THE CONVECTIVE EFFECT ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL INSTABILITY OF KNbO3 CRYSTALS

Experimentally, it was observed that there were various morphologies of KNbO3 crystals in different regions of the melt of Li2B4O7 and KNbO3 mixture in Pt loop heater. Dendrites grew in the central area of the melt, the diffusive-advective region,in which the temperature gradient is negligible; whereas crystals with smooth sur face were observed in the marginal area, the diffusive-convective region, with large temperature gradient. Based on the solute concentration over the KNbO3 crystal surface examined by electronic probe analysis, it was proved that the combinative effect of buoyancy and surface tension convection induced by temperature gradient enhanced the homogeneity of the solute concentration around KNbO3 crystals and thus their morphological stability.     

NUMERICAL MODELLING OF VELOCITY AND TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTIONS OF THE BUOYANCY CONVECTION EFFECT IN KNbO3 MELT

Numerical modelling of velocity and temperature fields in high-temperature KNbO3 melt of a loop-shaped Pt wire heater is carried out by using the commercial com putational code ANSYS for the mathematical solution of the governing equations.Based on the experimental boundary conditions and the Boussinesq approximation,the numerical modelling of a steady and two-dimensional model is applied to study the process under consideration of the buoyancy-driven convection condition. The result is compared with the previous experimental and theoretical data obtained in our laboratory, and the former is in agreement with the latter. Thus a theoretical guide for reasonable growth conditions is provided by studying in depth the real fluid flow effects in the crystal growth from the melt.     

EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL STUDIES ON VELOCITY FIELD OF BUOYANCY CONVECTION IN KNbO3 MELT

The Schlieren technique coupling with a differential interference microscope was applied to visualize the KNbO3 melt motion in a loop-shaped Pt wire heater. The natural convection in KNbO3 melt was traced by observing the movement of the tiny KNbO3 crystals (～10μm) and the stream velocities of these tracer crystals were measured. In theoretical analysis, the Navier-Stokes equation was solved as a stable field. The general solution for this system of the differential equation was expressed by an approximate power series of azimuth and radius vector. The expression was substituted in the differential equation; a non-trivial solution was obtained exactly.The velocity distribution in the vertical section was obtained which is in qualitative agreement with the experimental result.     

熔盐反应法生长Bi－Pb－Sr－Ca－Cu－O系超导单晶

利用熔盐反应法生长了Ｂｉ－Ｐｂ－Ｓｒ－Ｃａ－Ｃｕ－Ｏ系超导单晶．这种方法容易生长高纯的Ｂｉ２Ｓｒ２ＣｕＯｘ和Ｂｉ２Ｓｒ２ＣａＣｕＯｘ单晶，也已生长了２２１２和２２２３相交生的片状单晶，其中（Ｂｉ，Ｐｂ２Ｓｒ２Ｃａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏｘ相的体积分数约５０％．利用电子衍射图样，ＸＲＤ，ＥＤＡＸ和磁化率的测量对晶体结构、组分和超导电性进行了研究．     

阈值温度,临界能量与航天器带电特性

采用加权求和方法确定不同能量入射电子对应不同次级(二次发射和反向散射)电子产率公式,用来计算航天材料高压带电的阈值温度T~* 和临界能量E~*,得到了与观测数据较为接近的临界带电特性。文中进一步阐明运用T~* 和E~* 两个概念,可以定性解释航天器带电的复杂特性。     

通货膨胀对投资项目经济评价的影响

以第二版《建设项目经济评价方法与参数》为依据，分析了通货膨胀对投资项目经济评价的影响，揭示了通货膨胀对项目经济评价影响的本质以及净观值，内部收益率和投资回收期随通货膨胀率而变动的趋势，提出了在投资项目经济评价中如何考虑通货膨胀对其影响的建议。     

星用抗静电导电膜光电性能评价方法

对卫星表面某些高绝缘材料表面,通过物理气相淀积(PVD)技术进行改性使之满足卫星表面控制充电的要求,是一种极为有效的技术途径。但为了高可靠与长寿命,必须对所制备的膜进行充分和必要的各项性能检验与考核。这包括充电性能、光电性能和膜在各种条件下的稳定性试验。文章就这一系列的试验要求和目的作了讨论。     

用电子显微镜测量微小雾滴尺寸

研究气流中微小雾滴问题时，根据微粒在气流中的响应时间极短这一特征，采用捕捉采样，在电子显微镜下拍照，获得其雾径及尺寸分布。     

模糊综合评判在机械设计中的应用

着重分析了模糊综合评判的方法以及模糊综合评判中权重和隶属度的确定，以滚动轴承为例进行了说明。     

区域公路网建设项目经济评价模型

本文以项目评价理论为基础,以费效分析为主要方法,提出了区域公路网建设项目经济评价的一般原则;建立了以计算机程序为主体的评价模型。并应用此模型初步评价了NT市公路网建设项目,提出了新的方案。从经济分析的角度解决了实际中悬而未决的问题,对投资决策具有较大的参考价值。     

SRB,G86和铝阳极化表面充电性能评价研究

SRB、G86涂层和铝阳极化着(黑)色是卫星表面热控用的材料。在轨道上,它们将直接与空间等离子体环境相接触,因此它们表面积累电荷的性质对是否会由它们引发放电、起弧、击穿等物理效应是至关重要的。为此在综合模拟空间环境下对它们的充电性能进行评价是十分必要的。通过实验评价可以正确了解它们的表面积累电荷的情况及其变化规律,为在工作中恰当的使用或改进提供科学依据。     

军用飞机,发动机战技性能评估研究

飞机、发动机战技性能的评估,无论对于改型论证工作,或者对于新机论证和初步设计都有极其重要的意义。本文介绍了由北航研究发展的飞机/发动机一体化评估系统(简称为AEAS),以及利用AEAS对军用飞机/发动机(涡喷或涡扇发动机)组合方案战技性能评估研究的一些结果。还讨论了利用AEAS具有的优选功能,根据飞机飞行任务和战技性能要求,分别或同时对飞机/发动机系统主要设计变量(如飞机起飞推重比,翼载,机翼外形几何参数和发动机循环参数等)的各种组合进行优选,求得最佳方案的算例。使用AEAS的初步经验表明,计算结果合理,计算精度和所需CPU时间适合于飞机/发动机系统方案论证和初步设计阶段工作的需要。     

自然科学基金管理科学项目成果评价方法研究

针对自然科学基金管理科学项目的特点，对其研究成果的评价原则、方法进行探讨，并设计了将基金项目研究成果划分为三种类型，给予不同权重的成果评价指标体系．     

三维球坐标系下重力波波包非线性传播过程的数值研究

采用全隐欧拉(FICE)格式,对三维球坐标系下重力波波包在中层大气的非线性传播过程进行了数值模拟.模拟结果完整地反映了重力波波包在中层大气的非线性传播过程,并与线性重力波理论进行了定量比较.     

三维球坐标系下重力波波包非线性传播过程听数值研究

采用全隐欧拉（FICE）格式，对三维球坐标系下重力波波包在中层大气的非线性传播过程进行了数值模拟，模拟结果完整地反映了重力波波包在中层大气的非线性传播过程，并与线性重力波理论进行了定量比较。     

神舟3号运行高度上大气密度的变化

神舟3号(SZ-3)大气密度探测器搭载在SZ-3留轨舱上于2002年3月发射入轨,在轨运行期间获得了轨道舱运行高度范围(330-410km)内的大气密度数据.数据分析表明,无明显太阳和地磁扰动时,热层大气密度的主要变化之一是日照和阴影区域之间的涨落变化,最大涨落变化比约为3.0,变化比与太阳和地磁活动程度有关.在2002-04-17和2002-04-19的强地磁扰动时,全球热层大气密度上涨,同时在磁扰峰期探测获得30°N-40°N区域出现密度扰动异常现象.对强地磁扰动在运行轨道高度上大气密度最大涨幅约为60%左右,响应过程在时间上要比地磁扰动过程滞后6-7h,日照和阴影区域中大气密度的响应变化程度明显不同.在太阳活动程度发生变化时,热层大气密度会呈现出明显的正相关变化关系.     

1983年2月3日双带耀斑爆发事件的综合分析

本文在统一模型的考虑下,对1983年2月3日太阳3B级Hα双带耀斑和共生的爆发事件进行了综合分析研究.探讨了其中主要的共生辐射的物理过程和内在联系,并讨论了Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型和微波射电爆发源的非热电子束流对产生Hα双带耀斑和硬X射线爆发所起的重要作用.     

THE SPACE EXPERIMENT OF PROTEIN CRYSTALLIZATION ABOARD THE CHINESE SPACECRAFT SZ-3

Using a new flight hardware, a Chinese mission of space protein crystallization has been performed on the Chinese spacecraft SZ-3 for seven days from March 25 to Apr. 1, 2002. The rate of yielding crystals in the 60 samples is 75%, a little higher than the ground control experiment. Preliminary analysis of the experimental results have shown that among the 16 proteins involved in the mission, about 4 kinds of better diffraction-quality protein crystals were produced in space. At least one kind of protein crystals, i.e. crystals of cytochrome b5 mutant could diffract X ray beyond the highest resolution reported so far. In addition, some rules derived from our numerical studies of the liquid/liquid diffusion protein crystallization were proved by the crystallization of lysozyme as model protein in this space experiment,which also clearly showed the advantages and disadvantages of the gelled protein solution used in microgravity growth of protein crystals. In order to exploit this mission, more diffraction work with the grown crystals and detailed analysis of data to be obtained will be done in the next few months.     

THE SPACE APPLICATION ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE CHINESE UNMANNED SPACECRAFT "SZ-3"

During the 3rd mission of Chinese Unmanned Spacecraft the application sys tem of "SZ-3" (Shenzhou, a divine ship) gets a great success, all its goals are achieved. Many areas of science and breakthrough technology, including earth observation, earth environment monitoring, space material, space life science etc., are carried out in the mission. There are 44 payload instruments totally.All the instruments are working well during the orbit flight and a lot of good results are obtained. Many areas, for example the moderate resolution imag ing spectroradiometer, the solar ultraviolet spectral irradiance monitor and the space protein crystallization facility perform better than required and expected.A brief introduction of the experiments and the achievements of the mission is given in this paper.     

清镇陨石（EH3）中陨硫钙石的REE微量元素及成因意义

本文运用INAA分析了14个清镇陨石中陨硫钙石单矿物颗粒的难熔元素(La、Ce、Sm、Eu、Yb、Lu、Ca、Sc、Hf和Th),挥发性元素(Na、Cr、Zn、Se、Br等)和亲铁元素(Fe、Ni、Co、Ir、Au、As)含量。结果表明陨硫钙石高度富集难熔亲石元素,是顽火辉石陨石中REE的主要载体,携带了约80％的全岩REE总量。相对于HREE,LREE有更大的富集程度,而且早期凝聚的颗粒较晚期凝聚的颗粒更富集REE,同时陨硫钙石富集挥发性元素Se、Br等。清镇陨硫钙石的微量元素特征揭示了它来自于太阳星云的高温凝聚特征和成因。