原位反应合成Nb掺杂Al2O3/TiAl复合材料的显微结构分析

利用Al-Ti-TiO2体系原位反应合成了Nb掺杂Al2O3／TiAl复合材料。借助XRD和SEM研究了Nb掺杂Al2O3／TiAl的显微结构以及Nb引入量对复合材料显微结构的影响。结果表明，复合材料由TiAl、Ti3Al、Al2O3、Nb和NbAl3相构成，细小Al2O3颗粒分布于基体晶粒交界处，存在一定的团聚；Nb元素引入量的高低，可调节产物中TiAl和Ti3Al的相对含量，随Nb含量的增大，TiAl含量逐渐减少，Ti3Al则逐渐增大；同时，基体晶粒和Al2O3颗粒均有所细化，且分布逐渐均匀，材料的均匀性得到改善。     

Fe_2O_3掺杂原位合成Al_2O_3/TiAl复合材料的组织与性能

利用Ti-Al-TiO2-Fe2O3体系的放热反应,原位热压合成了Fe掺杂的Al2O3/TiAl复合材料。借助XRD和SEM研究了复合材料的物相组成和显微结构以及Fe2O3引入量对复合材料结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明:产物主要由γ-TiAl,α2-Ti3Al,Al2O3相构成,Al2O3颗粒分布于基体交界处,存在一定的团聚;随Fe2O3的掺杂量增大,Al2O3颗粒呈细小弥散分布,同时基体晶粒尺寸也减小,较好地改善了材料的力学性能,复合材料的相对密度和洛氏硬度逐渐增大。Fe2O3掺杂量为0.84%(质量分数)时,复合材料弯曲强度和断裂韧度达到最大值,分别为624MPa和6.63 MPa·m1/2。     

Al_2O_3/TiAl 复合材料的原位合成、结构与性能研究(英文)

以 Ti, Al, TiO2和 Nb2O5混合粉为原料,采用热压反应合成技术制备了 Al2O3/TiAl 复合材料。对复合材料的微观组织与力学性能进行了研究。结果表明:产物由γ-TiAl, α2-Ti3Al, Al2O3和 NbAl3相组成。原位反应形成的细小 Al2O3粒子主要分布在基体晶界处。随着 Nb2O5含量的增加,晶粒明显细化,Al2O3粒子呈弥散分布在基体中。最终形成了由γ和γ α2构成的特殊组织。随着 Nb2O5含量的增大,复合材料的硬度逐渐增大,抗弯强度和断裂韧性在 Nb2O5含量为 6 wt%时达到最大,分别为 398.5 MPa 和 6.99 MPa·m1/2。     

Ho_2O_3掺杂对原位合成HoAl-Al_2O_3/TiAl复合材料显微组织及性能的影响

采用固态置换反应原位合成工艺,利用Al—Ti—TiO2-Ho2O3体系的放热反应合成了HoAl-Al2O3／TiAl复合材料。利用XRD和SEM分析了Ho2O3掺：枭对原位合成HoAl,Al2O3颗粒强化钛铝基复合材料显微组织的影响,探讨了稀土氧化物（Ho2O3）的细化机制。测试了力学性能。结果表明：Al—Ti—TiO2-Ho2O3系原位合成的HoAl-Al2O3／TiAl复合材料由TiAl,Ti3Al,Al2O3以及HoAl相组成;HoAl金属间化合物弥散分布于基体晶粒和Al2O3颗粒交界处,限制颗粒长大,细化基体晶粒与Al2O3,颗粒,同时提高了HoAl,Al2O3颗粒在基体中的分散度;Ho2O3的引入改善了复合材料的力学性能。     

Al-TiO2-C系原位合成铝基复合材料高温拉伸性能及断裂机理

讨论了Al-TiO2-C反应系原位反应合成铝基复合材料的常温和高温拉伸性能及其断裂机理.当C/TiO2摩尔比为0时,增强相由α-Al2O3和Al3Ti组成,随C/TiO2摩尔比的增加,Al3Ti逐渐减少,在C/TiO2摩尔比为1时,Al3Ti基本消失.室温抗拉强度和延伸率随C/TiO2摩尔比的增加而同步提高,分别由250.4 MPa和4.0%上升到350.8 MPa和6.0%.SEM观察发现有的Al3Ti自身解理开裂,并在四周形成较大韧窝,拉伸时裂纹核可在Al3Ti棒中和基体中α-Al2O3的聚集处形成,并分别在棒的解理面和基体中扩展引起断裂.高温时,热错配应力促使裂纹核先于基体在Al3Ti棒与基体的界面萌生扩展,Al3Ti从基体中脱离,断口出现洞坑,C/TiO2摩尔比为1的复合材料在727K时,拉伸强度降为93.3MPa,延伸率升为11.0%.     

PAXD法制备TiB/TiAl基复合材料及其力学性能研究

利用Al-Ti-B体系的放热反应,通过压力辅助放热弥散法(PAXD),原位合成了TiB/TiAl基复合材料.借助XRD,SEM分析了TiB/TiAl复合材料微观组织及并测试了其力学性能,探讨了TiB增强增韧TiAl金属间化合物的机制.研究结果表明:其增强相为TiB,基体相为TiAl和Ti3Al.TiB增强体主要以颗粒状、板状及细棒状均匀分布在基体中,其尺寸范围为亚微米级.复合材料的弯曲强度及断裂韧度较二元的TiAl金属间化合物有很大的提高.原位合成TiB/TiAl复合材料主要强化机制有:弥散强化、热膨胀合理失配强化机制、晶须(晶棒)强化.     

高能球磨及热压合成Al_2O_3/Ti_3AlC_2复合材料显微机理分析

以Ti,Al和活性炭粉为主要原料,利用高能球磨及热压烧结工艺在1200℃合成Al2O3/Ti3AlC2复合材料,复合材料是在Ti3AlC2层状材料的制备过程中同时被合成。研究了在Ti-Al-C体系中,烧结温度对反应产物的影响,并重点分析了反应机理及材料微观结构对性能的影响。结果表明:通过高能球磨使的Ti3AlC2的烧结温度降低,在1200℃热压烧结时得到了物相比较均匀的、致密的Al2O3/Ti3AlC2复合材料;通过XRD,DSC和SEM测试,分析了Al2O3/Ti3AlC2复合材料的相组成及显微结构,发现Al2O3以颗粒形式均匀地分布在Ti3AlC2基体中,起到弥散增强的效果,并通过阻碍Ti3AlC2表面微裂纹的扩展使裂纹在断裂扩展过程中中断,起到微裂纹增韧效果,大大提高了复合材料的力学性能。     

Y2O3掺杂对原位合成TiB/TiAl复合材料显微组织与性能的影响

借助于XRD,SEM分析及力学性能测试,分析了Y2O3掺杂对原位合成TiB/TiAl复合材料显微组织与力学性能的影响.研究表明:Ti-Al-B-Y2O3,体系反应产物的相组成基体为Ti3Al和TiAl相,增强相为TiB,并有微量的Al2O3,YAl3(BO3).相生成.Y2O3的引入,改变了基体TiAl相和Ti,Al相相对含量,生成的YAl3(BO3)4为陶瓷相,其微细、均匀地扩散到基体内部,可细化晶粒.力学性能测试表明,Y2O3的引入能有效改善复合材料的力学性能.     

熔铝氧化渗透合成SiCp/Al2O3-Al复合材料的微观结构分析

以低成本的熔铝氧化渗透合成新方法制备了SiCp/Al2O3-Al复合材料.借助X光电子谱(XPS)、光学金相显微镜、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等手段研究了该种复合材料的微观结构,并分析了影响微观结构的主要因素及其影响规律.结果表明,Al2O3和Al作为复合材料基体呈双连续分布,它们各自的含量可在较大范围内受SiC颗粒的粒度所控制.在熔铝氧化渗透合成的SiCp/Al2O3-Al复合材料中,各组成相之间无界面反应,也无晶间相,Al2O3在SiC颗粒表面二次形核并直接生长的现象普遍存在,并由此形成了具有良好物理冶金结合的Al2O3-SiC一体化陶瓷骨架.     

Ti-Al-TiO2系的热压合成及反应过程研究

利用Ti-Al-TiO2系的放热反应,以原位合成和联合引入Al2O3颗粒的思路经热压合成了TiAl基复合材料。借助DTA研究了Ti-Al-TiO2系的反应过程,并采用XRD、SEM等检测手段表征了产物的相组成及微观结构。结果表明:Ti-Al-TiO2系的反应始于Al的熔化,首先发生了Ti和Al的化合反应最早生成了TiAl3;继而引发了Al和TiO2的还原反应,释放出大量热量;最后非稳定态TiAl3与Ti结合经竞争扩散反应,生成稳定态的TiAl和Ti3Al。产物由TiAl、Ti3Al和Al2O3三种物相组成,Al2O3颗粒分布于基体交界处,存在一定的团聚。Al2O3的引入,使得基体晶粒尺寸变小,但脆性相含量增多。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。