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Vera Martinez 《Acta Astronautica》2009,64(2-3):382-390
The paper describes the main issues for the design of an appropriately planned habitat for tourists in space.Due study and analysis of the environment of space stations (ISS, MIR, Skylab) delineate positive and negative aspects of architectonical design. Analysis of the features of architectonical design for touristic needs and verification of suitability with design for space habitat.Space tourism environment must offer a high degree of comfort and suggest correct behavior of the tourists. This is intended for the single person as well as for the group. Two main aspects of architectural planning will be needed: the design of the private sphere and the design of the public sphere.To define the appearance of environment there should be paid attention to some main elements like the materiality of surfaces used; the main shapes of areas and the degree of flexibility and adaptability of the environment to specific needs. 相似文献
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空间机械臂非完整运动规划的遗传算法研究 总被引:13,自引:3,他引:13
带空间机械臂航天器系统在无外力矩作用时,系统相对于总质心的动量矩守恒而变为非完整系统。由于非完整约束的不可积性,非完整系统的运动规划与控制比一般系统要困难得多。现利用非完整特性研究了自由漂浮空间机械臂的三维姿态运动控制问题。首先导出带空间机械臂的航天器三维姿态运动数学模型,并将系统的控制问题转化为无漂移系统的非完整运动规划问题。在运动规划中,根据最优控制原理和优化理论,提出基于遗传算法的最优运动规划数值算法。通过数值仿真,表明该方法对空间机械臂及航天器三维姿态运动的非完整运动规划是有效的。 相似文献
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Paul B. Larsen 《Space Policy》2000,16(2)
This paper discusses a range of legal issues that need to be considered in planning for a space solar power system. Because objects placed in space are inherently international, the paper primarily looks at international law that affects launching, construction, operation, property rights, the environment, communication and liability. International coordination early in the planning process is urged to make space solar powers systems a reality more speedily. 相似文献
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Several nations are currently engaging in or planning for robotic and human space exploration programs that target the Moon, Mars and near-Earth asteroids. These ambitious plans to build new space infrastructures, transport systems and space probes will require international cooperation if they are to be sustainable and affordable. Partnerships must involve not only established space powers, but also emerging space nations and developing countries; the participation of these new space actors will provide a bottom-up support structure that will aid program continuity, generate more active members in the space community, and increase public awareness of space activities in both developed and developing countries. The integration of many stakeholders into a global space exploration program represents a crucial element securing political and programmatic stability. How can the evolving space community learn to cooperate on a truly international level while engaging emerging space nations and developing countries in a meaningful way? We propose a stepping stone approach toward a global space exploration program, featuring three major elements: (1) an international Earth-based field research program preparing for planetary exploration, (2) enhanced exploitation of the International Space Station (ISS) enabling exploration and (3) a worldwide CubeSat program supporting exploration. An international Earth-based field research program can serve as a truly global exploration testbed that allows both established and new space actors to gain valuable experience by working together to prepare for future planetary exploration missions. Securing greater exploitation of the ISS is a logical step during its prolonged lifetime; ISS experiments, partnerships and legal frameworks are valuable foundations for exploration beyond low Earth orbit. Cooperation involving small, low-cost missions could be a major stride toward exciting and meaningful participation from emerging space nations and developing countries. For each of these three proposed stepping stones, recommendations for coordination mechanisms are presented. 相似文献
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文章从改革开放的大环境出发,说明航天事业单位企业化改造是必然的趋势。通过与现代企业管理体制的比较,从若干不同的侧面指出传统事业管理体制存在着以下一些弊端:即活动的非经济化,主体的国办化,机构的行政化,经费的供给化,资源配置的非社会化,目标的计划化,运行机制的非效率化,管理的非法制化,以及职能范围的扩大化等。航天事业单位要克服这些弊端,必须实行企业化改造,有选择地走向市场,才能实现跨越式发展。 相似文献
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Wolfgang Gilg 《Acta Astronautica》1984,11(1):37-49
(Earth Observation Missions—Requirements and Concepts)—Ten years ago, on 23 July 1972. NASA launched the first satellite specifically designed for Earth observation. With Landsat 1 the importance and attractiveness of remote sensing from space increased worldwide.The paper presents in an overview former remote sensing missions with their applications and the system elements required for gathering Earth observation information. Main elements are the sensors (optical, microwave, and other instruments), the platforms (satellites, space stations, aircraft and Earth based stations) and their orbits.It is shown how these elements are interrelated and which constraints must be considered for planning an Earth observation mission. The feasibility, the amount of hard- and software, the costs, and the performance of a system are decisive for the realization of a satellite concept.Examples for different concepts investigated to date at Dornier System are given; included is the first ESA Remote Sensing Satellite ERS-1, which is now under definition at Dornier System, the main contractor of ESA. 相似文献
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Fabian Eilingsfeld 《Space Policy》1999,15(2):333
This article is a revised and updated version of a paper presented at the 49th International Astronautical Congress, held in Melbourne, Australia from September 28 to October 2, 1998. It presents a methodical approach to the future planning of government space activities. Rather than generating detailed programme plans that are hard to implement in a dynamic environment, the method described herein is rather modelling the priorities of different project alternatives. This is less detailed as the plans that usually result from the classic space planning approach, yet is highly usable as a roadmap for implementation. This approach enables a dynamic planning with inherent learning cycles that can easily be adapted to the dynamic changes which are plaguing today’s space policies. 相似文献
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本文在概述空间机械手无碰撞路径规划问题的特殊性的基础上提出了相应的路径规划策略。依据这些策略,本文描述了一种基于隐式位姿空间分层量化的路径规划划方法,并通过仿真验证了所提出规划策略和规划方法的有效性。 相似文献
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Space robotic systems are expected to play an increasingly important role in future space activities. Nevertheless, dynamics modeling and motion planning of a space robot are much more complex than those of a fixed-base robot, due to the dynamic coupling between the manipulator and its base. On the other hand, in order to assure the success of on-orbital missions, many experiments are required to verify the key algorithms on the ground before the space robot is launched. In this paper, the main research achievements on dynamics modeling, path planning, and ground verification are reviewed, and future studies are recommended. Firstly, we summarize the essential modeling concepts, and deduce the kinematics and dynamics equations of a space robot. Secondly, the main motion planning approaches are discussed. Then, different ground verification systems, including the air-bearing table, neutral buoyancy, airplane flying, free-falling motion, suspension system, and hybrid system, are introduced. Finally, the future research trends are forecasted. 相似文献
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用户在制定卫星观测计划时,需要知道卫星的星下点位置以及遥感器对地扫描区域的信息。通常这些信息是以数值描述的形式发给用户的,不够直观。本文介绍了一种基于WebGIS的卫星观测计划编制系统,介绍了WebGIS在计划编制系统中的应用,并从系统设计、功能、利用WebGIS进行计划策略判断方案等方面进行了深入讨论。 相似文献
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Kyril Serafimov 《Space Policy》1985,1(4):369-378
This article analyses the patterns and trends of small countries' participation in various forms of international space cooperation. The background to formulating a national space programme is discussed, together with considerations in linking national needs, stage of development, resources and capacity with those of the international community. The need for a selective national strategy on space activities is demonstrated: efforts must be concentrated around a few reasonably selected goals, provisions for acquiring information must be maintained, and the space programme must prepare the country for rapid development in all other fields of space research and applications, if world trends require. A brief examination of Bulgaria's space activity is made. A series of advanced space investigations have been undertaken in that country, and space technology transfer and spin-offs have resulted, with valuable benefits for the society and the economy. 相似文献
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针对空间科学、技术、应用各领域试验统筹有限,当前部分核心空间技术攻关过程中面临的机理不清以及空间作为战略制高点对国计民生的拉动力不足等问题,栾恩杰院士2016年首度提出太空试验场的概念,希望通过构建一系列的空间设施,系统地规划并主导后续太空试验任务。文章在调研国内外空间试验现状的基础上,分析空间试验发展趋势,阐述太空试验场的概念——它由空间段、地面段和软环境组成,提出其未来分阶段建设目标和系统服务框架。有关论述可为我国“成体系、分阶段”规划建设空间试验类基础设施,实现“按需求、高效率”的空间试验管理提供决策参考。 相似文献
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企业的技术创新成为企业竞争的一项内容,企业要进行自主创新,必然要进行项目研究与试验,发生一系列的研究与试验成本。但目前我国企业的研究与试验成本控制方面存在一系列的问题。文章从研究与试验成本的时间规划、研究与试验成本项目规划、研究与试验成本的控制手段规划进行展开论述,并提出在规划控制中要注意克服一系列问题。 相似文献
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Christine Specter 《Space Policy》1990,6(2)
One state policy for International Space Year (ISY) is to pay special attention to the needs of developing countries while planning ISY activities. This article provides a historical context for assessing ISY as an opportunity to turn this policy into practice. A survey of experts involved in ISY planning was undertaken and the results include six recommendations for overcoming the obstacles to developing countries' full participation in ISY: (1) funding from international organizations and national foreign assistance agencies must increase substantially; (2) more attention must be given to improving the flow of information and communication about ISY; (3) education and training opportunities must be made available to a wide audience of developing country participants; (4) steps must be taken now to relieve the political and socioeconomic tensions that exist between North and South, particularly as they relate to ISY; (5) inadequacies in infrastructure must be considered; and (6) data-related obstacles must be examined. 相似文献
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A space station orbit design mission is characterized by a long-duration and multi-step decision process. First, the long-duration design process is divided into multiple planning periods, each of which consists of five basic flight segments. Second, each planning period is modeled as a multi-step decision process, and the orbital altitude strategies of different flight segments have interaction effects on each other. Third, a dynamic programming method is used to optimize the total propellant consumption of a planning period while considering interaction effects. The step cost of each decision segment is the propellant for orbital-decay maintenance or lifting altitude, and is calculated by approximate analytical equations and combining a shooting iteration method. The proposed approach is demonstrated for a typical orbit design problem of a space station. The results show that the proposed approach can effectively optimize the design of altitude strategies, and can save considerable propellant consumption for the space station than previous public studies. 相似文献