飞机用高强度铝合金腐蚀疲劳研究进展

腐蚀疲劳是飞机用高强度铝合金在服役过程中必然经历的阶段,亦是飞机结构寿命及可靠性评估的重中之重。简要介绍了飞机用高强度铝合金近年的发展历程,分析了高强度铝合金腐蚀疲劳的重要影响因素及环境模拟技术,归纳了高强度铝合金腐蚀疲劳裂纹萌生机理及扩展机制模型,指出了高强度铝合金腐蚀疲劳在未来研究中的重点、难点问题,为高强度铝合金腐蚀疲劳的试验开展、机理探索和工程应用奠定了基础。     

铝合金凝固过程中缺陷预测模型研究进展

近些年航空航天对轻质高强抗疲劳铝合金的需求日益迫切,铸造缺陷的预测与抑制技术受到广泛重视。铝合金凝固过程中产生的氢气孔缺陷是疲劳失效的主要裂纹源,其预测与控制技术是高品质铝合金制备加工的核心工艺技术。在国外,元胞自动机（CA）等具有物理意义且计算效率较高的微观组织结构模型已成功地应用于先进铸造工艺的设计,如飞机发动机单晶叶片、飞机发动机涡轮盘,以及飞机蒙皮高强轻质铝合金工艺窗口优化。总结了计算模型应用于铝合金凝固过程中缺陷的预测及最新研究进展,提出了未来缺陷预测模型的发展方向。     

飞机用金属材料的现状及发展趋势

目前各种新的飞机用材不断涌现，但金属材料一般还占飞机总重量的９０％以上，因此仍需受到人们的重视。本文简要介绍了高强度钢、铝合金、钛合金在飞机上的应用及其发展趋势。     

超高强度铝合金的发展与应用

本文以Ｂ９６、７０９０、ＣＷ６７及７０５５等合金为典型，对国外超高强度铝合金的发展与应用进行了评述，初步介绍了国内７Ａ５５合金的发展现状，并与国外同类材料进行了对比。通过分析发现，７０５５、７Ａ５５和７０９０等超高强度铝合金与目前常用的高强铝合金（如７０７５、７１５０等）相比，在塑韧性相当的前提下，强度均有较大幅度的提高。     

飞机结构件最大腐蚀深度的统计规律分析

建立在铝合金翼梁缘条腐蚀损伤数据的基础上,运用数理统计的方法,对飞机结构高强度铝合金件在机场使用到一定日历年限后的最大腐蚀深度的统计规律,进行了分析研究,建立了铝合金结构件的腐蚀失效模型及统计分布函数.利用此分布规律可估算铝合金结构件的最大腐蚀深度.     

取代老龄飞机材料的高强度铝合金

目前不少飞机已超过了原来的使用设计寿命,这些飞机上损伤的构件往往需要更换。用新改进的高强度铝合金来代换老龄飞机的老材料有可能提高构件的性能及寿命。本文介绍在材料代换时应考虑的各种因素。     

大厚度飞机铝合金搅拌摩擦焊性能研究

大厚度航空高强铝合金是飞机机翼框架、油箱底板等飞机结构中常用的材料.以往针对大厚度铝合金结构一般采用熔化极气体保护焊,工艺多采用两面多层焊,工序复杂,生产效率低;     

一代材料技术，一代大型飞机

 介绍了用于大型飞机的新材料的发展现状和趋势。当前,欧美大型飞机机体的材料结构正从以铝合金为主过渡至以复合材料为主,50%复合材料用量是未来飞机的起点。新一代大型飞机的材料技术特色首先是复合材料和钛合金用量创历史新高,以大幅度减轻飞机结构重量和降低燃油消耗;其次反映于一些具有新意的材料技术的成功推出,其中包括复合材料整体机身段、全钛发动机挂架、纤维金属层板、第3代铝锂合金、新型高强铝合金7085、新型高强高韧钛合金Ti-55531等。最后,对中国刚立项研制的大型飞机的选材原则提出了建议。     

张新明 著名铝合金材料专家

铝合金在航空航天领域应用非常广泛,请您介绍一下高强合金在航空航天领域的发展情况及目前我国大飞机项目对这些材料的特殊需求?     

现役飞机铝合金型材的腐蚀分析及防护

对现役飞机结构中铝合金型材腐蚀特点和腐蚀机理进行了分析研究。结合实际维修工作中的经验，提出了飞机结构主体材料铝合金腐蚀损伤部位的修理方法及防腐蚀控制措施。高强度的铝合金是航空工业中使用比 较多的一种材料，主要用来制造飞机结构的承力构件，如飞机的机翼大梁缘条、口盖边框、机身或机翼上的长桁等。由于一些机型受恶劣使用环境的影响，在我国南方一些地区及沿海城市服役的飞机都不同程度地出现了腐蚀现象。如某型水上飞机的翼梁上、下缘条；某型飞机的翼梁腹板、平尾、机翼长桁、梁的缘条、平尾梁缘条等，这些用铝合金材料制…     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.