红外可见兼容隐身薄膜的制备与性能

采用多弧离子镀制备了多彩Al/TiNO(掺氮TiO2)薄膜,利用SEM观察了薄膜的表面、断面形貌,并测量了其膜厚.采用XRD研究了薄膜的相结构.利用紫外一可见分光光度计研究了TiNO膜的可见光谱特性,用红外比辐射率测量仪测量了样品的红外发射率.结果表明:在不改变Al箔在8～14 um波段低红外发射率的情况下,实现了其物理着色.所得薄膜为锐钛矿型TiO2结构,薄膜表面平整、致密,结合力较好.TiNO薄膜呈明显柱状生长,薄膜试样表面未出现明显缺陷,薄膜表面致密,柱状颗粒生长完好.TiNO薄膜的沉积速率达120 nm/min.     

可见光迷彩低红外发射率薄膜制备及其特性

采用多弧离子镀技术,在Al基底上制备了TiO2/TiN多层膜。通过控制基底材料的粗糙度使制备出的薄膜在可见波段具有非镜面反射效果。采用扫描电镜、红外辐射率测量仪、紫外-可见-近红外光光度计等测试手段对薄膜样品进行了表征。结果表明,采用多弧离子镀法在Al基底上制备了结合力良好、具有迷彩效果的低红外发射率薄膜。研究发现,随氧化层厚度增加,薄膜发射率趋向稳定(0.2左右)。薄膜电阻随氧化层厚度的变化无明显变化。     

大气及地面红外辐射对高空飞机长波低发射率红外隐身效果的影响

计算分析了蒙皮反射的大气及地面红外辐射对高空飞机采用低发射率材料的红外隐身效果的影响.蒙皮温度采用恢复温度,红外辐射采用反向蒙特卡罗法计算.考虑了夏季和冬季两种典型大气和地面条件,亚声速巡航和超声速巡航两种飞行状态.结果表明:蒙皮对背景红外辐射的反射使得低发射率材料对飞机红外辐射强度的抑制效率降低1.5%~6%;考虑反射的背景红外辐射时,探测距离增加20%~70%;背景红外辐射对低速飞机的红外辐射影响较大,且夏季比冬季更明显;当飞行速度较低时,降低飞机上表面发射率,当飞行速度较高时,降低飞机全部表面的发射率,可获得更好的红外隐身效果.      

红外隐身涂层及对雷达吸波性能的影响

研究了红外雷达兼容隐身涂层红外发射率及雷达波隐身兼容性的影响因素,包括填料的类型、质量分数及涂层厚度。研究表明,以填充30wt%的HW-3型铝粉为填料,制备的涂层厚度为20μm时,涂层红外发射率达到0.25,能大幅降低材料表明红外辐射温度,且对微波隐身兼容性良好。     

可用于红外隐身的纳米石墨薄膜热辐射调制器的研究

碳材料以重量轻、比表面积大、机械强度高、导电性好等特性在隐身技术领域有巨大的应用潜力。本文基于化学气相沉积方法，通过优化生长温度、降温速率和氢气流量制备出厚度为500～700nm、表面褶皱且具有高结晶度的石墨薄膜。进一步通过构建夹层结构的中红外热辐射调制器，研究了离子插入对纳米石墨薄膜红外热辐射性能的影响，发现在0～4V电压调控范围，通过电控制离子液体插入，石墨薄膜的红外发射率可以从0.38降低到0.06，且红外发射率调谐性能可逆。这种纳米石墨薄膜可以作为一种新型的智能热表面材料，用于复杂背景下的动态热伪装或红外隐身，同时其发射率可动态调谐的性能使其在辐射冷却、个人热管理和红外通信等方面也有巨大的潜在应用价值。     

多弧离子镀Cr/Cr2O3薄膜红外及可见光谱特性

采用多弧离子镀制备了具有不同色彩的Cr/Cr2O3薄膜,利用紫外-可见光分光光度计研究了薄膜在可见和红外波段的光谱特性,利用SEM进行薄膜表面结构和形貌的分析,利用四探针测阻仪测试了样品的方块电阻,利用红外发射率测量仪测试了样品的红外发射率。结果表明:Cr/Cr2O3薄膜具有丰富的色彩,在可见光区有明显的反射峰,可见光区光谱特性主要受膜厚的影响,方块电阻随膜厚增加而有变大,样品的红外发射率主要取决于金属层,平均红外发射率最小降至0.371。     

飞行器排气系统红外隐身技术探析

针对飞行器排气系统的红外隐身问题,对其红外辐射特性、辐射机理进行了讨论分析,重点探讨了排气系统应用遮挡技术、冷却技术以及低红外发射率技术等几种红外隐身技术的特点和效果,论述了飞行器排气系统红外隐身技术的发展趋势,为飞行器红外隐身设计提供了参考。     

战斗机8~14μm波段红外特征及低发射率材料隐身效果

对某典型战斗机在8~14μm波段范围内的红外积分辐射强度空间分布进行了数值计算,考虑了大气透过率的影响,计算了使用红外搜索跟踪系统对战斗机进行探测时的探测距离,并分析了该战斗机采用低发射率材料后的红外隐身效果.战斗机的流场采用商用Fluent软件进行计算,红外辐射特征及探测距离采用自开发的NUAA-IRSE软件进行计算.计算结果表明:在8~14μm波段,周向角一定时,俯仰角越大红外积分辐射强度越大;俯仰角一定时,周向角越大红外积分辐射强度越大.采用低发射率材料后,战斗机在整个空间方向范围内,其红外积分辐射强度降低,战斗机红外隐身效果提高.      

改性三元乙丙橡胶用于红外隐身涂层的研究

采用正交试验制备了三元乙丙橡胶接枝马来酸酐(EPDM-g-MAH),并以此为黏合剂,铜粉为填料制备了发射率可调的热红外隐身涂层,对涂层进行了红外光谱、红外发射率、微观形貌、力学性能等方面的分析.结果表明该涂层发射率可低至0.15左右,且可以显著减少填料的用量,明显提高涂层的力学性能:附着力可以从3级提高到1级,铅笔硬度从2B提高到3H,柔韧性都为1 mm,耐冲击力都大于50 cm.根据正交试验得到了优化试验条件,获得了涂层力学性能较好、红外发射率低的黏合剂材料.     

典型亚声速飞翼布局无人机红外隐身特性分析

隐身技术作为提高作战生存力的关键环节,是复杂对抗环境下武器装备信息化作战的最重要技术指标。飞翼布局以其独特的隐身优势,成为无人作战飞机首选布局形式。文章以超低RCS亚声速飞翼布局无人机平台为基础,从多频谱隐身特征平衡设计出发,针对其采用低发射率材料前后的红外隐身特性进行了对比分析,验证了红外隐身措施的有效性。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.