发动机和羽流对地球同步卫星底部辐射加热的计算研究

地球同步卫星工作过程中法兰底座所受的辐射加热对法兰上的控制开关等零件的安全有重要影响。为此,建立了节点网络法计算发动机和隔热屏对卫星法兰底座及控制开关的辐射加热,比较了发动机、隔热屏和羽流3种辐射源的作用大小,还研究了发动机位置的平移对底部法兰及控制开关辐射加热的影响。研究表明:羽流对法兰和控制开关的辐射热流最小,发动机对法兰和控制开关的辐射热流最大;法兰和控制开关上不同侧面受到的辐射加热很不均匀,面向发动机正面的侧面辐射加热最强,面向发动机头部的侧面辐射最小;发动机向后平移可以显著降低法兰和控制开关上辐射热流的最大值。     

Effect of volatile metabolites of dill, radish and garlic on growth of bacteria

In a model experiment plants were grown in sealed chambers on expanded clay aggregate under the luminance of 150 W/m2 PAR and the temperature of 24 degrees C. Seven bacterial strains under investigation, replicated on nutrient medium surface in Petri dishes, were grown in the atmosphere of cultivated plants. Microbial response was evaluated by the difference between colony size in experiment and in control. In control, bacteria grew in the atmosphere of clean air. To study the effects of volatile metabolites of various plant on microbial growth, the experimental data were compared with the background values defined for each individual experiment. Expanded clay aggregate, luminance, temperature, and sealed chamber (without plants) for the background were the same. Volatile metabolites from 28-days old radish plants have been reliably established to have no effect on the growth of microbes under investigation. Metabolites of 30-days old dill and 50-days old garlic have been established to have reliable bacteriostatic effect on the growth of three bacterial strains. Dill and garlic have been found to have different range of effects of volatile substances on bacterial growth. Volatile metabolites of dill and garlic differed in their effect on the sensitivity spectrum of bacteria. An attempt has been made to describe the obtained data mathematically.     

发动机喷流对飞行器底部流动影响数值模拟

针对发动机燃气喷流对底部流动的影响开展研究。建立冷喷与热喷计算方法,与经典的高压空气尾喷管喷流试验数据进行了对比,验证了本文建立的三维喷流方法的可靠性。对本文选用的飞行器外形采用冷喷与热喷方法开展了对比计算并与飞行试验值进行比较,分析了两种方法结果的差异。采用热喷方法对来流马赫数 2.5 ,不同飞行高度及喷管进口总压开展计算,研究飞行高度及喷管进口总压对发动机喷流及底部流场的影响。结果表明,保持飞行高度、来流马赫数不变,喷管进口总压增加,底部压力系数逐渐提高。燃气质量浓度最大值位于底部空腔的壁面处,且保持一个恒定值。保持喷管进口总压、来流马赫数不变,飞行高度增加,喷流高速区向后移动且中心区最大马赫数增加。在一定飞行高度下,底部压力系数由负转正,即飞行器底部会出现正推力,这对飞行器的射程会产生重要影响,需要提前评估。     

A method of measuring energy of higher than 20 GeV protons with the help of thin (about 0.6 nuclear path lengths) discrete calorimeter

Calorimeters play an important role in cosmic-ray physics and, in particular, in experiments, which are carried out in the atmosphere with balloons and on satellites in space. This paper presents a method of energy measurement for protons (at energy higher than 20 GeV) with the help of a thin discrete calorimeter (using as an example the position-sensitive silicon-tungsten calorimeter of the PAMELA experiment) developed based on the data of simulation by the Monte-Carlo method and on the results of test experiment at an accelerator in charged particle beams. The method is based on measurement of the total released energy and on the criterion of event selection, which characterizes the beginning of particle cascade development in the calorimeter. The influence of insertion of additional parameters on the energy resolution obtained with the help of this method is also studied.     

地球辐射带槽区粒子环境动态变化对中轨卫星辐射效应的影响

中轨卫星运行于地球辐射带槽区,而槽区粒子辐射环境可能存在显著涨落,增加卫星抗辐射设计输入的不确定性.文章利用典型地球辐射带模型,对中轨卫星累积性辐射效应的主要来源进行深入分析,再结合槽区粒子辐射环境动态变化特征,初步量化分析其对中轨卫星遭遇辐射效应的影响.结果表明:槽区粒子辐射环境的动态变化对星表材料及太阳电池辐射损伤...     

固体火箭发动机燃烧不稳定的影响因素分析和最新研究进展

总结和分析了国外对固体火箭发动机中出现的燃烧不稳定问题的理论、数值和实验研究.介绍了国外的研究思路和现状,详细阐述了固体火箭发动机中燃烧不稳定的主要影响因素,以及目前国外公认的不稳定触发机理--声/涡耦合、抑制措施及预测理论方面的进展,总结了有关发展大型分段式固体火箭发动机可能存在燃烧不稳定的相关信息,以期对国内固体火箭发动机在该方面的研究提供一定的参考.     

卫星导航系统功率增强对区域定位服务性能的影响分析

在导航战中,卫星功率增强技术是提高战区军用接收设备抗干扰性能的重要措施。文中以walker 27/3/1 星座为例,以满足战区中心4颗可见卫星的最小定位要求为目标,提出基于最优GDOP值准则和基于最少切换次数准则的两种卫星功率增强策略,从卫星功率增强区域的覆盖性、可用性以及控制的复杂性三个方面,仿真分析并比较了两种卫星功率增强策略下的定位服务性能。仿真结果表明,实施卫星功率增强在保证目标区域具备全时段服务能力的同时,还将对全球10～20%的区域形成部分时段覆盖,基于最优GDOP值准则的卫星功率增强策略和基于最少切换次数准则的卫星功率增强策略分别在GDOP值分布和控制复杂性方面具有优势,鉴于上述两种功率增强策略的特点及存在的不足,本文最后提出了一种折中考虑控制复杂度和服务性能的改进方案。     

电位器质量与产品部件颤抖的关系分析

分析讨论电位器的质量与产品部件发生颤抖的关系,为排除产品故障提供依据。由产品故障的再现试验和对电位器结构及工作环境的分析,认为电阻元件表面粗糙是引起产品部件发生颤抖的主要因素,当电刷在粗糙的电阻元件表面上快速运动时,触点发生弹跳和接触不良,电位器的输出电压发生掉电,导致控制电路发出不正常的控制信号,产品部件随之发生颤抖故障。通过对电位器的质量、工作过程及产品部件运动特点的分析,为排除产品故障提供了理论依据。     

微振动对干涉仪运动机构均匀性的影响分析

外界振动对双角镜摆臂式傅里叶变换干涉仪（下简称干涉仪）运动机构速度均匀性的影响,可以通过干涉仪光程差速度稳定度来定量分析。文章针对空间光谱探测过程中,在轨微振动影响下的干涉仪运动机构可靠性问题,提出了一种更全面的光程差速度均匀性分析方法。该方法将外界激励引起的干涉仪结构响应作为一项影响因素纳入到稳定性的分析中,从而能够更真实地反映干涉仪在轨工作的可靠性,更准确地判断干涉仪能够承受的微振动临界。文章论述的方法为外界激励扰动下机构运动可靠性的判断以及机构控制优化的研究提供了一种思路。     

Effect of geomagnetic field disturbances on the adaptive stress reaction of cosmonauts

Investigations of the effect of geomagnetic activity factors on the cardiac rhythm regulation and arterial pressure of cosmonauts during the expeditions onboard the Soyuz spacecraft, and the MIR and ISS orbital space stations was carried out for various durations of flight in weightlessness and, under control. Groups of cosmonauts were inspected under flight conditions outside the geomagnetic disturbances and in ground preflight conditions, during disturbances without them. The presence of specific effect of geomagnetic disturbances on the system of vegetative regulation of blood circulation of cosmonauts during the flight was demonstrated for the first time. The response of cosmonauts’ cardiac rhythm on the magnetic storm is definitely revealed; however, it depends on the initial functional background and, in particular, on the state of mechanisms of vegetative regulation (the duration of flight and adaptation to it).     

Consequences of collisions of natural cosmic bodies with the Earth’s atmosphere and surface

Possible consequences of collisions of natural cosmic bodies with the Earth’s atmosphere and surface are described. The methodological basis of classification of consequences is the solution of meteor physics equations characterizing the trajectory of a body in the atmosphere, namely, the dependence of the body’s velocity and mass on the flight altitude. The solution depends on two dimensionless parameters characterizing the drag altitude and the role of mass loss by a meteoroid during its motion in the atmosphere. Depending on values of these parameters, the degree of effect on the planetary surface considerably changes. In particular, the conditions of cratering and meteorite fall on the planetary surface are obtained. The results are presented in a simple analytical form. They quite match to the real events considered in the paper. Recommendations are given on further investigations into the important problem of interaction of cosmic bodies with planetary atmospheres.     

不同重力环境下空间机构电机驱动力差异

为了分析空间机构在不同重力环境中的驱动力差异,以单关节机械臂为研究对象,进行不同重力环境下直流电机驱动力差异分析。首先基于拉格朗日方程推导出单关节机械臂的动力学模型,为分析不同重力环境下,负载、摩擦和转速的变化对电机驱动力的影响,通过设计一套基于单关节驱动的机械臂试验装置,进行地面重力环境、地面模拟微重力环境和落塔微重力环境试验。然后基于试验数据详细分析了不同重力环境下空间机构电机驱动电流的差异,并基于试验数据对电机动力学方程中的摩擦参数进行辨识,从而获得基于试验数据修正的机械臂动力学仿真模型,为空间机构动力学设计与应用提供理论与试验依据。     

模拟自由边界对卫星动力学特性的影响

为了研究高精度航天器微振动试验中模拟自由边界附加质量对卫星动力学特性的影响，建立考虑附加质量的卫星地面微振动试验模拟自由边界理论模型，与卫星结构动力学模型仿真结合，分析附加质量对卫星模态频率和频率响应的影响规律。在此基础上，以施加不同附加质量的卫星结构模拟试验件为实验对象，测试验证了附加质量对卫星结构动力学特性的影响。结果表明，附加质量对结构模态频率和频率响应产生明显影响，附加质量越大，对卫星动力学特性影响越大，且对频率响应峰值的影响更加突出。据此，提出附加质量应控制在卫星总质量的5%以内，以避免其在地面微振动试验中给卫星的动力学特性及微振动响应带来严重影响。     

高原发射地空导弹二级发动机点火参数计算

建立了高原条件下地空导弹二级发动机点火参数的计算模型。对地空导弹Ａ型及其改进后的Ｂ型两种导弹进行了，并通过了部队高原条件下的实弹打靶试验。试验的圆满成功雇地研究其它地空导弹高原条件下二级发动机点火性能具有参考价值。     

系统参数对电动力绳系动力学的影响

将电动力绳系(EDT)的主星质量、子星质量、绳系质量以及绳系中的电流视为系统参数,研究这些参数对系统的摆动动力学和轨道动力学的影响。哑铃模型下的电动力绳系摆动动力学方程存在不稳定的周期解,通过Floquet理论来衡量周期解的不稳定程度,从而研究各系统参数对摆动动力学的影响。建立了用春分点轨道元素的形式描述的电动力绳系轨道动力学方程,并以降轨时间来衡量电动力绳系的降轨效率,从而研究系统参数对轨道动力学的影响。运用算例对周期解迁移矩阵的特征值、降轨时间随各系统参数的变化关系进行了仿真,分别得出了各系统参数对系统摆动动力学和轨道动力学的影响。综合本文的仿真结果,并考虑实际发射及空间运行中的其它因素,对电动力绳系的设计和降轨策略提出了建议。     

风场对舱-伞系统着陆姿态影响的仿真研究

风场对舱-伞系统的落点及姿态稳定性存在不可忽略的影响。文章对某型号飞船在几种不同风场条件下的回收过程进行了仿真研究,着重分析了风对返回舱各项参数的影响,所得结论对回收系统设计具有重要的参考价值。     

Origin of informational polymers and the search for non-terran life: protection of the polymeric state of DNA by phosphate minerals

An in-depth analysis of the effects exerted on the DNA backbone by 25 crystal phosphate minerals is reported. Degradation of DNA oligomers was performed with two different reactions: Hydrolysis following Nucleophilic Degradation (HND), initiated by the nucleophilic addition of formamide on both purine and pyrimidine nucleobases, and Hydrolysis following Nucleophilic Substitution (HNS) carried on by water and starting with the removal of a nondegraded base. A complete panel of effects on the phosphoester bonds, from protection to enhanced instability to absence of interference, is described. These effects differ in the different degradation pathways and in different physical-chemical conditions. The relationship between the hardness of the mineral and its protective ability is discussed. In addition to its interest per se, this study was prompted by the observed catalytic abilities of soluble and mineral phosphates (Saladino et al., 2006c) on the synthetic reactions by formamide. The relevance of these observations in the search for nonterran life is discussed.     

双模式化学推进技术发展研究

阐述了卫星双模式推进系统的技术特征、工作原理及应用优势。总结了国内外对双模式推进技术研究的历史发展和研究现状,针对双模式推进系统的未来发展,对双模式推进的关键技术进行了总结和分析,说明了双模式推进技术研究的必要性和重要性。提出了我国双模式推进系统相关的发展策略和途径。在此基础上,根据我国已有的航天器单、双组元推进技术基础和航天任务对寿命、控制精度及工作环境提出了新的要求,并指出了发展双模式推进系统的初步设想。     

白炭黑特性对丁羟衬层力学性能的影响

研究了沉淀法白炭黑在HTPB/TDI衬层中的补强效果及白炭黑的分散性、表面羟基含量和类型、空隙容量等对丁羟衬层力学性能的影响。结果表明,沉淀法白炭黑是HTPB/TDI衬层体系良好的补强填料,补强效果分为物理补强和化学补强两部分,化学补强效果取决于表面孤立态羟基及其相对含量,物理补强效果取决于分散性;白炭黑的空隙容量是综合评定白炭黑在HTPB/TDI衬层中补强效果的有效参数。     

卫星设计寿命影响分析

首先给出了卫星各分系统质量(mass)在整星干重中所占比例的统计数据及设计寿命对分系统的定性影响;重点定量分析了设计寿命对各分系统设计参数及质量的影响,给出诸分系统的质量、质量增加、质量增加率与设计寿命的关系曲线;最后分析并给出卫星干重及总质量与设计寿命的关系,指出设计寿命的延长是以质量增加和成本上升为代价的,应综合考虑设计寿命与成本。