无人机测控通信系统中智能天线技术

针对无人机测控与信息传输系统中地面设备笨重、跟踪速度慢等问题,提出地面天线采用智能天线的方法,利用MUSIC(MUltiple SIgnal Classification,多重信号分类)算法实现对机载终端的DOA(Direction Of Ar-rival,波达方向)估计,并添加去相关操作对抗多径,利用基于LCMV(Linearly Constrained Minimum Variance,线性约束最小方差)准则的波束成形算法完成波束赋形,相较于传统的机械跟踪方式,具有设备质量小、成本低、机动性灵活性强和跟踪速度快等优势.仿真和实际测试结果表明,采用DOA估计和波束成形算法的智能天线能够在保证高增益的同时,实时准确地估计出有用信号和多径信号的来波信号方向,并正确完成波束指向,具有很高的工程应用价值.     

STFT及其在回声消除方面的应用

论述了STFT(Short-Time Fourier Transform)理论及其特点，设计了一个在桌面音频系统中由于麦克风和听筒的耦合而产生语音干扰(主要是回声)的消除系统，该系统利用STFT将所需信号和噪声信号变换到频域，通过频谱相减消除噪声。提出了一个基于多信道回声消除器的子带最小二乘滤波器理论分析和估算方法，该方法具有较强的自适应能力、算法收敛快、控制精度高。     

采用开关电路消除尖峰脉冲的陀螺及其理论分析

陀螺输出波形中经常含有2倍于本征频率的尖峰脉冲误差信号。采用高速开关电路消除了光纤陀螺的尖峰脉冲,提高陀螺采样有用信号的信噪比。从理论分析和仿真上证明了这一方法不仅消除了尖峰脉冲,而且也消除了尖峰脉冲扩散在解调信号中的奇次谐波干扰。通过实验对比可以看出这一方法提高了陀螺的精度。     

ZCZ序列在舱内无线通信系统中的应用分析

依据飞船舱内通信的特点及未来的需求,首先探讨了传统CDMA系统、采用零相关区序列的新型CDMA系统在舱内无线通信中的应用,分析表明新型CDMA系统更加简单,可靠性更高,并从理论上分析了新型CDMA系统的抗符号间干扰和多址干扰的性能,最后给出了系统设计方案及性能仿真,仿真进一步验证了新型CDMA系统能大大降低或完全消除系统中的符号间干扰和多址干扰。     

间歇采样转发干扰对相位编码雷达的影响分析

文章分析了间歇采样转发干扰对相位编码脉冲压缩雷达的影响。首先,推导得到了相位编码信号通过匹配滤波器的输出响应。在此基础上,推导了间歇采样转发干扰的匹配输出,研究表明,输出响应为信号编码与间歇采样编码互相关序列的线性插值函数,且只能产生一个假目标。然后,研究了旁瓣抑制网络对间歇采样转发干扰信号的影响,结果表明,旁瓣抑制网络可以有效抑制回波信号的旁瓣,但无法抑制干扰信号的旁瓣。相比输入前数值,干扰旁瓣峰值和位置均发生变化。最后,通过编程计算和仿真实验验证了本文分析的正确性。该研究为雷达对抗干扰评估试验提供重要的理论支撑。     

联合正交变换与信号交织的测距仪脉冲干扰抑制方法

为解决宽带航空数据链以内嵌方式工作在测距仪(DME)频道间而带来测距仪发射脉冲信号干扰宽带航空数据链正交频分复用(OFDM)接收机的问题,提出一种联合正交变换与信号交织的OFDM传输方法。首先,该方法利用测距仪脉冲信号在频域呈现为强相关高斯脉冲的特性,通过发射机正交变换与信号交织器,配合接收机解交织器与逆正交变换器将强相关脉冲转换为非相关脉冲;随后,基于期望最大化(EM)算法迭代重构非相关随机脉冲;最后,通过频率域脉冲干扰消除抑制脉冲干扰。仿真结果表明:所提出联合正交变换与信号交织的OFDM传输方法可有效抑制测距仪脉冲干扰,显著提高OFDM接收机链路传输的可靠性。     

基于光纤信道的载人航天发射场微波信号转发系统关键问题研究与试验验证

航天器微波信号转发系统是载人航天测发系统的重要组成部分,航天器上下行微波信号的转发传输质量直接影响到任务实施。从分析转发系统无线转发模式存在的多径干扰等问题入手,采用光纤传输模式消除多个点位间的空间多径干扰,塔架前端通过天线切换技术以及吸波材料的布设,达到良好的电磁屏蔽效果,大幅度提高了微波信号传输质量,满足了任务需求。     

线位移差分传感器检测与自监控电路的设计

针对三余度舵机系统对LVDT调理电路具有自监控功能的要求，提出了一种LVDT自监控信号的检测方法。在此基础上，运用时分复用技术，设计了采用一片LVDT信号调节芯片同时检测输出LVDT位移量信号和LVDT故障监控信号的调理电路。并对电路的线性度和故障检测能力进行了实验和分析。     

MVK-E型显微(努氏)硬度计测量装置的改造

MVK- E型显微 (努氏 )硬度计的结构外形如图 1所示 ,硬度计采用的显微金刚石压头如图 2、努氏金刚石压头如图 3所示。图 1　 MVK-E型显微 (努氏 )硬度计外形图1 .机体 ;2 .调整试台升降机构 ;3.试台 ;4.压头 ;5.物镜 ;6.压痕测量机构 ;7.目镜图 2　显微金刚石压头MVK- E型显微 (努氏 )硬度计具有 0 .2 5 N(2 5gf) ,0 .4 9N(5 0 gf) ,0 .98N(10 0 gf) ,1.96 N(2 0 0 gf) ,4 .90 N(5 0 0 gf)和 9.81N(10 0 0 gf)六级试验力 ,适用于小件、薄件、脆硬件等金属及非金属材料等试件的显微硬度或努氏硬度的检定和检测 ,同时也可测量玻璃、玛…     

联合压缩感知与接收分集的DME干扰抑制方法

针对L波段数字航空通信系统(L-DACS1)反向链路测距仪(DME)信号干扰正交频分复用(OFDM)接收机的问题,提出基于联合压缩感知与接收分集的干扰抑制方法。在地面基站各接收支路中,首先通过压缩感知重构DME干扰信号,随后将重构的DME信号在时域进行干扰消除,消除干扰后各支路信号最终通过最大比值合并提高OFDM解调器输出信噪比,以克服测距仪残留信号的影响。仿真结果表明:该方法可有效抑制DME信号的干扰,提高L-DACS1系统的可靠性。     

Ergodic sum rate for uplink NOMA transmission in satellite-aerial-ground integrated networks

The application of Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) technology into satellite-aerial-ground integrated networks can meet the requirements of ultra-high rate and massive connectivity for the Sixth-Generation (6G) communication systems. We consider an uplink NOMA scenario for such a satellite-aerial-ground integrated network where multiple users communicate with satellite under the help of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) as an aerial relay equipped with a phased array. Supposing that buffer-aided decode-and-forward protocol is adopted at the UAV relay, we first formulate an optimization problem to maximize Ergodic Sum Rate (ESR) of the considered system subject to individual power constraint and quality-of-service constraint of each user. Then, with known imperfect channel state information of each user, we propose a joint power allocation and robust Beam Forming (BF) iterative algorithm to maximize ESR for the user-to-UAV link. Besides, to take the advantages of Free-Space Optical (FSO) and millimeter Wave (mmWave) communications, we present a switch-based hybrid FSO/mmWave scheme and a robust BF algorithm for the UAV-to-satellite link to achieve higher rate. Moreover, a closed-form ESR expression is derived. Finally, the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed solutions are verified by numerical simulations, and the performance evaluation results show that the proposed solutions not only achieve performance enhancement and robustness, but also outperform the orthogonal multiple access significantly.     

基于预处理共轭梯度法的多用户检测方法

针对准同步CDMA（码分多址）系统中解相关检测运算复杂度高以及常规CG（共轭梯度）法收敛速度慢的问题,提出了SSOR-PCG（对称超松弛预处理共轭梯度）模型求解方法。通过SSOR预处理降低了扩频码矩阵的条件数,从而提高收敛速度,减少了迭代次数。实验结果表明,本文提出的方法相对于解相关检测,运算复杂度大大降低,而误码率与解相关检测器相当;相对于共轭梯度法,收敛速度更快,有效减少了迭代次数。     

Adaptive Array Behavior with Periodic Envelope Modulated Interference

A method is presented for determining the effects of envelope modulated interference on a least mean square (LMS) adaptive array. The interference is assumed to have periodic envelope modulation with a bandwidth that is small compared with the carrier frequency. For such interference, the method allows one to calculate the periodic steady-state behavior of the array weights and the resulting array performance. As an example, we compute the effects of an ordinary amplitude modulated (AM) interference signal on the array. It is shown that such interference causes the array to modulate the desired signal envelope but not its phase. With a differential phase-shift-keyed (DPSK) desired signal, AM interference is found to have about the same effect on bit error probability as CW interference.     

Fast converging adaptive processor or a structured covariance matrix

The use of adaptive linear techniques to solve signal processing problems is needed particularly when the interference environment external to the signal processor (such as for a radar or communication system) is not known a priori. Due to this lack of knowledge of an external environment, adaptive techniques require a certain amount of data to cancel the external interference. The number of statistically independent samples per input sensor required so that the performance of the adaptive processor is close (nominally within 3 dB) to the optimum is called the convergence measure of effectiveness (MOE) of the processor. The minimization of the convergence MOE is important since in many environments the external interference changes rapidly with time. Although there are heuristic techniques in the literature that provide fast convergence for particular problems, there is currently not a general solution for arbitrary interference that is derived via classical theory. A maximum likelihood (ML) solution (under the assumption that the input interference is Gaussian) is derived here for a structured covariance matrix that has the form of the identity matrix plus an unknown positive semi-definite Hermitian (PSDH) matrix. This covariance matrix form is often valid in realistic interference scenarios for radar and communication systems. Using this ML estimate, simulation results are given that show that the convergence is much faster than the often-used sample matrix inversion method. In addition, the ML solution for a structured covariance matrix that has the aforementioned form where the scale factor on the identity matrix is arbitrarily lower-bounded, is derived. Finally, an efficient implementation is presented.     

Distortion minimization for multimedia transmission in NOMA HAP-UAV integrated aerial access networks

Aerial access networks have been envisioned as a promising 6G solution to enhance the ground communication systems in both coverage and capacity. To better utilize the spectrum and fully explore different channel characteristics, this paper constructs an integrated network comprising the High Altitude Platform (HAP) and Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs) with the Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) technology. In order to improve the transmission quality of images and videos, a power management scheme is proposed to minimize the distortion of the transmissions from the HAP and UAVs to the terminals. The power control is formulated as a non-convex problem constrained by the maximal transmit power and the minimal terminal rate requirements. The variable substitution and the first-order Tailor’s expansion is used to transform it into a sequence of convex problems, which are subsequently solved through the gradient projection method. Simulation demonstrates the signal distortion and error rate improvement achieved by the proposed algorithm.     

干涉配合弹性强化机理分析

鉴于基于支撑效应（SE）的干涉配合疲劳强化理论具有内在的局限性,通过引入弹簧模型（SM）研究了干涉配合的强化机理,以期获得更全面的认识并促进干涉配合技术的应用。首先,分析了支撑效应理论的不足之处,提出了经典理论难以解释的多个问题;然后,介绍了弹簧模型的基本思想及其求解结果,从弹性变形的角度对以上疑难问题作出了解释;最后,借助弹簧模型给出了干涉量的优化方法,并得到了最佳干涉量的解析表达式。弹簧模型的计算结果表明：干涉配合存在一种动态的弹性强化机制,在交变外载作用下结构组件的弹性变形及接触的自动调节作用,是被连接件传载幅值得以降低的原因;干涉量的选取不仅要考虑结构尺寸和材料,同时还应结合实际的载荷条件。     

基于区实混合序列相似度的异步不等速率航迹关联算法

在分布式多目标跟踪系统中,由于局部传感器开机时间、采样频率以及通信延迟不同等原因,导致来自各传感器的局部航迹往往是异步不等速率的。目前一般的方法是先进行时域配准再进行航迹关联,但是在同步化的过程中,航迹估计值的误差会发生传播,影响航迹关联的性能。针对此问题,提出了一种基于区实混合序列相似度的异步不等速率航迹关联算法。算法首先通过区间数-实数混合序列变换(IRST)得到等长度的航迹行为序列,然后定义一种新的序列差异信息度量,得到混合序列的相似度,以此进行航迹关联判定。仿真实验表明,该算法可以有效地解决异步不等速率航迹关联问题,并且通信延迟和数据乱序对算法性能的影响不明显。     

Target Detection and Parameter Estimation for MIMO Radar Systems

We investigate several target detection and parameter estimation techniques for a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar system. By transmitting independent waveforms via different antennas, the echoes due to targets at different locations are linearly independent of each other, which allows the direct application of many data-dependent beamforming techniques to achieve high resolution and excellent interference rejection capability. In the absence of array steering vector errors, we discuss the application of several existing data-dependent beamforming algorithms including Capon, APES (amplitude and phase estimation) and CAPES (combined Capon and APES), and then propose an alternative estimation procedure, referred to as the combined Capon and approximate maximum likelihood (CAML) method. Via several numerical examples, we show that the proposed CAML method can provide excellent estimation accuracy of both target locations and target amplitudes. In the presence of array steering vector errors, we apply the robust Capon beamformer (RCB) and doubly constrained robust Capon beamformer (DCRCB) approaches to the MIMO radar system to achieve accurate parameter estimation and superior interference and jamming suppression performance.     

Adaptive detection using low rank approximation to a data matrix

Using an accurate formula for the error in approximating a low rank component, we calculate the performance of adaptive detection based on reduced-rank nulling. In this principal component inverse (PCI) method, one temporarily regards the interference as a strong signal to be enhanced. The resulting estimate of the interference waveform is subtracted from the observed data, and matched filtering is used to detect signal components in the residual waveform. We also present a generalized likelihood-ratio test (GLRT) for adaptively detecting a low rank signal in the presence of low rank interference. This approach leads to a test which is closely related to the PCI method and extends the PCI method to the case where strong signal components are present in the data. A major accomplishment of the work is our calculation of the statistics of the output of the matched filter for the case in which interference cancellation and signal detection are carried out on the same observed data matrix. That is, no separate data is used for adaptation. Examples are presented using both simulated data and real, active-sonar reverberation data from the ARSRP, the Acoustic Reverberation Special Research Program of the Office of Naval Research     

基于触发角定时控制的异步电机软起动控制器设计

针对起重设备专用三相异步电机的直接起动问题,分析了异步电机的T型等效电路,阐述了晶闸管调压电路的工作原理,提出了一种基于触发角定时控制的异步电机软起动方法。基于MATLAB/Simulink搭建了相应的系统仿真模型,进行了提出方法的仿真分析,验证了所提方法的正确性。最后,基于单片机设计了相应的软起动器的软硬件,进行了试验测试。结果表明提出的方法可以有效地实现三相异步电机的平滑起动,起动电流较小,有效地减少了起动过程对电机和电网的影响。