不同密度比球体入水空泡流体动力特性研究

基于实验与数值计算相结合的方法,针对不同密度比的疏水性球体开展了垂直入水空泡形态及水下流体动力特性研究。建立了基于高速摄像法的小型航行体入水实验系统,并进行了入水空泡高速录像观察。基于VOF方法和动网格技术建立了考虑表面润湿性的回转体入水数值模拟方法。通过与实验结果对比,验证了数值方法的准确性和有效性。基于对实验与数值结果的分析,总结了疏水性球体的入水空泡及水冠发展随密度比与入水冲击速度的变化规律,对比了不同密度比球体在水下空泡夹断前后的流体动力系数。结果表明:随着入水冲击速度的增加,球体动能加大,入水空泡和水冠尺度增大,并从准静态闭合空泡逐渐发展为深闭合及面闭合空泡,临界速度随着密度比的增加而减小。此外,空泡夹断后会形成上下两股高速射流,射流的进一步运动加速了水面及球体附近空泡的溃灭。在流体动力特性方面,球体带空泡航行阶段的时均流体动力系数随密度比的增加而减小,而随入水冲击速度的变化较小,同时空泡夹断会造成流体动力较大波动。     

A study on thin walled intersecting spheres

Intersecting spheres are useful in the design of pressure vessels for weight limited situations as in the case of space or ocean applications. This paper treats the general problem of N intersecting spheres demonstrating that mass reduction can be achieved in relation to the single sphere that encloses the same internal volume. It is shown that this reduction approaches asymptotically the value of 39.5%.     

Optimization of the Flight of a Spacecraft with a Solar Sail from the Earth to Mars with a Perturbation Maneuver near Venus

The trajectories of the fastest flight of a spacecraft (SC) with a solar sail from the Earth's sphere of activity to the Martian sphere of activity including the section of a perturbation maneuver near Venus are investigated. The planetary spheres of activity are assumed to be point-like; i.e., the maneuver section and the initial and final positions of the SC coincide with the corresponding positions of the planets. The initial velocity of the SC is assumed to be equal to the Earth's velocity, so that no leveling of the velocities of the SC and Mars in the final point of the flight is required. The perturbation maneuver is considered as a jump of the heliocentric velocity of the SC at the point of its contact with Venus, which does not change the magnitude of its Venus-centric velocity. The orbits of planets are assumed to be circular and coplanar; the SC trajectory lies at the plane of these orbits. The sail is planar with a specularly reflecting surface. The trajectories of optimum flights are determined as a result of solving the boundary value problem of the Pontryagin maximum principle. The families of solutions to this problem depending on the initial angular positions of Venus and Mars are constructed by the method of continuation over a parameter.     

非线性晃动问题的ALE边界元方法

利用ＡＬＥ（任意的Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ－Ｅｕｌｅｒ）边界元方法数值求解了具有自由液面的非线性晃动问题，即受外力激励下流体的非线性振动问题。把ＡＬＥ有限元方法的思想应用到边界元方法中，得到了ＡＬＥ边界元方法。对于自由液面的非线性动力边界条件，应用Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ加权方法进行了有限元数值离散。为了增加求解精度，对动力边界条件提出了增加误差修正项的数值求解方法。对时间变量采用Ｎｅｗｍａｒｋ方法进行离散。推导了系统非线性方程的预测－多次校正法迭代格式。进行了算例分析与比较，得到了令人比较满意的结果。     

圆柱贮箱中液体晃动的模部分析

本文对圆柱贮箱中液体的晃动问题进行了精细研究，提出了模部及模部分析的新概念。在此基础上，文章研究了在不同接触角假设下的模部正交性问题，对传统的圆柱贮箱中液体的受迫晃动理论作了本质分析，并从速度势函数ｚ模部的角度分析了深箱问题的实质。     

球形贮箱中三维液体大幅晃动数值模拟

提出一种新颖有效的网格移动算法,使用任意拉格朗日-欧拉（ALE）有限元方法对球形贮箱中三维液体大幅晃动问题进行数值模拟。对接触线网格及自由液面网格指定其运动轨道,对湿壁面网格采用代数更新算法,对域内网格采用Laplace方程对网格速度进行平滑。同时采用基于特征线的时间分裂（CBS）格式来处理对流效应引起的数值振荡。数值计算结果与已有试验数据进行了对比,两者吻合良好,证明了网格移动算法与计算格式的可行性与准确性。     

Motion of deformable planets and stability of their stationary rotations

A mechanical system consisting from N deformable spheres interacting according to the law of gravity is considered as a model of planetary system. Deformations of the viscoelastic spheres are described according to the model of the theory of elasticity of small deformations, the Kelvin-Voigt model of viscous forces, and occur under the action of gravitational fields and fields of centrifugal forces. Approximate equations describing motions of the centers of mass of the spheres and their rotations relative to the centers of mass are constructed by the method of separation of motions on the basis of solving quasistatic problems of the theory of viscoelasticity with allowance made for smallness of sphere deformations. Using the first integral of conservation of the angular momentum of the system relative to its center of mass, the expression for the changed potential energy is obtained with the use of the Routh method. An investigation of stationary rotations is carried out, and it is shown that all of them are unstable, if the number of planets is more than two.     

着陆作用下月尘激扬的三维离散元分析

基于模拟月尘的细观颗粒形状,采用刚性圆球单元重叠法建立了4种典型不规则模拟月尘颗粒的三维几何模型.根据月尘所处环境和颗粒间接触特性,建立了月尘离散元接触力学模型.通过三轴压缩实验离散元模拟的结果和模拟月尘的实际三轴压缩实验数据的对比,确定模拟月尘颗粒的三维离散元模型参数.采用建立的模型和获得的参数,进行了圆盘模拟体着陆...     

球窝喷管接触应力及摆动力矩计算

用有限元法对球窝喷管阳球体、承力球窝法兰进行了应力－应变分析，采用间隙元计算了球窝喷管阴阳球体间的接触应力，求出了其分界面法线方向的压力；在此基础上，推导了球窝喷管摆动摩擦力矩的计算公式，计算了球窝喷管的摆动力矩。     

固液火箭冲压发动机燃烧室流场数值仿真

固液火箭冲压发动机通过固液两种燃料匹配工作,相比传统的固体火箭冲压发动机和液体燃料冲压发动机具有较为明显的优势.基于离散相模型和单步反应模型,采用Fluent 对设计点飞行参数下,不同结构和不同工况条件下的燃烧室两相反应流场进行了数值仿真.结果表明,燃气发生器喷管参数和进气道进气角度主要影响空气与燃气流的撞击以及头部区...     

The Effect of Dissipative Moments Caused by Liquid Body Viscosity on the Rotation Stability of a Space Object

The influence of dissipative forces in a viscous liquid that completely fills the cavities of a space object executing a rotational motion is analyzed. The Navier–Stokes equations are solved by expanding them into a series in terms of eigenfunctions of the boundary value problem on involving the resting liquid in rotation around the longitudinal axis of a cavity. The analytical solutions for coaxial cylindrical and concentric spherical cavities are obtained, in particular, for a straight circular cylinder and a sphere. The stability of the single-axis orientation of a space object filled with a viscous liquid is investigated. The dependences of rotation decay processes and drifts of the space object's longitudinal axis from a given direction are shown on the plane of constructive parameters.     

补燃循环发动机强迫起动研究

某泵压式液体火箭发动机是我国首台采用强迫起动方式的补燃循环发动机.结合发动机特点建立了强迫起动模型,进行了系统级冷调试验,根据试验及仿真结果确定了发动机起动参数及起动程序.针对试车暴露的问题,采取一系列措施解决了起动超调、起动爆燃、推力室点火冲击大及喷注器起动变形等问题.研究结果在发动机试车中得到验证.     

火箭发动机试验红外测温技术应用

目前发动机试验温度参数主要采用接触式测量方法,测温元件直接与被测对象相接触,优点是测量精度高,缺点是试验过程传感器经常损坏或脱落,且高温和腐蚀性介质影响感温元件的性能和寿命。根据发动机试验任务的要求和液体火箭发动机试验的特点,结合先进的分布式无接触式测量及光纤传输的技术,设计并建立了红外热成像测量系统。该系统采用无损、无线测量及光纤传输方式,提高了发动机热试车恶劣环境条件下关键部位温度参数的获得率,为全面研究发动机工作过程温度场分布情况奠定基础。     

卫星液体晃动气浮台仿真试验系统的运动分析

本文通过边界元数值法求解了部分充液自旋球腔内的液体晃动问题。以流体运动的基本方程和系统运动的Ｅｕｌｅｒ动力学方程为基础，考虑了贮箱偏置、涡旋、重力及Ｃｏｒｉｏｌｉｓ力等因素对流体晃动和系统运动状态的影响，求解出液体的速度场，并在此基础上估算液体的能量耗散率和系统的章动时间常数     

低重环境下旋转轴对称贮箱内液体晃动研究

针对低重环境下旋转轴对称贮箱自由晃动和受侧向、纵向激励时的箱内液体晃动,用变分原理推导了基于低重环境下静液面形状的液体晃动的积分形式的动力学控制方程,由拉普拉斯方程得到用高斯超几何级数解析表达的速度势和波高,进而得到液体晃动的模态运动方程。分析了球形贮箱和Cassini贮箱内液体自由晃动基频,贮箱受侧向激励时液体晃动波高振幅、晃动对贮箱产生的晃动力和力矩、晃动的等效力学模型,以及贮箱受纵向激励时的晃动波高振幅、可能出现的参激共振问题。     

某固体火箭发动机推力向量控制系统接头接触性能分析

以某固体火箭发动机推力向量控制系统摆动接头的单珠承载试验模型为计算模型,采用摩擦接触问题的Lagrange乘子法与弹塑性耦合的有限元理论,计算分析了摆动接头阳球试件在不同强化层厚度下的接触应力、变形及破坏机理;为降低系统摆动力矩,同时考虑大尺寸球面的表面强化和加工工艺,提出了满足接触性能的阳球表面强化层为1～1.4mm...     

化学气相沉积/渗透技术综述

综述了化学气相沉积技术的最新发展，包括金属有机化合物化学气相沉积，等离子辅助化学气相沉积，激光化学气相沉积；同时介绍了三种用于制备工程材料的快速致密化化学气相渗透技术，包括强迫流动热梯度化学气相渗透，化学液相沉积，感应加热热梯度快速致密化技术。     

低温发动机试验推进剂入口温度控制

阐述了低温发动机起动前推进剂入口温度对试车的重要性,分析了以往试车入口温度过高的原因。通过对试验系统的改造,采用强迫排放推进剂的方法,降低发动机入口推进剂温度,保证发动机在起动前推进剂入口温度满足试验要求。经试车验证,所采取措施成功解决了试验系统存在的推进剂入口温度过高的问题。     

Theory of physical libration of the Moon with the liquid core: Forced librations

For a two-layer model of the Moon that consists of a solid nonspherical mantle and an ellipsoidal homogeneous liquid core, a theory of forced librations under the effect of gravitational Earth’s moments has been developed. The motion of the Moon over its orbit has been described by the high-accuracy theory of DE/LE-4 orbital motion. Tables have been constructed that present forced librations of the Moon caused by the second harmonic of its force function, in the neighborhood of its motion according to the generalized Cassini laws. Disturbances of the first-order with respect to dynamic compressions of the Moon and its core are obtained in analytical form for Andoyer variables and Poincare variables and for the projection of the angular velocity vector of Moon’s mantle rotation and the Poincare coordinate system (relative to which core’s liquid accomplishes simple motion) on its major central axes of inertia, as well as for the classical variables in the Moon libration theory, etc. Constructed tables of the forced librations theory give the amplitudes and periods of librations and combinations of arguments of the orbital motion theory that correspond to libration parameters. The interpretation of basic variations has been given and a comparison with the previous theories has been carried out, in particular with the modern empirical theory constructed based on the laser observation data.     

固体火箭发动机推力向量控制系统动力学计算

针对某固体火箭发动机推力向量控制系统运动中接头内部受力状态复杂且试验难以测量的问题,建立了该系统动力学计算模型,计算了接触数组参数,对该发动机推力向量控制系统进行了多体动力学计算。得到了系统运动规律,接头内滚动体与阴、阳球体间的接触力、摩擦力矩和系统作动力矩。最后通过与理论计算和冷摆试验结果的对比,验证了建模和计算的合理性,得到了更接近实际的结果。