AC/DC converter topologies for the Space Station

A new class of AC/DC converter topologies (Type-1 converters) is described, suitable for use in an advanced single-phase sine-wave voltage, high-frequency power distribution system, of the type that was proposed for a 20 kHz Space Station primary electrical power distribution system. The converter comprises a transformer, a resonant network, a current controller, a diode rectifier, and an output filter. The input AC voltage source is converted into a sinusoidal current source using the resonant network. The output of this current source is rectified by the diode rectifier and is controlled by the current controller. The controlled rectified current is then filtered by the output filter to obtain a constant voltage across the load. Three distinct converter topologies, Type-1A, Type-1B, and Type 1-C, are described, and their performance characteristics are presented. All three types have a close-to-unity rated power factor (greater than 0.98), low total harmonic distortion in input current (less than 5%), and high conversion efficiency (greater than 96%)     

Instrumenting embedded test software in support system integration, factory production, and depot repair

Embedded built-in test (BIT) software typically provides a system-level go/no-go indication and, in the presence of a failure, may provide some level of sub-system isolation. This level of reporting, while meeting the customer's operational requirements, does little to support system integration, production, and repair. To support these other needs, "instrumentation code" is added to the BIT software to provide detailed test data through an external interface. Since the BIT software already accesses the hardware parameters for testing, it becomes the most logical component for the instrumentation. This paper describes the techniques of embedding instrumentation during BIT design and development to support a broad range of program test needs. It explains the costs and benefits associated with the use of instrumentation. It gives specific examples of instrumented software and describes how instrumentation data can be used during environmental tests, factory test, and depot test. The impact instrumentation has on software development time, code size, execution time, and reliability is discussed as well as the cost of retrofitting BIT software to add instrumentation. Some of the benefits as well as the challenges to developing effective embedded instrumentation is also examined.     

A unified approach to the design of decentralized detection systems

A unified approach to the design of decentralized detection networks with arbitrary topologies is proposed and analyzed. In this approach, a decentralized detection system of arbitrary topology is represented by a communication matrix that specifies the interconnection structure of the detection network. This matrix is used to derive the general decision rule using the person-by-person-optimal (PBPO) solution methodology. It is shown that the PBPO decision rule is a likelihood ratio test for statistically independent observations. The threshold of the test is shown to be a function of the decision input vector of the detector under consideration. This unified approach is used to obtain the PBPO decision rules of decentralized detection systems with various topologies. Various results in the literature are verified. In addition, the PBPO decision rules for a decentralized detection system with peer communication are presented. Numerical examples are presented for illustration     

A new deterministic VXI highway interconnect

Programs based upon the VXIbus modular instrumentation standard are playing a significant role in test systems for both defense and commercial applications. Typical single-chassis VXI systems include an embedded computer-based controller as the system host. Multi-chassis systems generally use a parallel bus or a local area network, such as Ethernet, to interconnect the chassis. An important class of multi-chassis test systems requires high I/O throughput, low latency and a highly deterministic I/O response. This paper describes a new highway interconnect system that includes host computer interface options for VMEbus, EISA and PCI bus. A typical system is configured with a host interface, a fiber-optic highway “loop” and slot-0 controllers in the VXI chassis. The system supports up to 126 VXI chassis, an aggregate I/O throughput of 10 megabytes per second, extremely low latency and a highly deterministic I/O response. Typical applications, including jet aircraft engine testing, missile test systems and high-performance wind tunnel data systems are discussed     

开放式FADEC系统的数据总线研究

研究了容错数据总线这个从集中式向开放式架构过渡的关键技术.在深入研究确定性、一致性、开放性、拓扑结构、调度策略、容错机制和传输带宽等开放式FADEC(全权限数字电子控制)数据总线关键特征的基础上,分析了总线数据传输的时间不确定性问题.从性能、可靠性和可用性的角度深入研究了TTP/C(time-triggered protocol/automotive class C),ARINC659,TTCAN(time-triggered controller area network)和FlexRay这4种时间触发架构数据总线的关键特征.研究结果表明:TTP/C总线是开放式FADEC的最佳选择,最后提出了一种基于TTP/C总线的航空发动机模块化DEEC(digital electronic engine controller)硬件架构.      

基于S3C2440的网络隔离器设计与实现

介绍了一种网络隔离器的设计与实现方法。以三星公司的ARM9芯片S3C2440为载体,以SPI（串行外设接口）数据传输为手段,结合自定义数据传输协议,实现了无操作系统的网络数据隔离器。对系统的总体结构、软硬件实现方法进行了详细说明,重点介绍隔离系统的工作原理及内部工作流程,并对数据传输协议的安全性进行了研究。基于本文设计思想研制的网络隔离器,能有效过滤内部网络与外部网络之间传输的非认证数据,确保了内部网络的安全性。     

A design procedure for the phase-controlled parallel-loadedresonant inverter

High-frequency-link power conversion and distribution based on a resonant inverter has been recently proposed. The design of several topologies is reviewed and a simple approximate design procedure is developed for the phase-controlled parallel-loaded resonant inverter. This design procedure seeks to ensure the expected benefits of resonant conversion and is verified by data from a laboratory 2.5 kVA, 20-kHz converter. A simple phasor analysis is introduced as a useful approximation for design purposes. Experimental results show that under transient conditions such as load short-circuit, a reversal of the expected commutation sequence is possible. This should be accounted for in the design of the power circuit, or prevented by the design of the controller     

小球型五孔探针在压气机试验中的应用

气流在叶片机中的实际流动过程极其复杂,必须利用各种测试手段来了解叶片机级间三元流场。本文介绍一种小球型五孔探针测量系统用于压气机级间参数测量的结果。该系统具有一些突出的特点。其一是探针头部尺寸小,对气流的干扰小;其二是数据处理手段先进,探针校准程序及测量结果的处理程序比较成熟。实践证明,其测试结果与常规探针所测得的结果非常接近,重复性较好。由测量结果整理出的压气机性能参数与设计值也比较接近。      

非线性自适应控制理论在无人直升机飞行控制系统设计中的应用

最近，国内外很多研究结果表明，基于神经网络的直接自适应控制方法，在飞行器控制系统设计中有着诸多优点。其中最重要的是它减少了设计对飞机动态特性高保真建模的依赖。这种设计方法在某无人直升机上得以实际飞行验证。本文主要介绍这种非线性自适应控制系统及其外回路航迹跟踪器的设计问题。     

极点配置的H_∞技术在直升机控制器设计中的应用研究

极点配置的 H∞ 设计方法不但能满足系统的 H∞ 性能要求 ,而且能使闭环极点配置在希望的范围内 ,因而使系统具有满意的阻尼比 ,同时也避免了过快的控制器动态对设备产生的冲击。针对直升机 H∞ 控制器设计中遇到的问题 ,如控制器结构的选择、加权矩阵的选择以及如何考虑不确定性等进行了研究。通过对 CH-4 7直升机设计结果的数值仿真 ,表明所设计的系统达到了 ADS-33水平 1的性能要求和鲁棒稳定性要求     

极点配置的H_∞技术在直升机控制器设计中的应用研究

 极点配置的 H∞ 设计方法不但能满足系统的 H∞ 性能要求 ,而且能使闭环极点配置在希望的范围内 ,因而使系统具有满意的阻尼比 ,同时也避免了过快的控制器动态对设备产生的冲击。针对直升机 H∞ 控制器设计中遇到的问题 ,如控制器结构的选择、加权矩阵的选择以及如何考虑不确定性等进行了研究。通过对 CH-4 7直升机设计结果的数值仿真 ,表明所设计的系统达到了 ADS-33水平 1的性能要求和鲁棒稳定性要求     

航空活塞式发动机瞬态空燃比控制仿真研究

针对航空活塞式直喷发动机瞬态空燃比难以精确控制、动态超调大等问题,采用基于改进的粒子群优化算法和Elman神经网络(VPSO-Elman网络)的模型预测控制算法对发动机过渡工况空燃比进行控制。在实验数据的基础上,利用发动机建模软件AMESim建立发动机模型,在MATLAB/Simulink中建立VPSO-Elman空燃比预测模型控制系统,通过联合仿真检验控制系统的性能。结果表明:瞬态工况下,相比于比例-积分-微分（PID）控制,VPSO-Elman网络模型预测控制下的空燃比超调量可以减小约20%,回调时间缩短约75%;针对不同的节气门开度变化速率,VPSO-Elman控制器同样具有良好的控制效果。      

飞行/推进系统自适应神经网络综合控制仿真研究

 提出一种基于发动机喘振裕度自适应的飞行 /推进系统综合控制。在发动机喘振裕度较大的某些飞行条件或飞行包线内,通过调整喷口面积,使发动机喘振裕度保持在一个较小值,既保证发动机稳定工作,又增加发动机推力,从而改善飞机的性能。采用分散控制方案,综合控制系统由 5个控制子系统组成。各控制子系统的设计采用自适应控制和神经网络相结合的方法,所提出的参数和权重的自适应调整律保证系统的稳定性。全包线范围内飞机平飞加速和爬升数字仿真结果表明,该综合控制方法可缩短飞机的平飞加速时间和爬升时间。     

Analysis and tuning of a ‘Total Energy Control System’ control law using eigenstructure assignment

The Total Energy Control System (TECS) is a complete airplane longitudinal dynamics flight control concept for autopilot operational control modes and Fly-By-Wire command augmentation for civil airplanes. Unlike conventional strategies, it facilitates fully integrated control of the airplane elevator and engines. This system, which is based on simple proportional and integral control of the energy states of the airplane, is much easier to design and understand than most conventional airplane controllers.This paper describes why the high visibility of the two input, two output command augmentation structure of TECS is an improvement over current flight control system architectures. Deriving a control law for TECS is currently a heuristic process. However, there is potential for tuning to be done more systematically, and this is examined by using eigenstructure analysis and assignment. To illustrate the concepts, a linear model of the longitudinal dynamics of the Aerospace Technologies Demonstrator (ATD) airplane is used. A heuristically designed TECS controller for this model is first described. The controlled airplane is then analysed using eigenstructure analysis and the results are utilised to produce an improved TECS controller for the ATD model using eigenstructure assignment.     

基于小波神经网络的自适应飞/推控制系统设计

基于小波神经网络提出了一种H∞自适应控制方法。控制器由等效控制器和H∞控制器两部分组成。用小波神经网络逼近非线性函数,并把逼近误差引入到权值的自适应律中用以改善系统的动态性能。H∞控制器用于减弱外部及神经网络的逼近误差对跟踪的影响。所设计的控制器不仅保证了闭环系统的稳定性,而且使外部干扰及神经网络的逼近误差对跟踪的影响减小到给定的性能指标。最后基于所设计的控制方法对新一代歼击机设计了飞/推控制系统,并对飞机作大迎角机动仿真。仿真结果表明所设计的飞/推控制系统是有效的,同时验证了所设计的非线性控制方法是有效性的。      

VXI总线仪器自动计量校准系统的研究

VXI总线仪器由于其性能优越且软，硬件体系具有开放性，在航空，航天，电子通信，交运运输，军事等领域得到广泛的应用。作为一种自动测量设备，VXI总线仪器自身的计量校准也是必要的，不可回避的。本文结合作者的研究课题，阐述了进行VXI总线仪器校准的必要性和特殊性，分析比较了几种VXI总线仪器校准方案，组建了一套自动校准系统，论述了校准软件的结构及软件误差的控制措施，最后展望了VXI总线仪器校准的发展方向。     

Multi-computer VXIbus system set up and use

VXI has matured into a flexible bus architecture with which to develop various types of instrumentation systems. This paper details the multi-computer approach used in the VXI-based system that CACI developed for the Air Force. The system, the Engine Test/Trim Automated System II (ETTAS II) is designed to test: all Air Force jet engines. The paper discusses how to integrate multiple computers in a VXI-based system, including discussions on: setting up the computers; selecting register-based versus message-based computers; setting up and using shared-memory; defining and separating tasks for each computer. The shared memory discussion talks about different ways to structure the shared memory, including setting up a system-level “Current-Value Table” (CVT) for all instruments, as well as how other devices, including another computer can access the shared memory space. The paper shows how Commercial-Off-the-Shelf (COTS) software products NI-VXI, LabVIEW, and NI-VISA (National Instruments) can be used to satisfy all these requirements. The paper shows how the multi-computer approach can be cost-effective in many cases     

Specifying an IVI class for digital test instrumentation

This paper presents an overview of work being done by Teradyne in conjunction with the IVI Foundation to specify an IVI class for digital instrumentation. The Interchangeable Virtual Instruments (IVI) Foundation was formed in August 1997 to define standard specifications for programming common test instrument capabilities. The paper will present the major architectural aspects of digital test instrumentation and how those features can be grouped into classes for the purpose of writing an instrument independent driver. Topics discussed will include derivation of capability classes, class extensions, simulation, and range checking. Examples of how the IVI digital class would apply to the Teradyne M9-Series Digital Test Instrument will be included. Conclusions will summarize the unique attributes of digital test instrumentation, the benefits which can be achieved through standardization, and the tradeoffs associated with utilizing class extensions     

一类非线性系统的反演变结构控制及应用

针对一类非线性系统 ,将其变换为易于设计变结构控制规律的规范型。利用小脑关节神经网络( CMAC)估计系统中的不确定函数 ,利用 CMAC神经网络和多面滑模技术估计出变换后系统的状态 ,最后利用变结构控制技术设计出控制器 ,特点是无需已知不确定性函数及其各阶导数的上界 ,与经典设计方法相比 ,所提出的方案允许非参数化不确定性。最后将此方法应用于空空弹控制系统的设计中 ,仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性     

智能检测技术在靶场测控设备中的应用及前景

综合运用先进的GPS授时技术和数字仿真、虚拟仪器结构、可视化编程等计算机软件技术，构建新一代靶场智能型检测系统，解决对野外分散站点上测控设备进行检测、标校、监控和测控网通信联试等技术问题。着重阐述智能化检测技术在靶场的应用及发展趋势，为技术人员开发测试软件提供参考。