小型民用正常类飞机尾旋特性试飞技术研究

简要介绍了按照CCAR-23部进行合格审定正常类飞机对尾旋试飞的要求,对小型民用飞机尾旋特性试飞方法进行了研究,结合具体型号进行了飞行试验验证,给出了该飞机的尾旋试飞结果。结果证明,该试飞技术适用于小型民用飞机型号合格审定尾旋试飞。     

Y—7飞机失速试飞体会

本文从试飞员的角度,以Y—7飞机为实例,对民用运输类飞机的失速速度与失速特性合格审定试飞的驾驶技术进行了探讨.文中首先简要地介绍了试飞前有关试飞员的技术与心理准备、机组协同以及失速试飞保证条件等方面的问题。接着,文中较详细地介绍了Y—7飞机失速试飞的操纵与飞行方法,改出时应注意的一些问题,并对Y—7飞机的失速速度与失速特性给出了评价与建议。     

小型通用民用飞机的失速试飞研究

介绍了小型通用民用飞机的失速试飞依据与要求、试飞方法与驾驶技术、数据处理与分析方法。提出了直接采用发动机慢车状态来确定无动力状态下飞机失速速度的试飞方法，并以小鹰-500飞机为例，给出了用本方法确定零拉力失速速度的符合性验证及失速特性的符合性验证结果。     

高平尾布局飞机深失速特性及失速改出伞数值计算与分析

ARJ21飞机是我国自行研制的具有典型T尾布局特点的先进支线飞机。失速和失速特性试飞是ARJ21飞机适航取证试飞最重要的试飞项目之一。高平尾(T尾)布局飞机可能存在深失速运动模态,给飞机的失速特性试飞带来安全风险。本文首先分析了高平尾(T尾)布局飞机的空气动力学特点,剖析了"深失速"现象的产生原因,并在此基础上以ARJ21飞机为算例,结合具体的风洞实验数据库,应用工程估算的方法对动导数进行了补充完善,其次建立了适合预测飞机失速和深失速运动方程的空气动力学模型,并对飞机的运动特性特别是深失速特性进行了仿真计算,计算结果与实际试飞结果取得了较好的一致性;最后选择深失速状态作为失速改出伞设计的临界状态,建立失速改出伞的数学模型,对失速改出伞改出深失速的动态过程进行了仿真计算,验证了失速改出伞改出深失速的设计参数,为失速改出伞的研制提供了参考依据。     

飞机的失速试飞

论述了飞机的失速试飞，指出其目的是确定飞机的失速速度，掌握飞机的失速特性，验证飞机的失速警告，描述了实施失速试飞需要做的工作，讨论了失速试飞的有关问题。     

Y—7飞机失速特性适航试飞 一

本文简要介绍了Y—7飞机失速特性适航试飞试验机概况,试飞方法和程序、测试技术及数据处理方法;较详细地介绍了Y—7飞机在巡航、进场和着陆三种构形下,由试飞获得的失速速度和失速特性。     

民机地面最小操纵速度试飞技术研究

基于CCAR-25对于民用飞机地面最小操纵速度(VMCG)的合格审定试飞要求,对地面最小操纵速度试飞技术进行了分析,针对ARJ21-700飞机,从试飞准备、试飞方法、驾驶技术和试飞程序等方面,制定了详细的试飞方案,试飞得到VMCG为107kn。由于VMCG受机场大气影响,因此对其进行数据扩展,得到全包线范围内的VMCG。该试飞技术和数据处理方法可为其他民用飞机的型号合格审定试飞提供参考。     

某型尾吊高平尾飞机失速特性试飞方法研究

某型尾吊高平尾飞机通过安装失速保护系统改善失速特性,满足了适航条例的要求。介绍了失速保护系统的设计,从保障试飞安全的失速试飞准备工作、失速保护系统研制试飞与失速特性验证试飞三个方面研究了安装失速保护系统飞机的失速试飞方法。     

现代飞机失速／过失速／尾旋飞行试验技术

概要介绍了现代飞机失速／尾旋研究的途径，失速／过失速／尾旋试飞验证的目的，试验方法和测试要求，较详细地介绍了现代飞机失速／过失速／尾旋试飞验证的程序和步骤，对装有迎角限制器飞机特殊要求，应急改出尾旋装置的安装使用以及与安全有关的一些注意事项。     

运输类飞机PIO试飞方法研究

基于CCAR-25-R4《运输类飞机适航标准》要求,结合FAA咨询通告AC25-7C《运输类飞机合格审定飞行试验指南》,叙述了驾驶员诱发振荡(PIO)的分类,以及运输类飞机PIO的合格审定试飞要求,分析了PIO试飞方法、试验点的选取原则、试飞评定准则、注意事项和风险规避措施等,可为民用飞机的PIO试飞提供参考。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。