钛合金窄间隙TIG焊试板热处理前后表面残余应力研究

采用磁控窄间隙TIG焊接方法对31mm厚TC4钛合金试板进行焊接,焊接完成后采用压痕应变法测量真空退火处理前后表面焊接残余应力分布。结果表明,试板表面纵向焊接残余应力σx和横向焊接残余应力σy均较高;试板下表面焊接残余应力高于上表面焊接残余应力;峰值焊接残余应力出现在高温热影响区,数值可以达到材料屈服强度的50%~60%。经过650℃的真空退火热处理,焊接试板的纵向和横向残余应力均显著降低,残余应力降低幅度最高超过50%,剩余残余应力峰值均低于200MPa,表面残余应力重新分布。     

Ti_2AlNb合金电子束焊接接头的残余应力与再热裂纹

利用数值分析和试验测量方法研究了不同板厚和不同形状Ti_2AlNb合金电子束焊接接头的焊接应力,分析了再热裂纹的产生特点和焊后热处理过程中的组织演变,讨论了再热裂纹产生的原因。结果表明,电子束焊缝中心部位承受3向拉应力,纵向残余拉伸应力最大,超过1100MPa;横向拉伸应力较小;板较薄时厚度方向残余拉伸应力也较小,但当焊接厚板时焊缝中心厚度方向的残余拉伸应力也很大,深窄焊缝中可达1000MPa。同样板厚条件下,环形焊缝与直线焊缝相比,周向拉伸应力略小于纵向应力,但径向拉伸应力远大于横向应力,尤其是环的直径较小时。再热裂纹的产生与再热过程中晶界析出物及较高的拉伸应力有关,在加热速度低于一定值,加热到700℃左右时,裂纹沿晶界析出层与基体之间的界面产生与扩展。     

AISI 304钢-铌异种金属激光焊温度场及残余应力研究

采用SYSWELD软件,对AISI 304钢–铌异种金属激光焊接过程进行动态模拟,在研究了AISI 304钢–铌异种金属激光焊接接头温度场的基础上,分析了焊后薄板的残余应力分布。结果表明:异种金属焊接温度场呈不对称分布,铌侧高温区域比不锈钢侧要宽;沿焊接方向上,无论是横向残余应力还是纵向残余应力,焊缝中部区域都存在最大残余拉应力;而垂直于焊缝方向上,横向残余应力和纵向残余应力在焊缝及焊缝附近区域应力梯度都比较大,分布形态都呈"M"状,纵向残余应力在焊缝区表现为残余拉应力,而横向残余应力在焊缝中心处出现了压应力。     

TC17钛合金焊接及局部热处理残余应力的数值模拟

对TC17钛合金平板的氩弧焊焊接和焊后热处理过程进行了数值模拟,模型中考虑材料相变和蠕变,计算得到焊接和热处理过程中的温度场演变情况和热处理前后残余应力分布规律。结果表明,由于存在较大的热输入,焊后产生了较大的残余应力,焊缝附近的HAZ区域纵向残余拉应力达到了650MPa左右,热处理后降低至160MPa左右。采用小孔法和X射线衍射仪测量了试件的残余应力,模拟计算得到的残余应力值与小孔法测试结果符合性较好。     

钛合金电子束焊接表面残余应力的测试和有限元分析

采用多束电子束流焊接Ti60钛合金,并利用小孔法和有限元分析方法分别测试和模拟焊后残余应力值.对焊前预热、焊后缓冷和焊前预热+焊后缓冷三种焊接工艺下的残余应力值进行比较,研究残余应力的分布规律.研究结果表明,在垂直焊缝截面上,纵向残余应力σx的模拟结果与测试结果在变化趋势上基本一致.在平行焊缝截面上,实测与模拟纵向残余应力σx的分布规律相似.证明了有限元模型的合理性和可靠性.采用预热+焊接的焊接工艺对残余应力影响不大,采用焊接+缓冷的焊接工艺可以改变残余应力的分布.     

钛合金薄板激光修饰焊残余应力研究

采用X射线法测量焊接残余应力,对比研究了TC4钛合金薄板激光焊和激光修饰焊的残余应力分布规律与特点。结果表明:激光修饰焊未改变TC4钛合金薄板激光焊接接头残余应力的分布特征;激光修饰焊可以显著降低焊接接头横向残余应力,X方向上的最大残余压应力由原来的409MPa降到345MPa,Y方向则从316MPa降至278MPa,在焊缝两侧8mm范围内,应力值波动很小,基本呈现均匀分布,对于焊接纵向残余应力激光修饰焊只是略微降低应力波动幅度;与激光焊的接头边缘处相比,由于边缘效应激光修饰焊接产生的残余应力释放幅度较低,从27%~42%降到10%~18%。     

2024铝合金搅拌摩擦焊残余应力分布研究

采用9组不同的焊接参数,利用分割释放法对3.2mm厚2024-T3铝合金板搅拌摩擦焊对接板进行了上下两表面纵向残余应力的测量,然后对其分布规律进行了分析研究。结果表明,上表面的纵向残余应力呈现双峰值,峰值出现在轴肩两侧边缘,不对称分布,前进侧残余拉应力普遍高于后退侧;下表面呈现单峰值,峰值出现在焊缝中心附近,靠近前进侧;下表面的纵向残余应力峰值普遍高于上表面;上下两表面的纵向残余应力峰值会随着转速的增加或者焊速的减小而减小,即会随着热输入量的增加而减小。     

钛合金平板电子束焊接残余应力数值分析

本文建立了钛合金平板移动电子束热源的焊接温度场和应力场的数值分析模型,针对6mm厚的TC11钛合金平板试件,计算分析3种不同工艺参数的电子束焊接温度场及残余应力分布规律,结果表明对于平板电子束焊接接头,在焊缝及近缝区的很窄的区域内,存在数值接近材料屈服极限的纵向残余应力,焊接工艺不同将会影响残余应力的数值,采用正面焊透加背面修饰的焊接工艺可在一定程度上降低纵向残余应力的数值。      

基于电子散斑干涉的载人航天器密封舱焊缝残余应力测试方法

针对传统铝合金焊缝残余应力测试方法结果波动大的问题,采用电子散斑干涉法测量了5 mm厚载人航天器密封舱5A06铝合金变极性等离子弧对接和T型交叉焊缝的残余应力,分析了影响测量结果的因素,结果表明对接焊缝熔合线附近残余应力接近5A06屈服强度(约160 MPa);T型焊缝远离交叉区域,残余应力分布规律接近对接焊缝;在交叉区域附近,由于平行、垂直焊缝方向的残余应力的相互影响,这一区域焊缝残余应力状态十分复杂,且由于残余应力叠加,使得在部分小区域内残余应力值超过材料屈服强度。     

运载火箭贮箱筒段环缝焊接应力变形数值模拟

以5 m直径大型运载火箭贮箱筒段为研究对象,对该筒段进行了环缝焊接过程的有限元模拟,得到了焊接过程的温度场分布情况以及简化工装约束条件下焊接后和约束卸载后的应力变形情况.结果表明,筒段的整体变形以径向变形为主;焊后最大应力出现在焊缝,最大应力429 MPa,由于应变强化而高于屈服强度;焊缝处的应力除外表面轴向应力为压应力,其他皆为拉应力.     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。