复连通区域曲线积分与路径无关的充要条件

本文主要给出了复连通区域曲线积分与路径无关的充要条件,同时进一步讨论了当曲线积分与路径相关时,沿不同路径的积分之间的某种关系.     

关于曲线积分教学的几点思考

本文主要阐述对曲线积分教学的几点思考,即数学思想方法在教学中渗透,教育数学在教学中应用,激发探讨数学概念的兴趣,利用几何直观揭示两类曲线积分概念间的关系,加深学生对曲线积分的理解。     

一种利用动态模量主曲线估算抗拉强度主曲线的方法

为获得抗拉强度主曲线,基于动态储能模量主曲线、应力松弛模量主曲线和Griffith方程,建立了固体推进剂动态和静态单向拉伸力学性能之间量化关系,即考虑温度折算后,推进剂抗拉强度之比等于动态模量相应变换后的均方根之比。依据这种关系,可从动态模量主曲线估算出推进剂在任意温度和拉速下的应力值,进而绘制成抗拉强度主曲线。将计算值与实测值进行对比,结果较一致。利用所得抗拉强度主曲线,可推广用于评估推进剂药柱是否具备承受点火冲击的力学性能。     

曲线合成孔径雷达最佳孔径研究

基于曲线合成孔径雷达原理与空间几何关系，讨论了曲线合成孔径雷达信号模型与成像方法，推导出目标的一维信号模型、二维信号模型，并将其扩展到了三维信号模型。考虑到不同的曲线孔径形状将对方位分辨率和高度分辨率有不同影响，详细研究了各种不同形状的曲线孔径，分析和对比了各种形状的孔径，给出了各自的优缺点和适用条件。结论是上下、左右对称的孔径形状较不对称的效果更优，L型孔径将导致很高的旁瓣。仿真实验可以对真实飞行航迹起指导作用。     

基于活动标架对Gosper曲线的研究

基于活动标架定义离散曲率^[1-3],并借此研究了Peano-Gosper分形曲线,得出一种新的生成Peano-Gosper空间填充曲线算法。通过建立曲线弯曲点位置号码与弯曲点曲率的映射,对于任意正整数n,能够输出对应弯曲点的曲率并画出相应弯曲点图象结构。相比于传统生成Peano-Gosper分形曲线的方法,本文算法减少迭代次数提高效率。     

HTPB推进剂裂纹起裂J积分研究

为研究HTPB推进剂的裂纹起裂特性,建立了一种由单试件计算推进剂J积分和JV积分的方法,开展了HTPB推进剂松弛试验和含I型裂纹平板试件J积分试验,标定了试件的裂纹构型因子,得到了推进剂的载荷-虚位移曲线以及裂纹起裂J积分和JV积分值。结果表明,文中建立的方法能够很好地计算推进剂的裂纹起裂J积分和JV积分值,推进剂的J积分和JV积分具有明显的率相关性,随着加载速率的增加,其值也变大,且加载速率对JV积分的影响比对J积分的影响要大得多。     

回流焊温度曲线热容研究

本文全面的分析了回流焊温度曲线在回流焊工艺中的作用,回流焊工艺的工艺特点、影响回流焊温度曲线的各种因素.如何从热容的思想建立回流焊温度曲线的方法?如何调整温度曲线通过控制温度曲线改善工艺过程,减少回流焊工艺的缺陷?     

图像加密方法研究

本文提出了一种图像加密方法。把扰乱像素地址法与椭圆曲线密码体制相结合，既保留了椭圆曲线密码体制的优越性，又具有加密速度快的特点。     

回流焊温度曲线热容研究

本文全面的分析了回流焊温度曲线在回流焊工艺中的作用，回流焊工艺的工艺特点、影响回流焊温度曲线的各种因素。如何从热容的思想建立回流焊温度曲线的方法？如何调整温度曲线通过控制温度曲线改善工艺过程，减少回流焊工艺的缺陷？     

航天器环绕小行星Ivar的运动分析

将小行星Ivar近似为三轴椭球体，给出了非球形引力势函数，建立了航天器环绕小行星Ivar的轨道动力学方程。利用Jacobi积分常数绘制了航天器在Ivar周围的零速度曲线，并分析了航天器的可能运动区域，给出了航天器不碰撞小行星Ivar的边界条件及不同偏心率下的近拱点半径。分析了小行星Ivar扁率和椭率对环绕轨道的影响，数学仿真结果表明：在一个轨道周期内，顺行轨道的开普勒能量、轨道角动量、偏心率和近拱点半径变化较大，而逆行轨道的相应参数变化较小。     

空间环境对无线电波传播的影响综述

文章研究了空间环境对无线电通信的影响,主要体现在多种因素制约下的等离子体环境对电波传播的影响。首先介绍了几种典型的电离层模型,接着详细讲述了工程实用电离层模型;随后给出了电磁波在等离子体环境中的传播路径和等离子体介质在磁场环境下对电磁波影响的定量分析,并建议将空间等离子体环境（包括星际等离子体环境和电离层等离子体环境等）作为一个整体进行研究,来考虑地磁场对等离子体电磁特性的影响;最后基于目前理论的不足与实际需求的矛盾,探讨未来的研究方向。     

拦截大气层内机动目标的自适应积分滑模制导律

针对大气层内机动目标拦截的末制导问题,提出了一种自适应积分滑模制导律。基于抑制弹目视线旋转的原则,设计了一种视线转率收敛速率可调的跟踪剖面,选取跟踪误差与其积分为状态变量,采用状态有限时间收敛的积分滑模面与快速趋近律推导得到了积分滑模制导律。为了处理未知的目标机动项,提出了一种自适应算法,对目标机动项上界的平方进行估计,构成了自适应积分滑模制导律,并证明了其有限时间收敛的特性,给出了各状态变量的收敛域。最后,将制导律转换成适用于大气层内拦截的形式。仿真结果表明,所提制导律能够精确拦截机动目标,剖面跟踪误差收敛速度快,过载分布均匀,能量消耗少,并具有良好的噪声特性,易于工程实现。     

Detour Strategies in Humans: Testing the Predictions of a Cognitive Map Model

In this paper, we test the predictions of a model developed by Voicu and Schmajuk (2002) in a paradigm that consists of placing an obstacle on a path between a start place and a goal after that path has been experienced by human participants several times. The model predicts that more experience with the path increases the likelihood of the participants performing a detour, e.g., circumventing the obstacle and resuming the original path, and decreases the probability of taking a shortcut to the goal. This prediction is tested in humans in a computed-simulated virtual environment. The experimental results agree with the prediction of the model for the case in which subjects have a limited view of the environment. In the case where they have an unrestricted view of the environment, they are more likely to move directly to the goal irrespective of the experience with the path between the two places.     

Influence of estimation errors on wayfinding-decisions in unknown street networks – analyzing the least-angle strategy

The least-angle strategy is a common wayfinding method that can be applied in unknown environments if the target direction is known. The strategy is based on the navigator's heuristic to select the street segment at an intersection which is most in line with the target direction. To use this strategy, the navigator needs to know the angles between the target direction and the street segments leading out from the intersection. If the direct view to the target is blocked and the target vector cannot be perceived, the target direction that is needed for the decision process is based on the agent's believed position and orientation (estimated through path integration). The agent's believed position and target direction are distorted by human errors in estimation of distances and directions, mainly affecting the path integration process. In this paper we examine how human estimation errors of distance and rotation influence the decision behavior in the wayfinding process in an unknown street environment. To demonstrate the geometrical consequences for a specific test case, we use a simulated software agent which navigates in a simulated street environment.     

Path Integration During a Neighborhood Walk

In three experiments, we contrast two accounts of path integration processes that track direction and distance of movement. Moment-to-moment updating involves the continuous sensing of motion; automatic calculations constantly produce an estimate of position and orientation of self to an anchor point for travel. In contrast, configural updating can be accomplished using episodic memories; a representation of the traveled path is periodically revised and the bearing to the origin of a route can be estimated by connecting the endpoint of the current leg to the starting point of the first leg. Experiments 1 and 3 indicate that people encode the number and direction of turns but have difficulty configuring more gradually curved legs. In Experiment 2, we find that blindfolded people show better than chance performance in estimating the origin of outdoor routes when they are unexpectedly asked to point. It appears that, in addition to episodic memories that allow configural updating, we have available a moment-to-moment representation of our position and heading based on the cues that accompany self-movement.     

Path visualization: a method for objective measurement of spatial visualization

ABSTRACT

The ability to mentally represent spatial information is a fundamental cognitive process. To many people, this process feels a bit like visual perception, hence the term ‘spatial visualization’. In this paper, we describe a method for measuring the accuracy of spatial visualization, specifically visualization of a complex path in imaginary space. A critical feature of this method (called Path Visualization) is that it relies on the detection of intersections in a visualized path. Intersection detection is an inherently spatial task that requires a spatial representation. In this paper, we show how the Path Visualization method works, and how it can be customized to address several key research issues in human spatial cognition.     

Two-frequency radio occultation measurements with Venera-9 and Venera-10 orbiters

The experiment with two-frequency radio occultation measurements of the Venusian nightside ionosphere using the Venera-9 and 10 orbiters is described. The experiment is the first of a kind in which the radio link to one of the spacecraft is used to probe the ionosphere, while the other is measuring the variations in the integral electron number density along the path of radio ray propagation. The experiment has been designed to achieve the maximum possible accuracies in determining the parameters of the probed ionosphere using the bistatic two-frequency radio occultation method.     

基于轨迹规划的自由漂浮空间机器人抓取运动物体的研究

针对空间机器人非完整性和冗余性，对笛卡空间下的轨迹规划问题进行了研究。在此基础上，分析了空间机器人抓取运动物体的策略，提出了基于轨迹规划的空间机器人路径规划方法，并以三自由度空间机器人为例，对空间机器人抓取运动目标体的问题进行了研究，该方法是开环控制方法，但由于在进行轨迹跟踪过程中，误差不累积，得到的实际曲线与理论曲线相近，误差达到了规定的范围。     

Variation of the orbital elements for parabolic trajectories due to a small impulse using Gauss equations

Firstly we derive Gauss’ perturbation equation for parabolic motion using Murray–Dermott and Kovalevsky procedures. Secondly, we easily deduce the variations of the orbital elements for the parabolic trajectories due to a small impulse at any point along the path and at the vertex of the parabola.     

月壤含水特性原位快速预判传感器设计与验证

基于月壤和水冰对不同谱段近红外激光存在吸收/反射差异性的特点,提出了采用多模近红外激光光强差异反演月壤含水特性的水冰原位快速预判方法。通过发射/接收光路同轴设计及多模激光光路分时复用设计,实现了多模激光光学系统轻小型化设计,研制出基于多模近红外激光的月壤水冰原位快速预判传感器工程样机,并开展了针对低含水率极区模拟月壤的含水特性原位预判试验。试验结果表明：该传感器水冰检测限可达0.39%,单次预判时间可优于1 s,光斑直径@检测距离为5 cm@500 mm,传感器具备对地面模拟月壤含水特性进行原位快速预判的能力。