Analysis of a Signal Processor for an Antenna Array

A signal processor that provides ratio-squared predetection combining, has been investigated for application in an adaptive antenna array. The analysis and experimental data presented here pertain to the signal processing gain when the antenna array is illuminated by a coherent signal source and a partially coherent noise source. For a noise source which is coherent, the processing gain depends on relative strength of the signal and noise, relative directions of arrival, and the usual "array factor." The array exhibits capturing effects much as in an FM receiver. The effective antenna pattern is a superposition of two beams of different magnitudes, one directed to the signal source and the other to the noise source. When the noise is partially coherent, the behavior of the signal processor is quite complex. Analytical prediction and experimental simulation measurement on a four-channel system indicate that the partially coherent noise may be regarded as the source of an incoherent noise component plus a coherent noise component with the magnitude of the latter determined by the coherence coefficient for the noise source.     

直升机抗噪声疲劳设计中的噪声测量

首先,以空气动力理论为基础,对直升机噪声的产生机理进行了分析,描述了直升机的噪声特性;然后,对直升机噪声测量的测试系统进行了阐述,并以小松鼠直升机为例,给出了直升机噪声测量的飞行航迹;还对直升机噪声的几种评价标准进行了说明,以实测数据为例介绍了直升机噪声处理的常规方法,其中包括A计权、1/3倍频程及声暴露级SEL等的计算;最后,给出了典型的数据处理结果。     

基于L1趋势滤波的飞控传感器降噪方法

针对飞行控制传感器中普遍存在的噪声信号,提出了一种基于L1趋势滤波技术的在线降噪方法。首先简要介绍了L1趋势滤波技术,引入了滑动窗口对算法进行改进以满足实时在线应用需求。以气压计所采集的信号为例,采用原始飞参数据,利用该方法进行降噪处理,并与文献中常用的小波降噪方法进行初步比较,基于Matlab的仿真结果验证了该方法的可行性。     

混沌时序的噪声降低技术研究

介绍了噪声对混沌时序分析的影响,回顾了混沌时序噪声降低方法的研究情况。在此基础上将Ｔａｋ－ｅｎｓ的嵌入理论拓展应用到具有噪声干扰的时间序列,并结合非线性信号处理和非线性近似函数技术,提出了一种把重构相空间同降低噪声干扰相结合的理论方法和处理技术,并以受噪声污染的Ｈｅｎｏｎ 映象时间序列为例,说明了有关概念和应用结果。     

Waveform Design for Multistatic Radar Detection

We derive the optimal Neyman-Pearson (NP) detector and its performance, and then present a methodology for the design of the transmit signal for a multistatic radar receiver. The detector assumes a Swerling I extended target model as well as signal-dependent noise, i.e., clutter. It is shown that the NP detection performance does not immediately lead to an obvious signal design criterion so that as an alternative, a divergence criterion is proposed for signal design. A simple method for maximizing the divergence, termed the maximum marginal allocation algorithm, is presented and is guaranteed to find the global maximum. The overall approach is a generalization of previous work that determined the optimal detector and transmit signal for a monostatic radar.     

Estimation of Phase Difference in Multiple Sensor Arrays

The likelihood functional for estimating parameter differences in coherent multiple-sensor receivers is developed assuming Gaussian statistics on both signal and noise. The development relies on a matrix formulation and a subsequent factorization of a parameter constraint matrix from the signal matrix. A two-antenna phase-difference radar example is presented for cases of uncorrelated and antenna-correlated noise.     

高速数据采集和分析系统研究

为了在地面实验中监测航空发动机的振动情况和进行故障诊断, 研制了高速数据采集系统、信号处理系统以及基于模糊聚类方法上的故障诊断系统。在数据采集系统中采用并行A/D结构以提高采集速度;研制高性能的数字倍频电路以准确实现整周期采样。利用软、硬件结合的方法对测试结果进行补偿, 提高了相位精度。用标准信号和现场试验信号进行考核, 结果表明该系统能很好满足测量要求。      

新型Σ-Δ多通道动态测试分析系统研究与实现

 动态测试与分析系统需要动态范围（DRN）大、信噪比（SNR）高,传统方法实现复杂且成本高。本文分析了Σ-Δ调制的动态特性,提出基于Σ-Δ ADC(模-数转换器)ADS1271,Σ-Δ DAC（数-模转换器）AIC23及浮点数字信号处理器（DSP）芯片TMS320C6713的新型高精度动态测试与分析系统,实现了多通道实时动态测试与分析,系统具有24位采集精度,8通道可级联基本模块,实时频率细化FFT（Zoom-FFT）、功率谱密度（PSD）等分析功能, 正弦、瞬态扫频、随机和冲击响应谱等信号源功能以及高速USB2.0数据传输功能。系统用于振动、冲击、噪声工程等测试与分析系统,可取代国外最新产品。     

On Signal and Noise Level Estimation in a Coherent PCM Channel

Joint maximum likelihood estimators are presented for the signal amplitude and noise power density in a coherent PCM channel with white Gaussian noise and a correlation receiver. The estimates are based upon the correlation coefficient outputs of the receiver. From these estimators, an estimator for the quantity (received signal energy)/bit/,(noise power)/(unit bandwidth) upon which the error probabilities depend, is derived. This estimator is shown to be useful as 1) a point estimator for the signal-to-noise ratio for the higher values of this ratio (about 4 dB or greater), and 2) an easily calculated statistic upon which to base data acceptance or rejection criteria. The acceptance or rejection levels are obtained by the use of confidence interval curves in conjunction with word error probability data.     

Maximun Posterion Probability Demodulation of Angle-Modulated Signals

An algorithm is presented for maximum posterior probability (MPP) demodulation of angle-modulated signals. A sampled data version of the problem is considered, in which additive Gaussian noise and Gaussian modulating signal are assumed. The algorithm is a numerical method for solving the nonlinear equations which are necessary conditions for MPP estimation. Results of a simulation of the algorithm are presented and discussed. Improvements in performance with respect to a phaselocked loop appear to stem from use of data before and after the time position of a phase estimate and from optimization of performance at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as well as at high SNR.     

子波域自适应滤波方法

推导和给出了噪声能量阈值的理论计算公式,并提出了一种实时估计信号噪声方差的有效方法,从而构成形式完整和实用的自适应相关计算子波阈滤波算法。仿真计算和分析表明：给出的方法具有良好的自适应性能和显著的滤波效果,在有效去除噪声的同时,很好保留了信号的主要细节。     

Signal to Noise Ratio Improvement by Frequency Division in the Presence of Bandpass Noise

The performance of a wide band frequency divider in the presence of additive Gaussian noise is presented. It is shown that the same theoretical signal to noise ratio improvement is attainable in this case as in the case where the spurious signal is a sine wave.     

Multiple-Tone Signals and Detection Probabillities

An analysis technique is presented for multiple-tone signals insystems employing noncoherent integration of a square-law detectoroutput. It is shown how the characteristic function for the teststatistic can be found from the easily determined "coherent"characteristic function defined in the two-dimensional signal space.This result is applied to two detection problems, the detection of multiple-tone signals in Gaussian noise and the detection of a Gaussian signal in multiple-tone plus Gaussian noise interference.The detection curves are compared to an approximation that is often used in practice to estimate performance. It is found that detection performance in the presence of multiple-tone interferences can be significantly different from that in the presence of Gaussian noise alone.     

Spectrum Distortion Due to Frequency Instabilities in a Two-Way Coherent Doppler Radar

The power spectral density of the intermediate frequency signal in a coherent Doppler navigation radar is derived. The effects of antenna parameters, periodic frequency instabilities, signal two-way transit time, and transmitter frequency modulation noise are considered Several examples based on the measured frequency modulation noise of a solid-state source transmitter are presented. The results indicate the degree of loss in signal-to-noise ratio, and spectrum broadening due to an increase in signal transit time and/or frequency modulation noise.     

EMD-EKF方法研究

应用扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)时需要估计量测噪声的统计特性。文中针对观测噪声统计特性描述不准确导致的EKF性能下降的问题,利用经验模态分解方法(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)可以分离信号和噪声的特性,提出了一种在未知量测噪声条件下的EKF方法。该方法可以跟踪观测噪声的变化,即实现了对量测噪声的估计,从而解决了在未知量测噪声的情况下的EKF问题。仿真结果表明可运用于无源定位中。     

Evaluating the Wind-Induced Mechanical Noise on the InSight Seismometers

The SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Interior Structures) instrument onboard the InSight mission to Mars is the critical instrument for determining the interior structure of Mars, the current level of tectonic activity and the meteorite flux. Meeting the performance requirements of the SEIS instrument is vital to successfully achieve these mission objectives. Here we analyse in-situ wind measurements from previous Mars space missions to understand the wind environment that we are likely to encounter on Mars, and then we use an elastic ground deformation model to evaluate the mechanical noise contributions on the SEIS instrument due to the interaction between the Martian winds and the InSight lander. Lander mechanical noise maps that will be used to select the best deployment site for SEIS once the InSight lander arrives on Mars are also presented. We find the lander mechanical noise may be a detectable signal on the InSight seismometers. However, for the baseline SEIS deployment position, the noise is expected to be below the total noise requirement \(>97~\%\) of the time and is, therefore, not expected to endanger the InSight mission objectives.     

Some Matched Filter Configurations for Infrared Systems

An analysis of the output of three alternative matched filter configurations in an infrared scanning system model is presented. The sensor is corrupted by thermal noise, generation-recombination noise, photon noise, and modulation noise, the latter providing an extreme discoloration in the signal passband. Expressions for the signal voltage density spectrum, signal pulse shape, noise power spectrum, and average noise power at the matched filter output are derived where the integral evaluations attendant to these derivations do not appear elsewhere in the literature. The paper also provides graphical displays of the signal-to-noise power ratio at the filter output versus various system parameters, noise power spectrum out of the matched filter versus ?, and the signal pulse shape out of the filter versus time. Also included are discussions of practically realizable approximations to the matched filters and curve fitting techniques for the signal pulse shape function.     

时频展缩随机共振用于航空发动机转子故障检测

提出一种基于时频展缩的随机共振算法,用于检测转子早期故障信号,该方法充分利用了随机共振检测弱信号的优势,通过引入时频展缩,消除了随机共振系统对待测信号频率的限制,实现了在绝热近似理论下,从强噪声中提取出转子微弱早期故障信号.理论分析和实测结果表明:对埋在强噪声中的未知频率的早期故障信号,采用连续的压缩算法,以获得一个适...     

Analog clutter cancellation algorithms for dynamic range reduction

A technique that effectively reduces the dynamic range of the input signal in a radar receiver prior to digitization is presented. The dynamic range reduction is accomplished through a process that predicts the next radar return signal from the previous return signals, generates a replica waveform, and subtracts this replica waveform from the radar return signal prior to digitization. This process allows the radar return signal to be digitized without distortion by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) having a limited dynamic range. The full dynamic range of the radar return signal is then restored by adding the replica waveform to the ADC output. Test and evaluation results using both synthetic and recorded radar data demonstrate in excess of a 30-dB reduction in the dynamic range of the signal at the ADC input when strong clutter is present