂韧度随着循环湿热老化天数的增加,呈现阶梯状下降的趋势,而且在循环湿热老化前期,下降幅度最大,为21.68%。     

湿热环境对T700/5428中心孔板静强度影响的试验研究

研究了湿热环境对碳纤维/树脂复合材料静力拉伸和压缩性能的影响.对T700/5428体系的复合材料中心开孔试件进行了常温、吸湿后常温、吸湿后75℃、吸湿后105℃环境下的静力拉伸和压缩试验.     

国产T800级碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料湿热性能

采用扫描电镜、红外图谱分析三种国产T800级碳纤维的物理形貌以及表面上浆剂的化学结构。针对三种国产T800级碳纤维(CCF800)/环氧树脂复合材料在湿热环境下的吸湿行为,研究经不同时间湿热和高温环境下处理后的层间剪切性能,并通过扫描电镜观察湿热处理后的复合材料界面结合状态。结果表明:三种国产T800级碳纤维表面物理形貌相同,而表面化学结构存在一定差异;三种碳纤维环氧复合材料的"饱和"吸湿周期相同,约为54 d,95%饱和吸湿周期也相同,约为30 d;而饱和吸湿量存在明显差异,其中3号纤维上浆剂中由于羟基含量最高,导致其环氧树脂基复合材料吸湿率最高,在高温高湿作用下,层间剪切强度下降最为明显。     

湿热环境对T700/5429 弯曲和面内压缩强度的影响

用热压罐法制备了单向碳纤维增强双马来酰亚胺树脂基( T700/5429)复合材料层压板.在45、85℃水浴的湿热环境下,对层压板进行了90 d的浸泡,测试了浸泡前后的红外吸收光谱、吸湿率、弯曲和面内压缩强度.结果表明:浸泡90 d后树脂基体未出现新的吸收峰;其吸湿率变化是扩散行为并可用菲克扩散定律描述;其弯曲和面内压缩强度随浸泡时间的变化是非线性的,即分形的,其中弯曲强度变化的分形维数45℃时为1.10、85℃时为1.07,面内压缩强度变化的分形维数45℃时为1.04、85℃时为1.05,说明复合材料弯曲强度和面内压缩强度随浸泡时间的变化具有一定的复杂性.     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。