GPS/Galileo组合导航的模糊度搜索空间

为了组合导航的载波相位模糊度固定,将目前在GPS中常用的模糊度固定方法--最小二乘降相关平差（LAMBDA）法直接应用于GPS/Galileo组合模糊度固定,发现其搜索空间的确定方法并不能很好地适应GPS/Galileo组合中模糊度维数较高的情况。通过对常规LAMBDA搜索空间确定方法的分析比较,在传统方法的基础上提出了一种专门针对高维模糊度固定的搜索空间确定方法--修正法确定模糊度搜索空间。通过对修正法进行仿真试验,证明该方法能保证在GPS/Galileo组合定位模式下实际备选模糊度个数基本与预先设定的备选模糊度个数一致,进而能在不降低模糊度固定成功率的基础上有效提高LAMBDA模糊度固定的搜索效率,其性能优于传统的模糊度搜索空间确定方法。     

新的GPS单频单历元定姿算法

LAMBDA算法依赖于初始的模糊度浮点解,但仅用载波相位观测方程需要多个历元才能获得浮点解,将导致初始化时间过长.针对这一问题,对GPS(Global Positioning System)单历元的载波相位单差方程进行特殊变换,将未知的整周模糊度看成噪声,从而构造出新的观测方程,和原始的观测方程进行组合求解,克服了仅用载波相位双差观测方程因为亏秩而无法在单历元获得浮点解的缺点,解决了初始化时间的问题.通过深入研究浮点解和固定解之间的关系,提出一种将低精度浮点解映射到固定解的方法,降低了LAMBDA算法对高精度浮点解的依赖性,避免了用多个历元获取浮点解的高精度,从而实现了单频、单历元的整周模糊度估计.通过实际测试,该算法成功率高于97%,能够有效地用于实时动态姿态解算.      

高动态GPS信号C/A码捕获方案及实现

为检测高动态GPS(Global Positioning System)信号,需要设计码环及载波环捕获与跟踪数字系统.尽量缩短盲捕时间,快速捕获到信号,是研制高动态GPS接收机技术的关键,而GPS信号C/A码的快速捕获是码跟踪和载波捕获与跟踪的基础.主要讨论了在高动态GPS信号C/A码捕获中,并行搜索法和串行搜索法的原理与实现,并结合GEC公司的十二通道相关器GP2021,给出基于DSP(数字信号处理器)技术用串行搜索法捕获高动态GPS信号C/A码的算法实现.     

软件GPS接收机架构与捕获算法实现

为了将软件无线电技术应用于全球定位系统GPS (Global Positioning System)接收机,提出了一种符合目前硬件技术水平的软件GPS接收机设计架构;分析了软件GPS接收机信号捕获方法的要求;采用循环相关算法作为软件GPS接收机的信号捕获算法,在Matlab仿真环境下实现了相应的捕获程序,并使用GPS卫星C/A码信号采集数据进行了初步验证;初步验证结果表明这种捕获算法能够为软件GPS接收机提供快速捕获能力,同时不损失信号搜索的灵敏度,是一种适用而高效的软件GPS接收机捕获方法.      

基于载波相位三差的航天器GPS/INS组合定姿算法

研究了一种利用GPS载波相位三差观测信息的多天线GPS/INS组合定姿算法,其中包含一个基于惯性测量信息的GPS载波相位周跳检测算法。最后,通过仿真分析验证了该组合算法可以有效提高定姿精度,同时具有较好的稳定性。     

GPS锁定晶体振荡器的数据处理方法研究

针对GPS锁定晶振频率标准,提出了一种滑动平均值法滤波方法,通过这种算法建立新的取样值与历史取样值相关性,适当选取取样点数形成滑动滤波窗口,改变滑动滤波窗口大小,能有效克服GPS接收机输出的1×10^-6的波动影响,可以在很短的时间间隔内解算出被控晶振与GPS的偏差值。应用于控制算法,不断修正压控晶振的频率,使晶体振荡器锁定在GPS频率标准上。     

两种GPS广播星历参数算法的比较

介绍了新GPS广播星历参数,分析了新旧GPS广播星历参数及其用户算法的区别,导出了卫星位置矢量对新GPS广播星历参数的偏导数,并与旧GPS广播星历参数偏导数进行了简要的比较分析.计算结果表明,两种GPS广播星历参数算法都能很好地描述MEO卫星的轨道特性,且广播星历参数拟合算法的精度损失仅为数厘米.      

GPS锁定晶振的数据处理方法研究

针对GPS锁定晶振频率标准,提出了一种滑动平均值法滤波方法,通过这种算法建立新的取样值与历史取样值相关性,适当选取取样点数形成滑动滤波窗口,改变的滑动滤波窗口大小,能有效克服GPS接收机输出的1×10-6的波动影响,可以在很短的时间间隔内解算出被控晶振与GPS的偏差值,应用于控制算法,不断修正压控晶振的频率,使压控晶振锁定在GPS上。     

一种用于GPS时差比对数据处理的卡尔曼滤波器设计

介绍了一种用于GPS时差比对数据处理的自适应卡尔曼滤波器,在Matlab环境下编写了离散时间形式的卡尔曼滤波算法程序,利用该算法对GPS信号与铯原子频标的时差比对数据进行了分析处理,最后介绍了该算法的数字芯片FPGA实现。     

用于GPS接收机的自适应算法抗干扰性能比较

为了比较功率反演、多信号归类和最小范数自适应算法的抗干扰性能,研究了各算法的基本原理,并在均匀线阵中采用各算法进行仿真,比较各算法在有用信号和干扰来向上得到的天线增益.仿真中有用信号为-160 dBW的GPS卫星信号,两个同频干扰来自不同方向,并在仿真中改变干扰功率.仿真结果表明这三种算法都可以用于GPS接收机抗干扰.其中,功率反演算法抑制弱干扰的性能较差;多信号归类算法抑制弱干扰的性能较好,但会引入错误零陷;最小范数算法既可以抑制弱干扰,也不会引入错误零陷.      

Multivariate bootstrapped relative positioning of spacecraft using GPS L1/Galileo E1 signals

GNSS-based precise relative positioning between spacecraft normally requires dual frequency observations, whereas attitude determination of the spacecraft, mainly due to the stronger model given by the a priori knowledge of the length and geometry of the baselines, can be performed precisely using only single frequency observations. When the Galileo signals will come available, the number of observations at the L1 frequency will increase as we will have a GPS and Galileo multi-constellation. Moreover the L1 observations of the Galileo system and modernized GPS are more precise than legacy GPS and this, combined with the increased number of observations, will result in a stronger model for single frequency relative positioning. In this contribution we will develop an even stronger model by combining the attitude determination problem with relative positioning. The attitude determination problem will be solved by the recently developed Multivariate Constrained (MC-) LAMBDA method. We will do this for each spacecraft and use the outcome for an ambiguity constrained solution on the baseline between the spacecraft. In this way the solution for the unconstrained baseline is bootstrapped from the MC-LAMBDA solutions of each spacecraft in what is called: multivariate bootstrapped relative positioning. The developed approach will be compared in simulations with relative positioning using a single antenna at each spacecraft (standard LAMBDA) and a vectorial bootstrapping approach. In the simulations we will analyze single epoch, single frequency success rates as the most challenging application. The difference in performance for the approaches for single epoch solutions, is a good indication of the strength of the underlying models. As the multivariate bootstrapping approach has a stronger model by applying information on the geometry of the constrained baselines, for applications with large observation noise and limited number of observations this will result in a better performance compared to the vectorial bootstrapping approach. Compared with standard LAMBDA, it can reach a 59% higher success rate for ambiguity resolution. The higher success rate on the unconstrained baseline between the platforms comes without extra computational load as the constrained baseline(s) problem has to be solved for attitude determination and this information can be applied for relative positioning.     

GPS定位与测速算法研究

给出了GPS定位与测速的数学模型,然后在Gauss-Newton算法的基础上讨论了正常情况下的GPS定位与测速的迭代算法,最后给出了只有3颗可见卫星或几何精度因子太大时的处理方法,从而得出了一个完整的GPS定位与测速的迭代算法.该算法首先迭代地求定位解,并在迭代中不断更新卫星信号传播时间,然后用最后一步迭代中计算出的正规矩阵和卫星信号传播时间求解速度.     

短基线约束条件下的整周模糊度二维搜索算法

通过对基线仰角和方位角的搜索,在二次残差最小的条件下确定整周模糊度。建立了搜索模型,论述了搜索原理及其应用的具体过程,推导了粗搜索和精搜索的步长。通过试验与最小二乘降相关平差(Least-squares Ambiguity Decorrelation Adjustment,LAMBDA)算法进行分析比较,验证了新方法的正确性及可靠性,得到了1cm的基线精度,0.6°的仰角和0.4°的方位角精度,且算法简单,搜索效率高,适用于载体的姿态测量。     

Tightly combined GPS/Galileo RTK for short and long baselines: Model and performance analysis

To ensure the compatibility and interoperability with modernized GPS, Galileo satellites are capable of broadcasting navigation signals on carrier phase frequencies that overlap with GPS, i.e., GPS/Galileo L1-E1/L5-E5a. Moreover, the GPS/Galileo L2-E5b signals have different frequencies with wavelength differences smaller than 4.2?mm. Such overlapping and narrowly spaced signals between GPS and Galileo bring the opportunity to use the tightly combined double-differenced (DD) model for precise real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning, resulting in improved performance of ambiguity resolution and positioning with respect to the classical standard or loosely combined DD model. In this paper, we focus on the model and performance assessment of tightly combined GPS/Galileo L1-E1/L2-E5b/L5-E5a RTK for short and long baselines. We first investigate the tightly combined GPS/Galileo DD observational model for both short and long baselines with simultaneously considering the GPS/Galileo overlapping and non-overlapping frequencies. Particularly, we introduce a reparameterization approach to solve the rank deficiency that caused by the correlation between the DISB parameters and the DD ionospheric parameters for both overlapping and non-overlapping frequencies. Then we present performance assessment for the tightly combined GPS/Galileo RTK model with real-time estimation of the differential inter-system bias (DISB) parameters for short and long baselines in terms of ratio value, ambiguity dilution of precision (ADOP), ambiguity conditional number, decorrelation number, search count, empirical success rate, time-to-first-fix (TTFF), and positioning accuracy. Results from both static and kinematic experiments demonstrated that compared to the loosely combined model, the tightly combined model can deliver improved performance of ambiguity resolution and precise positioning with different satellite visibility. For the car-driven short baseline experiment with 10° elevation cut-off angle, the tightly combined model can not only significantly increase the ratio value by approximately 27.5% (from 16.0 to 20.4), but also reduce the ambiguity ADOP, the conditional number, and the search count in LAMBDA by approximately 22.2% (from 0.027 to 0.021 cycles), 14.9% (from 199.2 to 169.6), and 25.4% (from 150.1 to 112.0), respectively. Comparable decorrelation number, empirical success rate, and positioning accuracy are also obtained. For the car-driven long baseline experiment, it is also observed that the ambiguity resolution performance in terms of the ratio value, the decorrelation number, the condition number, and the search count are significantly improved by approximately 18.5% (from 2.7 to 3.2), 22.0% (from 0.186 to 0.227), 55.9% (from 937.6 to 413.7), and 10.3% (from 43.8 to 39.3), respectively. Moreover, comparable ADOP, empirical success rate, and positioning accuracy are obtained as well. Additionally, the TTFF can be reduced (from 54.1 to 51.8 epochs with 10° elevation cut-off angle) as well from the results of static experiments.     

基于D-S证据理论的GPS/MM组合系统车辆定位算法

根据分段、特征提取等地图匹配关键技术探讨了地图匹配的一般原理,提出了基于D-S证据推理理论的GPS(Global Positioning System)/MM(Map Matching)组合算法,提高了GPS单点定位精度.仿真结果和跑车实验验证结果表明上述方法是行之有效的.地图匹配算法不增加系统的硬件成本,对目前广泛应用的车载GPS导航定位系统是一个有效的解决方案.      

利用GPS实现高轨卫星定位的抗远近效应算法

针对GPS应用于高轨卫星定位面临的远近效应问题, 提出利用正交相关的联合极大似然估计算法来对GPS信号进行二维搜索, 可以得到正确的码延时及多普勒估计. 极大似然估计算法首先利用滑行相关法对仿真信号中的强信号进行搜索, 得到强信号模型, 然后利用正交相关去掉强信号, 最终实现对弱信号的正确捕获. 本文对高轨卫星接收到的GPS信号进行了功率分析, 并建立了信号模型, 进行了算法仿真. 结果表明, 这种估计算法能够提高二维搜索性能, 有效解决远近效应问题.      

高精度SINS/CCD/GPS组合导航系统研究与仿真

选取捷联惯导系统误差作为系统状态,利用捷联惯导系统(SINS)与电荷耦合器件(CCD)星敏感器各自的姿态矩阵输出构造量测,设计SINS/CCD组合导航算法;利用SINS与全球定位系统(GPS)各自的速度、位置输出构造量测,设计SINS/GPS组合导航算法。然后,利用联邦型卡尔曼滤波技术,将各子滤波器输出的系统状态局部最优估计值送入主滤波器,通过全局最优融合算法计算得到系统状态的全局最优估计值。仿真结果表明,基于SINS/CCD/GPS的组合导航系统具有很高的导航精度,达到了3.5m的定位精度和9″的航向精度,非常适用于飞行器的高精度导航定位。