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一种综合式载人月球基地总体方案及建造规划设想 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
构建载人月球基地是实现对月球资源深度开发和利用的重要手段之一,文章提出了刚性舱、刚性+柔性结构以及建造式等三种典型结构的载人月球基地方案,并对三种典型方案的优缺点进行对比分析,在此基础上提出了一种综合式载人月球基地方案设想,基地内部主体创新性地采用充气式柔性连接的方式,外部主体包括月壤防护层、植物密封舱和应急救生飞船,活动系统包括月球车和月球机器人。围绕该方案并结合文章提出的载人月球基地主要技术指标,并对载人月球基地选址、结构设计和构建、空间辐射防护、热管理、能源、通信与导航、生命保障和应急救生技术等关键技术方案进行了分析,为中国未来建设载人月球基地提供了参考。 相似文献
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有人月球基地构建方案设想 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
有人月球基地的建设能将人类的活动区域扩展到月球,实现月球资源的深度开发和利用,服务于人类社会发展。中国开展月球基地建设,在技术上是空间站工程和载人登月工程的有效结合,也有利于其载人航天工程的可持续发展。文章针对有人月球基地的构建,将有人月球基地构建的基本途径分为刚性舱组装、柔性舱组装和月面建筑式三大类,并指出在月球基地发展的不同阶段构建途径的选择原则,再结合中国国情,提出了中国在有人月球基地发展初期的构建方案,最后对有人月球基地构建中的一些关键问题进行了分析总结。 相似文献
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《Acta Astronautica》1986,13(9):527-536
The planned construction of a permanently manned space station in low earth orbit has reopened the discussion about the establishment of a manned lunar base within the next 25 years for exploration of the Moon and space. Several studies demonstrate that a lunar base very modest in size may cost $50 to 90 billion spread over 25 years which would fit into the expected NASA budget for this period. Having these cost in mind the authors present a concept having a greater effectiveness based on the following operational characteristics: (1) The development of a low cost heavy-lift launch vehicle for cargo transportation and propellant supply reduces the specific transportation cost by one order of magnitude compared to the existing Space Shuttle system. (2) Orbital transfer vehicles with LOX/LH2 technology should be preferred over advanced propulsion systems because of proved technology and cost reduction by utilization of lunar produced LOX. (3) The evolution of the lunar base towards a lunar colony and manufacturing facility could only be initiated by a powerful transportation system allowing for cost-effective space construction projects and manned spaceflight to other planets.The lunar base program of this paper is based on a schedule considering a 8 years development, 5 years lunar base assembly and 20 years operational phase during which the lunar crew will increase from 60 to 180 people. Launch rates will be 10 shuttle launches and 10 HLLV launches p.a. at the average. Development costs of the transportation and lunar base system will amount to $29 billion. Adding hardware and operational costs for lunar base assembly results in the acquisition cost of $49 billion. Total life cycle costs are estimated to be in the order of $101 billion considering a 20 years operational phase which will cost $2.6 billion p.a. at the average. For the 2508 man-years spent in lunosphere the relative cost will be $40.2 million per man-year of which space transportation will cost $25.0 million per man-year. 相似文献
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文章针对未来有人参与的月球探测任务,首先开展了月球表面环境地面模拟试验验证需求分析,归纳总结了国内外技术发展现状。然后,提出并分析了载人月球探测地面模拟试验需重点研究的关键技术:真空热环境下月面移动式多体低重力模拟技术;复杂月面环境高精度热流模拟技术;大容量布尘条件下超高真空获得与保持技术;月面辐射与月尘环境模拟技术;月尘防护效能量化评估技术;月面综合环境试验验证技术等。最后,给出了面向载人月球探测的月面环境模拟试验技术研究总体方案,并对月面环境模拟试验技术的发展目标进行了展望。 相似文献
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A.N. Denisov N.V. Kuznetsov R.A. Nymmik M.I. Panasyuk N.M. Sobolevsky 《Acta Astronautica》2011,68(9-10):1440-1447
In connection with projects on a manned base on the Moon, the assessment of radiation risk to staff of the base owing to galactic (GCR) and solar (SEP) cosmic radiation becomes very relevant. The paper describes the methodology for assessing the radiation environment on the lunar surface and in the depths of lunar soil taking into account the primary and secondary radiation caused by protons and nuclei of GCR and SEP. Calculated fluencies of particles are used to estimate the average annual absorbed and equivalent local doses in tissue. Contribution to the dose of secondary neutrons at depths of lunar soil exceeds the contribution of protons. Contribution to the dose of secondary particles generated by GCR nuclei should be taken into account. 相似文献
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A recent study made by ESA has reviewed the scientific investigations to be only, or best, performed on the Moon (Return to the Moon, ESA SP-1150, June 1992), and has identified the need for a manned lunar outpost to provide support to field geologists in sampling and in-situ observations of the lunar surface, and to allow the refurbishments of surface stations and rovers. Planning and development for a manned outpost on the Moon requires an in-depth understanding and analysis of the functions this outpost is expected to perform. We therefore analyzed the impact of the proposed scientific investigations on the design of a manned lunar outpost. The specific questions raised in our study were: What are the medical, physiological and psychological risks for a crew to stay and to work on the Moon? What transit and lunar surface infrastructures (habitats and vehicles) are needed to minimize those risks? 相似文献
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航天员在月面驻留与活动离不开登月航天服的保护。文章考虑载人登月任务环境对登月航天服的各种特殊要求后,从满足环境适应性的服装工艺设计角度对登月航天服进行了总体概念设计:应用基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)方法,利用SysML搭建登月航天服模型,采取舱内/月面兼用设计模式;主要对其头盔、躯干主体部分、手套、靴子、生命保障背包,以及安全性可靠性等方面分别开展设计与说明。该设计思路和方案可为我国载人登月以及载人深空探测航天服设计提供参考。 相似文献
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载人登月舱是完成载人登月任务的关键环节,也是登月飞行器系统的核心部分。由于登月舱推进剂占总质量的70%以上,因此在概念设计阶段,多方案比较应重点针对推进剂类型及其对应的构型开展对比分析,从而明确总体方案的深入方向。文章给出了该多方案比较的基本思路,并利用美国Altair登月舱作为实例具体说明该方法的基本流程,首先开展月面着陆器的分级方案选择分析、多种推进剂选择分析,并根据推进剂选择分析的结果,完成上升级、二级方案下降级、三级方案制动级的构型方案分析以及气闸舱的布局分析,最后给出组合多种可行方案,并对多种方案进行综合评价,开展比较分析,筘得帚倦对比音塞曲詹缝铖人签目舱柏袷证工椎打下了基础。 相似文献
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针对载人登月任务中人货分运飞行模式,精确快速设计了着陆器(LM)的奔月轨道,分析了轨道窗口特性。以着陆器的奔月出发时刻、纬度幅角和加速脉冲为设计变量,基于多圆锥曲线法动力学模型,利用序列二次规划(SQP)优化算法对奔月轨道快速求解。在地心白道系下提出了近月点伪经度判别准则,该方法可为轨道设计参数初值提供正确参考。最后以伪倾角为窗口特性分析参数,发现了近月点窗口、近地点出发位置的变化规律。仿真结果表明,本文提出的伪经度搜索方法能够快速求解着陆器地月转移轨道,同时揭示了环月到达轨道(LLO)与近地出发轨道(LEO)之间的内在联系,研究结论可为未来载人登月工程提供借鉴。 相似文献
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基于激光干涉星间测距原理的下一代月球卫星重力测量计划需求论证 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
月球卫星重力测量是21世纪国际开展深空探测的发展趋势和追逐热点。月球重力场的精密测量是国际探月计划的重要组成部分,它决定着月球探测器的轨道优化设计和载人登月飞船月面理想着陆点的合适选取。本文首先介绍未来国际GRAIL(Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory)月球重力场探测双星计划的总体概述、关键载荷以及科学目标和研究方向。其次,重点阐述月球卫星观测模式可行性论证、月球卫星关键载荷的优化选取、卫星轨道参数的优化设计、仿真模拟研究的先期开展等我国将来月球卫星重力测量计划的实施建议。第一,由于高低/低低卫星跟踪卫星结合多普勒和甚长基线干涉系统观测模式(SST-HL/LL-Doppler-VLBI)对中长波月球重力场的探测精度较高,技术要求相对较低,月球重力场测定速度快、代价低和效益高,可借鉴地球重力卫星GRACE(Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment)系统的成功经验,对定轨精度的要求较低,而且可有效探测远月面区域的月球重力场信号,因此我国将来首期月球卫星重力测量计划采用SST-HL/LL-Doppler-VLBI观测模式较优。第二,我国应先期开展高精度的月球重力卫星关键载荷(激光干涉星间测距仪、非保守力补偿系统等)和地面Doppler\|VLBI系统的研制工作。第三,月球卫星轨道高度(50~100 km)和星间距离(100±50 km)的优化设计是成功实施将来我国月球卫星重力测量计划的重要保证。第四,建议我国将仿真技术应用于月球重力卫星的方案论证、系统设计、部件研制、产品检验、实际应用、故障分析等研制和运行的全过程。本文的研究不仅对我国将来首期月球卫星重力测量计划的成功实施具有重要的参考价值,同时对未来国际太阳系行星重力探测的发展方向具有广泛的指导意义。
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模拟载人探月中航天员空间辐射风险评估 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
空间辐射是长期载人航天飞行任务中影响航天员健康的重要风险因素。为了探求载人探月过程中对空间辐射的合理防护方式,文章借助空间辐射场模型对"嫦娥三号"飞行任务在不同质量厚度材料屏蔽下的舱内空间辐射环境进行了仿真计算,并确定了航天员各器官接受的空间辐射剂量、剂量当量以及有效剂量等辐射防护量以进行辐射风险评估。结果表明,随着屏蔽厚度的增加,航天员的各组织或器官的吸收剂量和剂量当量以及有效剂量均明显降低;采用质量屏蔽的方法对低于100 Me V的质子具有很好的防护效果,但对高能质子或重离子的防护效果不明显。计算和分析显示,载人探月过程中,只要采取适当的防护措施,航天员的空间辐射风险是可控的。 相似文献
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Phillip S. Clark 《Space Policy》1991,7(3)
In the last two years the USSR has not only acknowledged publicly for the first time that it was trying to ‘race’ the USA to put the first man on the Moon, but they have finally given some details of the programme, the equipment and the political in-fighting which ensured that the programme was a failure. This article traces the history of the Soviet manned lunar programme and also discusses the implications for the future development of the Soviet manned programme of the giant N-1 booster's cancellation in 1974. 相似文献
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