精密进近阶段的多系统GNSS组合RAIM可用性算法及分析

给出了多系统全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）组合接收机自主完好性监测（ReceiverAutonomousIntegrityMonitoring,RAIM）可用性计算方法,在此基础上利用GPS、GLONASS实测数据与BDS、Galileo全星座仿真数据,分析了BDS、GPS、GLONASS和Galileo不同组合在精密进近阶段的RAIM可用性。通过试验分析发现,BDS的5颗地球同步轨道卫星和3颗倾斜地球同步轨道卫星对亚洲、非洲和欧洲大部分地区的RAIM可用性有很大的贡献。这些地区站星间几何观测结构得到改善,使得RAIM可用性相对于其他地区有很大幅度的提升。在亚太地区APV-I阶段单系统导航情况下,北斗导航系统RAIM可用性达到99.5%,高于其他三个导航系统。在精密进近阶段（APV-I、APV-II和CAT-I）,BDS与其他导航系统（GPS、GLONASS和Galileo）的组合导航可以满足全球大部分区域的RAIM可用性需求,大多可达到100%。     

GPS自主式完整性检测技术研究

证明了GPS(Global Positioning System) RAIM(Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring)两种算法:奇偶空间法和残差最小二乘法在数学上是等价的.提出了一种新的GPS RAIM算法,并进行了仿真实验.研究结果表明,该算法具有可用性高、漏警率低,故障检测灵敏等优点,满足了高精度、高可靠性的制导要求.研究了可见星较少时,采用气压高度表辅助、接收GLONASS(GLObal NAvigation Satellite System)信号等实现RAIM的方法,并进行了仿真验证.      

BDS/GPS组合导航接收机自主完好性监测算法

为使接收机自主完好性监测（RAIM）技术应用于民航垂直引导进近（APV）飞行阶段成为可能,研究了BDS/GPS组合导航RAIM算法。提出了一种基于BDS/GPS定位解最优加权平均解的算法,结合最优加权平均解与BDS/GPS定位解的关系建立检验统计量,根据最大允许的虚警率计算检验门限,实现对故障所在卫星导航系统的检测,并采用加权最小二乘残差法对故障进行检测与识别。研究结果对多星座组合卫星导航系统应用于民航APV飞行阶段的导航具有一定的参考意义。      

WAAS卫星播发电文一致性分析

星基增强系统(SBAS)是在传统GNSS的基础上为了进一步满足民航用户对卫星导航系统越来越高的精度、完好性、连续性和可用性需求而应运而生.目前全球已建立起了多个SBAS系统,其中提供服务时间最长的是美国的WAAS系统.WAAS系统包括38个参考站、3个主控站、6个上注站和3颗GEO卫星,每个参考站配备3套独立的监测接收...     

粒子群优化粒子滤波的接收机自主完好性监测

接收机自主完好性监测（RAIM）是航空卫星导航接收机必不可少的功能,为保持全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）在卫星发生故障时系统性能不降级,需要对卫星故障进行检测和隔离。针对接收机观测噪声非高斯分布的特点,提出一种基于粒子群优化粒子滤波（PSO-PF）的故障检测和隔离算法。通过粒子群优化粒子滤波对状态估计进行一致性检验实现故障检测。采集实测数据验证算法的检测性能,并与基于基本粒子滤波的完好性监测算法进行比较,结果表明:本文所提算法在非高斯测量噪声下可检测并隔离全球定位系统（GPS）故障卫星,其性能优于基于基本粒子滤波的完好性监测算法性能,对研究北斗卫星导航系统（BDS）接收机自主完好性监测具有一定的意义。      

基于MHSS算法的ARAIM完好性和可用性预测

传统的接收机自主完好性监视只能提供非精密进近阶段的完好性监视,无法实现对完好性要求更加严格的飞行阶段的监视,而高级接收机自主完好性监视（AdvancedReceiverAutonomousIntegrityMonitoring,ARAIM）可以在精密进近阶段为飞机提供满足航向信标性能垂直引导（LocalizerPerformancewithVerticalguidance,LPV）的完好性监视服务。文章基于多假设分组解算法,根据目前的星座环境,结合民航不同飞行阶段的应用需求,对ARAIM算法进行仿真研究。针对水平保护级（HorizontalProtectionLevel,HPL）和垂直保护级（VerticalProtectionLevel,VPL）的指标,在不同星座组合环境下,选取南北半球不同经纬度的5个观测机场,分别仿真了HPL和VPL的变化情况,并对全球HPL和VPL平均分布趋势,以及以99%的概率满足LPV-200进近可用性指标时,ARAIM可用性的全球覆盖率进行了仿真预测分析。仿真结果表明,不论是全球定位系统和格洛纳斯双星座还是增加北斗卫星导航系统后的三星座,5个观测机场的HPL和VPL均能满足LPV-200进近对完好性指标的要求;但在全球范围内,双星座条件下,ARAIM并不能完全支持LPV-200进近对完好性监视的要求,而三星座则可大大提高ARAIM的可用性,为民航用户提供满足精密进近的所需导航服务性能。     

基于卫星监视几何精度因子的UDRE值估计方法

星基增强导航系统(SBAS,Satellite Based Augmentation System)通过向用户提供用户差分距离误差(UDRE,User Differential Range Error),来保证广播星历和星钟改正数的精度并增强用户的完好性性能.给出了一种用于主控站的UDRE计算方法,提出了卫星监视几何精度因子(SSDOP,Satellite Surveillance Dilution of Precision)的概念.基于UDRE和SS-DOP的表达式,通过数学推导发现UDRE受到SSDOP和限制因子的影响,而限制因子可以用其统计平均值0.7438来替代,建立了由SSDOP估计UDRE的表达式.仿真结果表明:利用SS-DOP估计出的UDRE值,其误差不超过0.8 m,能够反映出当前卫星UDRE的特性,可以作为用户在无法接收完好性信息时快速推算UDRE的一种可行手段.     

GPS/GLONASS定位仿真器的设计与实现

GPS(Global Positioning System)、GLONASS(Global Navigation Satellite System)作为两种实时卫星定位导航系统,得到广泛应用.为满足离线试验研究的要求,设计开发了GPS/GLONASS卫星定位仿真器.该仿真器分析GPS和GLONASS星座的运动轨迹,并模拟卫星接收器的解算,以纯软件的方式实现卫星定位.仿真计算表明此仿真器定位精度与实际接收机相当,可以模拟真实的卫星定位,为仿真调试等研究工作带来便利.      

时钟偏差辅助的GPS完整性监测算法

对伪距残差最小二乘的接收机自主完整性监测(RAIM)算法进行了分析.在此基础上,通过对接收机时钟偏差的建模,将模型预测的时钟偏差引入伪距残差最小二乘的RAIM算法中,保证了在可见星仅为4颗的情况下,仍能利用χ2检验法对全球定位系统(GPS)进行完整性监测,从而达到提高完整性监测算法有效性的目的.计算机仿真的结果显示,这种辅助方式不仅计算简单,而且有效可行.      

一种基于多虚拟观测量的组合导航自主完好性监测方法

完好性用于导航系统出现故障的情况下提供及时的告警,是生命安全类用户需要考虑的重要性能指标.基于惯性导航系统(INS)辅助的卫星导航自主完好性监测算法,提出了一种利用INS构造3颗虚拟卫星观测量的组合导航系统自主完好性监测方法,通过构造视线方向相互垂直的3颗卫星,最大限度利用组合导航中INS的导航信息,在2颗可见星条件下...     

Fault detection and isolation in GPS receiver autonomous integrity monitoring based on chaos particle swarm optimization-particle filter algorithm

The receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) is one of the most important parts in an avionic navigation system. Two problems need to be addressed to improve this system, namely, the degeneracy phenomenon and lack of samples for the standard particle filter (PF). However, the number of samples cannot adequately express the real distribution of the probability density function (i.e., sample impoverishment). This study presents a GPS receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) method based on a chaos particle swarm optimization particle filter (CPSO-PF) algorithm with a log likelihood ratio. The chaos sequence generates a set of chaotic variables, which are mapped to the interval of optimization variables to improve particle quality. This chaos perturbation overcomes the potential for the search to become trapped in a local optimum in the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Test statistics are configured based on a likelihood ratio, and satellite fault detection is then conducted by checking the consistency between the state estimate of the main PF and those of the auxiliary PFs. Based on GPS data, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively detect and isolate satellite faults under conditions of non-Gaussian measurement noise. Moreover, the performance of the proposed novel method is better than that of RAIM based on the PF or PSO-PF algorithm.     

Design of BDS-3 integrity monitoring and preliminary analysis of its performance

With the improvement in the service accuracy and expansion of the application scope of satellite navigation systems, users now have high demands for system integrity that are directly related to navigation safety. As a crucial index to measure the reliability of satellite navigation systems, integrity is the ability of the system to send an alarm when an abnormity occurs. The new-generation Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3) prioritized the upgrading of system integrity as an important objective in system construction. Because the system provides both basic navigation and satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) services by the operational control system, BDS-3 adopts an integrated integrity monitoring and processing strategy that applies satellite autonomous integrity monitoring and ground-based integrity monitoring for both the basic navigation service and SBAS navigation service. BDS-3 also uses an improved and refined integrity parameter system to provide slow, fast and real-time integrity parameters for basic navigation, and provide SBAS-provided integrity information messages in accordance with Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (RTCA) specification and dual frequency, multi-constellation (DFMC) specification to support the SBAS signal frequency, single constellation operation and DFMC operation respectively. The performance of BDS-3 system integrity monitoring is preliminarily verified during on-orbit testing in different states, including normal operation, satellite clock failure and satellite ephemeris failure. The results show that satellite autonomous integrity monitoring, ground-based integrity monitoring and satellite-based augmentation all correctly work within the system. Satellite autonomous integrity monitoring can detect satellite clock failure but not satellite orbit failure. However, ground-based integrity monitoring can detect both. Moreover, the satellite-based augmentation integrity system monitors the differential range error after satellite ephemeris and clock error corrections based on user requirements. Compared to the near minute-level time-to-alert capability of ground-based integrity monitoring, satellite autonomous integrity monitoring reduces the system alert time to less than 4 s. With a combined satellite-ground monitoring strategy and the implementation of different monitoring technologies, the BDS-3 integrity of service has been considerably improved.     

基于北斗的机载终端完好性算法仿真研究

国内外关于接收机自主完好性算法的理论研究已经成熟,但缺乏依据北斗实测数据的算法性能分析。根据北斗Ⅱ代卫星导航系统14颗星的星座状态及其公开的服务性能,结合民航非精密进近的应用需求,对机载端嵌入自主完好性算法进行仿真研究。首先通过理论仿真,分析了亚太区之内算法的可用性。其次,利用NovAtel接收机实测的北斗数据,设定不同的场景和故障类型,对算法故障检测和识别的性能进行了研究分析。通过仿真,北斗系统在亚太区之内的平均可见星个数大于7颗,平均水平保护限值小于500m,能够满足算法的要求。另通过实测研究,算法可以有效地检测并识别出异常的伪距误差（即故障卫星）。结果表明：接收机自主完好性算法适用于当前北斗Ⅱ代卫星导航系统,能够为民用航空非精密进近提供具备完好性保证的服务。