Dynamics of Coronal Loop Oscillations Recent Improvements and Computational Aspects

We will discuss the observed, heavily damped transversal oscillations of coronal loops. These oscillations are often modeled as transversal kink oscillations in a cylinder. Several features are added to the classical cylindrical model. In our models we include loop curvature, longitudinal density stratification, and highly inhomogeneous radial density profiles. In this paper, we will first give an overview of recently obtained results, both analytically and numerically. After that, we shed a light on the computational aspects of the modeling process. In particular, we will focus on the parallellization of the numerical codes.     

Transverse Oscillations of Coronal Loops

On 14 July 1998 TRACE observed transverse oscillations of a coronal loop generated by an external disturbance most probably caused by a solar flare. These oscillations were interpreted as standing fast kink waves in a magnetic flux tube. Firstly, in this review we embark on the discussion of the theory of waves and oscillations in a homogeneous straight magnetic cylinder with the particular emphasis on fast kink waves. Next, we consider the effects of stratification, loop expansion, loop curvature, non-circular cross-section, loop shape and magnetic twist. An important property of observed transverse coronal loop oscillations is their fast damping. We briefly review the different mechanisms suggested for explaining the rapid damping phenomenon. After that we concentrate on damping due to resonant absorption. We describe the latest analytical results obtained with the use of thin transition layer approximation, and then compare these results with numerical findings obtained for arbitrary density variation inside the flux tube. Very often collective oscillations of an array of coronal magnetic loops are observed. It is natural to start studying this phenomenon from the system of two coronal loops. We describe very recent analytical and numerical results of studying collective oscillations of two parallel homogeneous coronal loops. The implication of the theoretical results for coronal seismology is briefly discussed. We describe the estimates of magnetic field magnitude obtained from the observed fundamental frequency of oscillations, and the estimates of the coronal scale height obtained using the simultaneous observations of the fundamental frequency and the frequency of the first overtone of kink oscillations. In the last part of the review we summarise the most outstanding and acute problems in the theory of the coronal loop transverse oscillations.     

Excitation of Standing Kink Oscillations in Coronal Loops

In this work we review the efforts that have been done to study the excitation of the standing fast kink body mode in coronal loops. We mainly focus on the time-dependent problem, which is appropriate to describe flare or CME induced kink oscillations. The analytical and numerical studies in slab and cylindrical loop geometries are reviewed. We discuss the results from very simple one-dimensional models to more realistic (but still simple) loop configurations. We emphasise how the results of the initial value problem complement the eigenmode calculations. The possible damping mechanisms of the kink oscillations are also discussed.     

Gated Phase-Locked Loop Study

The objectives of this paper are threefold. The first is to obtain a sampled data model of a gated phase-locked loop. Data from measurements made on an actual loop constructed in the laboratory are included, and the good agreement between measured and calculated results serves as a verification of the model. Second, with the aid of the model, some of the basic operating properties of the system will be presented. Third, comparisons will be made between gated and continuous loop operation.     

涡扇发动机极值限制保护闭环控制设计

现代高性能涡扇发动机采用分段组合多变量控制计划,以发挥发动机工作在整个飞行包线范围内的气动热力设计潜力。为保证发动机在过渡态工作的安全性,控制系统中必须考虑极值限制保护控制的设计问题。为避免直接限制保护控制引发的不同控制通道切换带来的系统震荡问题,提出1种高回路稳态增益的滞后-超前频域校正间接极值限制保护控制器设计方法,在保证限制回路足够的稳态精度和抗噪声能力的同时,又避免了引入积分环节导致相角裕度损失过大的缺点。通过发动机线性模型和非线性模型的控制系统仿真,验证了所述方法设计限制控制器的有效性。     

The 3D Geometry, Motion, and Hydrodynamic Aspects of Oscillating Coronal Loops

We transition from two-dimensional (2D) imaging observations of kink-mode loop oscillations in the solar corona to three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions by exploring two new methods: (1) De-projection of 2D loop tracings using the strategy of curvature radius maximization in 3D space, based on the assumption of force-free magnetic fields; and (2) stereoscopic triangulation of epipolar loop coordinates using coaligned images from the STEREO EUVI/A and B spacecraft. Both methods reveal new features of oscillating loops: non-circularity, non-planarity, and helical geometries. We extend the 3D reconstruction techniques into the time domain and find indications of circularly polarized (helical) kink-mode oscillations, in contrast to linearly polarized modes assumed previously. We discuss also hydrodynamic effects of coronal loops in non-equilibrium state that are essential for the detection and modeling of kink-mode oscillations.     

伺服回路故障检测方法研究

航空发动机伺服回路复杂,其工作可靠性和故障容错性对于发动机安全至关重要,因此研究伺服回路的故障检测技术十分必要.提出1种基于模型监控的快速伺服回路故障检测方法,根据伺服回路物理机构从电气到机械进行故障的逐级检测,通过比较器的设计实现回路故障的快速判断.与试验结果对比表明:该方法能够准确检测系统故障,并且缩短了系统判故时间,简化了伺服机构建模和软件代码实现.为数控系统快速检测故障提供了高效的技术手段,具有一定的通用性.     

电磁波频率和天线深度对水下环天线的影响

海水中的环天线是进行水下电磁通信的主要手段,研究其在空气中产生的场具有重要的实际意义。针对这个问题,建立了3层导电媒质(空气、海水、大地)条件下海水中环天线的辐射模型,得到了空气中电磁场的解析表达式。采用控制变量法,仿真分析了电磁波传播频率和发射天线深度对水下环天线在空气中产生的场的影响,为水下电磁通信的实际应用提供了依据。     

多轴多回路人机控制系统模型与仿真

针对驾驶员完成飞机机场下滑过程的多轴多回路控制任务,分析了人的控制行为特点,确定出驾驶员的信息反馈,形成了机系统的闭环控制结构,根据驾驶员对各控制回路的注意力分配和人机自适应规律性,选择相应的驾驶员模型形式并确定其参数,建立了多轴多回路的人机控制系统模型,最后,对风切变大气环境下驾驶员控制的飞机进场下滑过程进行了仿真计算,结果表明,所建立的人机控制系统模型是合理的,对飞行品质研究有参考价值。     

Stability Criterion for a Hybrid Phase-Locked Loop Range Tracker

A currently tested high-performance electronic range tracker operating in a linear region and tracking a nearly stationary target can be modeled as a hybrid or gated phase-locked loop. A relationship for stability in this system is developed. The relationship is applicable to both Type I and Type II second-order hybrid phase-locked loop trackers.     

轴流压气机转子叶尖间隙流动结构的数值研究

为进一步加深对轴流压气机转子叶尖间隙内泄漏流/涡流动结构的认识,针对某台用于高压压气机低速模拟的四级重复级大尺度轴流压气机上的转子,采用定常数值方法开展了详细的研究。首先用已有的试验结果校核了计算方法的可靠性,随后研究了设计点工况下端区复杂流动结构和流动损失的机理,最后比较了无叶尖间隙和不同叶尖间隙大小的轴流压气机转子端区流动结构的差别,以及设计点和近失速情况下叶尖泄漏涡结构、泄漏流/主流交界面、端壁堵塞以及端壁损失的区别。结果表明,在62.5%间隙高度以下的叶尖区域内,从前缘叶尖间隙流出的流体会卷吸成叶尖泄漏涡,且随间隙高度的增加其占据的叶尖泄漏涡的位置由内而外;而在62.5%间隙高度以上,从转子前缘间隙内流出的流体不会卷吸成叶尖泄漏涡,随间隙高度的增加流动受叶尖泄漏涡的影响越来越小,更易出现二次及多次泄漏,且所占据的弦长范围也更宽广;设计状态下,叶尖泄漏涡在向下游发展的过程中会逐步膨胀,并与主流强烈掺混,无量纲流向涡量迅速减小,但无量纲螺旋度值显示其仍能保持集中涡的特征。     

神经网络最优闭环制导律设计

对于复杂的非线性导弹制导系统 ,很难求得其解析的最优制导律 ,只能求得开环的数字解 ,不能适用于具有时变不确定性的导弹制导系统。利用神经网络的学习和推广能力 ,对开环的数字最优制导律进行离线的学习 ,作为闭环的神经最优制导律在线应用。研究分别选择系统状态变量和视线角速率等不同的神经网络输入对制导系统性能的影响 ,以及各种制导律的鲁棒性问题 ,并采用模块化神经网络结构提高神经网络的学习和推广能力 ,仿真结果得到一些有益的结论。     

Transient Frequency-Error Statistics in Acquisition of Noiseless First-Order Phase Lock Loop

After a certain time interval from the appearance of a reference signal in a synchronizing system employing a first-order phase lock loop (PLL), the probability that the output frequency error will be higher than a maximum tolerated value is determined. The system is assumed to be noise free.     

基于FPGA的惯性平台数字稳定回路设计实现

为了适应平台系统一体化、小型化设计要求,本文提出了以FPGA为核心的数字化平台稳定回路实现方案.在该方案中,对稳定回路的主要组成部分如滤波器、校正网络、PWM模块进行了数字化设计,并给出了相应的FPGA实现方案.FPGA将数字电路的设计软件化,同时具备硬件电路的高可靠性和软件算法的灵活性.实验结果表明,该电路可以达到较...     

Error Reduction in HF Loop DF Systems

Techniques for reducing bearing errors in vertical loop HF direction finders for ionospherically propagated signals were evaluated in a dual-channel system. A main channel provides a bearing display from the output of a rotating loop; an auxiliary channel unblanks the bearing ng display when propagation conditions are favorable for minimum bearing error. Circuitry to provide optimum unblanking for a wide variety of signal and fade conditions is described. The results of an operational evaluation are presented and show that a large majority of the unblanked bearings can be restricted to ±15° of the great-circle bearing with average bearing errors of 10° or less. Operational comparison with a contemporary system shows that the dual-channel system performance is superior with a 2 to 1 reduction ion in bearing spreads, standard deviations, and RMS error.     

Phase Detector Data Distortion in Phase-Lock Loop Receivers

The nonlinear characteristic of a sinusoidal phase detector can create an additional loop suppression factor and cause distortion of any phase-modulated data that is to be extracted in a phase-lock loop receiver. The distortion caused by the phase detector's sinusoidal characteristic will degrade the phase-lock loop parameters and decrease the amplitude of the phase-modulated data.     

Limit Cycle in a Four Sectors On-Off Tracking Loop

A simplified model of a bidimensional on-off tracking loop is introduced. By using geometric analysis in the time domain, it is shown that there is a simple mode of limit cycle which is stable in the loop for finite disturbances and for a finite range of change of the loop parameters. The consideration of the unsymmetric general case covers a wide class of cases in which the loop is subjected to constant velocity inputs. A nonfiltering assumption is defined which is needed to establish the connection between the simplified loop and practical systems. The main results are applied to a conventional symmetric loop. The analytic approach developed here is applicable as weil to loops in which the number of sectors is different from four and also to loops containing nonlinearities more complex than simple on-off, like hysteresis.     

神舟载人飞船流体回路动态仿真研究

以神舟载人飞船流体回路为物理模型,分析了各个部件的工作原理、流动和传热特性,建立起辐射器、泵、阀门、补偿器、冷板和换热器的部件模型。在此基础上建立了流体回路模型,并引入实际控制策略。模型的仿真数据与航天器热平衡试验数据进行对比,结果表明,模型对流体回路各点的温度、压力、系统的流量分配和液体体积变化的补偿都能较好的进行动态模拟,并能够模拟系统控制策略的动态执行情况,可用于流体回路系统控制算法和策略的优化分析。     

Third-Order Loop Filter Design for Acceleration-Rate Tracking

A perfect third-order loop filter design that can be implemented as a digital filter is obtained which minimizes the noiseless steady-state acceleration rate (jerk) error for a fixed loop noise bandwidth. Simulations were performed to obtain transient responses of the third-order loop plus a sample fourth-order loop under a jerk input. The results enable one to obtain a loop design that minimizes the loop noise bandwidth required for a given steady-state jerk error and thus obtain better noise jitter performance.     

直接力控制飞机非常规响应耦合敏感性分析

 针对当前直接力控制系统设计实践中遇到的直接力控制（ＤＦＣ）飞机非常规响应耦合敏感性问题，借助闭环系统动力学和瞄准误差动力学理论进行推导与分析，进而通过实例计算，得出可供ＤＦＣ系统设计及飞机飞行品质评定参考的重要结论。