Cryptographic Digital Communication

This paper reviews the fundamentals of cryptographic digital systems and defines and discusses the two basic types of ciphers. The remainder of this article examines the word and bit error rates in digital al communication systems with block or stream ciphers. Upper bounds and ensemble averages of the error rates are obtained for both ciphers. The effect of modulation type on the degradation in communication system performance caused by the addition of cryptography is analyzed. A comparison is made between block and stream ciphers with respect to their effects on degradation.     

校正训练算法在半连续HMM中的应用

隐马尔柯夫模型用最大似然准则训练的结果，能保证训练过程的最佳，但却不能保证识别过程的最佳，从识别时的最小误识率出发导出的各种准则之下的训练方法，能有效地提高系统的性能。本文将校正训练（CT）算法应用于半连续隐马尔柯夫模型（SCHMM）的训练过程，给出了算法的具体实现步骤，同时对于所需的易混集的建立方法，采用一种适于中小词表系统的动态构造方法来实现。     

Analysis of the Integrity of the Microwave Landing System (MLS) Data Eu nctions

The microwave landing system (MLS) transmits angle, data, andrange information for use by airborne receivers. In this paper, theintegrity of the data functions is analyzed in terms of the probabilityof undetected errors remaining in the data. The data format andintegrity requirements were derived from the MLS standards andguidance material defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Results show that the performancerequirements can be met by: 1) averaging the received data bits ofseveral samples of the same word using a majority voting;2) reducing the bit error rate at the output of the receiver'sdecoder; and 3) a combination of the above techniques.     

Execute Command in Space Communications

Two types of feedback systems for a command channel are described. a) Complex Feedback?where, for each command, an identification is relayed back over the feedback channel. b) Decision Feedback?where the feedback channel is used only to state whether the satellite recognized the transmission as a command word. For a), the decision as to whether a command was properly received at the satellite is made on the ground, while for b), the decision is made at the satellite, the only purpose of the feedback channel being to cause the ground station to retransmit the command word if the satellite did not recognize the initial transmission. The decision feedback system then amounts to a one-way channel, since the satellite makes a decision after the initial transmission as to whether or not a command word was sent. If the transmitted command word is interpreted as a command, whether correct or not, the ground station has no further control. The following theorem is proved rigorously: ``It is always possible to specify a decision feedback system which gives the same error performance as a given complex feedback system.'     

On Signal and Noise Level Estimation in a Coherent PCM Channel

Joint maximum likelihood estimators are presented for the signal amplitude and noise power density in a coherent PCM channel with white Gaussian noise and a correlation receiver. The estimates are based upon the correlation coefficient outputs of the receiver. From these estimators, an estimator for the quantity (received signal energy)/bit/,(noise power)/(unit bandwidth) upon which the error probabilities depend, is derived. This estimator is shown to be useful as 1) a point estimator for the signal-to-noise ratio for the higher values of this ratio (about 4 dB or greater), and 2) an easily calculated statistic upon which to base data acceptance or rejection criteria. The acceptance or rejection levels are obtained by the use of confidence interval curves in conjunction with word error probability data.     

冲压发动机连续可调喷管模糊控制研究

为了提高几何可调冲压发动机尾喷管控制性能,针对具有静差与动态不对称特性的连续可调喷管作动系统,采用模糊控制算法进行控制器设计,并利用自适应遗传算法进行控制器参数优化,最后将模糊控制系统与PID控制系统进行性能对比。结果表明,相较于常规模糊控制系统,优化后的模糊控制系统消除了稳态误差,减小了大小喉径在调节时间上的差异,鲁棒性较强。相较于优化后的PID控制系统,优化后的模糊控制系统在保证无稳态误差的基础上,具有更短的调节时间与更小的超调量,跟踪信号时具有更小的误差包络,优化后的模糊比PID控制系统性能提高2.6倍。总之,基于自适应遗传算法优化的连续可调喷管模糊控制系统比PID控制系统性能更高,能够满足高动态几何可调冲压发动机提出的响应快、调节精准、超调小的要求。     

Noise Angle Accuracy of Several Monopulse Architectures

Rigorous analysis of four monopulse radar architectures has been conducted to develop the practical angle-tracking accuracy of the systems due to noise. The word ?practical? is used to imply that the systems may have range gates of arbitrary duration and may transmit pulses with arbitrarily shaped envelopes. The accuracy measure used is the mean-squared error (variance) in angle tracking. The four systems considered differ from each other according to the locations of the range gates and ?matched filters? in their architectures.     

MEMS陀螺仪的高精度标定方法

为了提高微机电(MEMS)陀螺仪的测量精度，研究了一种同时标定陀螺非正交误差和加速度敏感漂移误差的标定方法。设计了16位置的转台标定方案，分别以地球自转角速率和重力加速度作为角速率和加速度激励源，利用两组角速率数据迭代求解非正交误差和加速度敏感漂移误差，并以陀螺仪对地球自转角速率的敏感误差作为校正效果的评估依据。试验结果表明，该方法能够有效校正MEMS陀螺仪的非正交误差和加速度敏感漂移误差，提高了陀螺仪的测量精度，且易于工程实现。     

Comments on "The Psi-Angle Error Equation in Straplown Inertial Navigation Systems"

The negative sign on the psi-angle differential equation for strapdow inertial navigation error analysis discussed by Weinreb and Bar-ltzhack is not due to differences in error propagation between gimbaled and strapdown systems, but to the definition of strapdown gyro drift rate given by them. If a consistent definition of gyro drift rate for gimbaled and strapdown systems error analysis is used, the sign change does not occur.     

Cross-layer design of LT codes and LDPC codes for satellite multimedia broadcast/multicast services

According to large coverage of satellites, there are various channel states in a satellite broadcasting network. In order to introduce an efficient rateless transmission method to satellite multimedia broadcasting/multicast services with finite-length packets, a cross-layer packet transmission method is proposed with Luby transform （LT） codes for efficiency in the network layer and low density parity check （LDPC） codes for reliability in the physical layer jointly. The codewords generated from an LT encoder are divided into finite-length packets, which are encoded by an LDPC encoder subsequently. Based on noise and fading effects of satellite channels, the LT packets received from an LDPC decoder either have no error or are marked as erased, which can be mod- eled as a binary erasure channels （BECs）. By theoretical analysis on LT parameters and LDPC parameters, the relationships between LDPC code rates in the physical layer and LT codes word lengths in the network layer are investigated. With tradeoffs between the LT codes word lengths and the LDPC code rates, optimized cross-layer solutions are achieved with a binary search algorithm. Verified by simulations, the proposed solution for cross-layer parameters design can provide the best transmission mode according to satellite states, so as to improve throughput performance for satellite multimedia transmission.     

陀螺RRW在惯导系统中的误差传播特性

角速率随机游走是高精度光纤陀螺的一项主要随机误差源,对惯性导航系统的误差有着较大影响。分析了角速率随机游走的统计特性,推导了角速率随机游走引起的惯性导航系统姿态、位置误差的解析表达式,研究了静基座环境下的惯性导航系统在长时间导航环境下的随机误差传播规律,对角速率随机游走作用下的惯性导航系统误差进行了仿真与实验,验证了所推导公式的正确性,对惯性导航系统的设计与误差分析具有一定的参考意义。     

Inertial System Platform Rotation

Differential error equations are derived for the navigation errors of a local level undamped pure inertial platform that continuously rotates in azimuth. From these, the time response equations for the vector position error produced by a constant level gyro drift error, as a function of platform rotation rate, are computed and evaluated. It is shown that platform rotation attenuates the system position error due to level gyro bias and that this attenuation is a nonlinear function of rotation rate.     

基于滤波器方法的非线性系统故障诊断准确率的机理分析

提高诊断准确率是非线性系统故障诊断的重要目标之一。从非线性滤波的角度,系统地分析了线性化误差和模型误差对诊断准确率的影响。首先揭示了线性化误差及模型误差两因素对非线性滤波性能的影响机理,接着通过计算非线性系统故障的后验条件熵,以及错误率的Bhattacharyya上界,从机理上证实提高非线性滤波精度对于提高故障诊断准确率的意义。     

IEEE 802.11安全算法WEP

有线等价协议WEP是在IEEE802．1l标准中采用的信息保密机制，它主要用于保障无线局域网络中链路层信息数据的保密。对WEP的工作机理进行了分析，重点对其安全性能进行了研究，并发现WEP不能对无线局域网中的数据提供可靠的保护。最后，提出了对WEP进行改进的建议。     

北斗接收机伪距与伪距率的计算及其误差补偿

接收机伪距与伪距率的计算和误差补偿是进行北斗系统应用开发的关键之一。本文利用北斗卫星播发的星历等导航电文数据,计算得到北斗卫星位置与速度等信息,对接收机伪距误差补偿,并计算得到伪距率。利用卫星的位置、速度,得到伪距和伪距率的误差值,验证了伪距和伪距率的有效性。     

基于双频激光干涉仪的角速率检测系统精度分析

为了能够精确检测到测试转台在低速运行下的角速率,设计了一种基于双频激光干涉仪的角速率精度检测系统.首先,对本检测系统各项误差进行机理分析.然后,综合各项误差项建立总体相对误差模型.最终,通过仿真分析得到各个误差因子对相对误差项的影响,为保证检测系统相对精度提供理论依据,能够满足对高精度惯性器件测试转台低速段0.0001(°)/s~1(°)/s速率检测要求.     

半球谐振陀螺仪谐振子品质因数不均匀引起的误差分析

 半球谐振子的品质因数不均匀性是造成陀螺仪输出误差的一个主要误差源,所以研究在参数激励以及位置激励两种模式下,谐振子品质因数不均匀对于陀螺仪输出误差的影响具有一定的理论意义。在引入半球谐振子的环形振动模型的基础上,首先考虑参数激励方式下,品质因数不均匀引起的进动角速率误差的表达式,仿真分析了不均匀性四次谐波对陀螺仪漂移角度的贡献,结果表明漂移角度为具有趋势项的振动曲线。然后在位置激励方式下,通过开环和闭环两种模式分别研究了品质因数不均匀的四次谐波对于输入角速率解算的影响,得出了当位置激励对准固有韧性轴时,解算的误差能够得到抑制的结论。总之,在两种激励方式下,品质因数的四次谐波分量都会导致陀螺仪出现输出误差。     

流量现场校准装置测量误差分析及修正

从流量现场校准装置的结构和测量方法入手,对校准装置的测量误差进行了分析,并根据分析结果对校准装置的测量结果进行了误差修正。通过试验对修正结果进行了验证。验证结果表明,通过测量误差的修正,校准装置的流量测量相对误差可以满足系统设计指标的要求。     

Spread-Spectrum Signaling for Distributed Fiber Optic Systems

One of the stringent requirements on the receivers of distributed industrial fiber optic systems is fast and accurate adaptive thresholding and a wide dynamic range. This is due to the existence of variable link lengths and geometry, especially in multipleaccess situations, coupled with unipolar optical signaling. This paper analyzes the application of a simple spread-spectrum system in such fiber-optic data links. It proposes a detector model that yields a tractable expression for the probability of error. The optimum threshold and the probability of error are then related to the received optical power, bit rate, and spectrum-spreading factor. A procedure is indicated by which, based on the minimum expected received power, a spreading facor and a threshold are chosen to insure a given maximum error rate at all the receivers.     

北斗/惯性深耦合接收机速度误差特性研究

北斗/惯性深耦合接收机利用了惯性辅助和微惯性器件误差实时补偿技术,具有更好的高动态适应性与抗干扰能力。深耦合接收机中,惯性测量模块与接收机模块的信息相互利用,形成了2个闭合的误差传递通道:位置通道和速度通道。针对速度通道分析了误差传递特性。首先,考虑了三阶锁相环所实现的载波跟踪环路,在对组合滤波器进行简化的基础上,建立了速度通道的传递函数模型;然后,推导了惯性辅助误差到接收机速度误差的传递关系,分析了其误差特性;进一步将惯性辅助误差分为由惯性器件误差和由辅助信息更新率低引起的误差,分别分析了它们对接收机速度误差的贡献。分析结果表明:1)惯性辅助误差到接收机速度误差的传递模型表现为高通特性;2)由惯性器件误差所引起的速度误差,因受载波跟踪环路滤波器的作用而大大减小;3)比较而言,由辅助信息更新率低所引起的速度误差更为显著。