Divisible load scheduling on single-level tree networks with buffer constraints

Scheduling a divisible load on a heterogeneous single-level tree network with processors having finite-size buffers is addressed. We first present the closed-form solutions for the case when the available buffer size at each site is assumed to be infinite. Then we analyze the case when these buffer sizes are of finite size. For the first time in the domain of DLT (divisible load theory) literature, the problem of scheduling with finite-size buffers is addressed. For this case, we present a novel algorithm, referred to as incremental balancing strategy, to obtain an optimal load distribution. Algorithm IBS adopts a strategy to feed the divisible load in a step-by-step incremental balancing fashion by taking advantage of the available closed-form solutions of the optimal scheduling for the case without buffer size constraints. Based on the rigorous mathematical analysis, a number of interesting and useful properties exhibited by the algorithm are proven. We present a very useful discussion on the implications of this problem on the effect of sequencing discussed in the literature. Also, the impact of Rule A, a rule that obtains a reduced optimal network to achieve optimal processing time by eliminating a redundant set of processor-link pairs, is also discussed. Numerical examples are presented.     

卫星通信中的星上交换技术

卫星通信网络发展交换功能是为了适应大容量信息传输的要求。本文介绍了两种应用于卫星通信中的交换技术：卫星异步传输模式(ATM)交换和卫星交换/码分多址(SS／CDMA)。它们各具特色，前者将成熟的ATM交换技术引进卫星交换；而后者是一种新兴的交换概念，为具有交换功能的卫星的最终实用化提供了理论基础。     

Improved sequential MUSIC

MUSIC (multiple signal classification) is one of the most frequently considered methods for source location using sensor arrays. Among the location methods based on one-dimensional search, MUSIC has excellent performance. In fact, no other one-dimensional method that may outperform MUSIC (in large samples) was known to exist. Our goal here is to introduce such a method, called improved sequential MUSIC (IES-MUSIC), which is shown to be strictly more accurate than MUSIC (in large samples). First, a class of sequential MUSIC estimates is introduced, which depend on a scalar-valued user parameter. MUSIC is shown to be a special case of estimate in that class, corresponding to a value of zero for the user parameter. Next, the optimal user parameter value, which minimizes the asymptotic variance of the estimation errors, is derived. IES-MUSIC is the method based on that optimal choice of the user parameter. Simulation results which lend support to the theoretical findings are included     

Multisensor distributed sequential detection

A conceptual generalization of the Wald's sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) to a decentralized environment is presented. The local tests are chosen to be SPRT's, which quantize the temporally independent identically distributed (IID) observations into three levels for transmission to the fusion detector. Spatial independence among the local observations is assumed. The fusion test is also an SPRT. An analysis for the decentralized scheme is developed. Performance comparisons with the centralized and other decentralized schemes are presented     

航空发动机切换实时模型

航空发动机非实时模型具有计算准确的特点,而实时模型由于做了相应的简化,则计算快速。利用实时模型给出非实时模型的计算初值,限制非实时模型的迭代次数,从而将2种模型结合起来,可以实现既快速又准确的实时计算。某单轴涡喷发动机的算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

分组交换与帧中继

结合中国民航自动转报业务使用X．25的情况、布局及应用中存在的问题,介绍分组交换和帧中继的技术特点,并通过分组交换与帧中继的比较,说明帧中继正取代分组交换而成为今后中国民航数据通信网的主要数据交换技术。     

可靠性增长下的Bayes序贯检验方法

针对可靠性增长下的序贯检验分析问题,提出了一种变总体Bayes序贯检验方法.该方法依据产品研制过程中产生的多状态试验数据,利用离散AMSAA(Army Material Systems Analysis Activity)可靠性增长模型对产品可靠性的变化规律进行描述,给出了变总体试验数据似然函数的表达式,并对变总体Bayes序贯检验的后验概率比和决策阈值进行了定义,进而构建了可靠性增长下的Bayes序贯检验模型.研究结果表明,提出的方法有效地解决了具有可靠性增长的可靠性指标的假设检验问题.      

在非英语专业课堂上英语教师的语码转换

基于维索尔伦的语言顺应理论,对非英语专业大学英语课堂中教师的英汉两种语码转换进行了研究。针对非英语专业学生英语学习现状,阐释了英语课堂的英汉语码转换是顺应教学规律、教学任务、教师角色及心理动机的一种教学策略,有利于教学活动的开展,教学任务的完成,课堂纪律的管理以及师生感情的培养。     

Input-Filter Design for Switching Regulators

The interaction between the input filter and the control loop of switching regulators often results in detrimental effects, such as loop instability, transient response, and audio-signal-rejection rate, etc. A small-signal average model is derived to investigate these effects. Design constraints of an input-filter and switching-regulator system are formulated. An optimum low-pass and light-weight filter configuration is proposed.     

一种基于开关次数最小的含零电压矢量永磁同步电机直接转矩控制开关表

介绍了永磁同步电机(PMSM)直接转矩控制(DTC)理论,研究了零电压矢量的作用。基于开关次数最小提出了选择零电压矢量的策略,给出了一种新型含零电压矢量开关表。仿真结果表明使用新型开关表PMSM DTC系统能正常驱动。与传统开关表相比,使用新型开关表DTC系统开关次数降低了近56%,进而降低了开关损耗。     

A General Model for Switching Converters

A low frequency, small signal model, valid for all types of converters, both in the heavy and the light mode of conduction, is developed in block diagram form. The model provides a clear insight into the behavior of such converters and enhances the respective contributions of input and output filters.     

Noise Generation of a Switching Regulator

Analytical and experimental considerations on the surge and noise generated in a typical switching regulator are discussed. There are two kinds of surges which occur in the switching instants of the transistor. These surges appear as high voltages across the semiconductor elements and decrease their reliabilities. Corresponding to the surge generation, noise voltages appear in the output terminals and may induce malfunctions of a signal processing device connected to the regulator. We analyze these surge and noise voltages by means of high-frequency equivalent circuits.     

从金属到复合材料的方便转换

Carbostamp是Soficar开发生产的碳/热塑织物预浸料,具有极佳的生产周期和力学性能的效率比,也为用户提供了一种新的从金属到复合材料方便转换的途径.     

Controlled-Quantity Concept in Small-Signal Analysis of Switching Power Cells

The notion of a controlled quantity of a switching power cell leads to a set of six (characteristic) coefficients containing all the information on the small-signal, low-frequency behavior of any linearizable cell and defining a universal linear equivalent model of the cell. The result is a dramatic simplification of the small-signal analysis and systematization of the cells. As an illustration, three sets of characteristic coefficients of a boost cell are given: operating in heavy mode and with duty ratio, operating with maximum inductor current, and operating with the period of the switching frequency as the controlled quantity.     

Modeling and Design of Switching Regulators

Various building blocks of a switching regulator are described in detail and mathematical models are developed for all building blocks in terms of transfer functions, which enable one to design a switching regulator for stability, desirable bandwidth, line rejection, and transient response. A step-by-step procedure to design compensation is illustrated using two examples. Various networks for compensation and their transfer functions are presented which the author hopes will be very handy to use and will become the reference source.     

Frequency-Domain Analysis of Switching Closed-Loop Regulators

An accurate analysis of a switching voltage regulator power stage is performed by eliminating the mathematical unrigorousness of the averaging technique. The differential equations are solved for the ON and OFF intervals to obtain the exact mean values in function of the values at the beginning and at the end of the intervals. The accurate relation is used for the integral of the derivative forming the left member of some equations. A flyback regulator power stage is analyzed as an example. Some considerations are made concerning the regulator compensation using a two-loop control circuit.     

交换技术的发展和应用

从传统的交换技术出发，讨论了Internet网中的交换技术以及软交换在下一代网络中的应用。     

Large-Signal Transient Responses of a Switching Regulator

Analytical and experimental considerations of the large-signal transient responses of the buck-type switching regulator are described. The dynamic behavior under the large-signal condition is different from the small-signal operation because of the saturation characteristics of the pulsewidth modulator feedback controller. The effect of this nonlinearity is analyzed by dividing its operation into three modes. As a result the peak values of the inrush current and output voltage are obtained analytically both for the start-up and for the step change of the load condition.     

Distributive Demand-Assigned Packet Switching with Trailer Transmissions

In a packet satellite system using ALOHA type random access techniques, channels and on-board processing may be effectively used to provide significant gains in throughput, delay, and bandwidth efficiency. Motivated by this conjecture, a distributive demand-assigned packet broadcast system through a processing satellite with multiple request channels and user buffers is first presented. This scheme is shown to be able to achieve the above goals except, as any other demand type scheme, it also exhibits relatively poor delay performance at low traffic when compared with pure random access schemes. An extended scheme using trailer transmission to improve delay performance at low traffic is then introduced. Two techniques for handling trailer transmissions are studied and compared. Both are shown to provide lower packet delay at light trafric. lay at light traffic.     

Adaptive Input Filter Compensation for Switching Regulators

An input filter is frequently employed between a switching regulator and its power source. However, its presence often results in degradation of dynamic performances and stability. The detrimental interaction is between an input filter and a switching regulator and is a function of the input filter parameters and also of the supply voltage. An earlier paper presented an analysis and design procedure aimed at developing a feed-forward loop to cancel this undesirable interaction. The feed-forward design is extended here to encompass a scheme that automatically accounts for changes in the supply voltage; the result is an adaptive compensation that tracks the input voltage variations. Experimental results are presented that confirm the adaptive nature of the design.