钛合金BT20的立铣试验研究

传统的钛合金铣削工艺因其切削速度低 ,不能满足数控铣削的工艺要求。采用优化几何参数的硬质合金涂层刀具、大功率数控机床、大流量全冷式切削油进行冷却和润滑 ,可以实现高速铣削钛合金     

基于支持向量机和粒子群算法的钛合金铣削加工参数优化

钛合金材料在加工过程中受铣削力影响易于产生变形而影响加工效果,为保证加工质量,提高生产效率及降低加工成本,研究切削加工参数的合理选择非常重要.对钛合金材料Ti6Al4V铣削加工进行有限元数值计算,结合试验设计方法构建了基于支持向量机的切削力预测模型,以材料去除率为优化目标,提出了一种基于支持向量机和粒子群算法的优化方法,对钛合金铣削加工参数进行了优化.结果表明,该方法准确、高效、可行,为钛合金加工工艺参数优化提供一种新的方法,具有良好的推广价值.     

基于Box-Behnken设计的高速铣削TC11钛合金切削力预测模型研究

为了优化TC11钛合金高速铣削过程中的铣削参数,基于Box-Behnken响应曲面设计,采用硬质合金刀具在乳化液冷却条件下进行了TC11钛合金高速铣削实验,建立了三个方向切削力预测模型,对所建模型进行了方差分析,并对模型中系数进行了显著性检验。实验结果表明:在实验参数范围内,所建立的二阶多项式切削力预测模型是有效的;切削力随铣削速度增加而降低,随每齿进给量、铣削深度和铣削宽度升高而升高;铣削深度对切削力影响最为显著。     

面向加工表面粗糙度的钛合金高速铣削工艺参数区间敏感性及优选

钛合金高速铣削以高效率、高质量的优点广泛应用于航空航天行业.针对高速铣削中表面粗糙度的工艺控制,提出了基于表面粗糙度经验模型的工艺参数灵敏度和相对灵敏度概念.通过高速端面铣削正交试验,建立了面向表面粗糙度的工艺参数灵敏度和相对灵敏度数学模型,研究了工艺参数区间敏感性分析方法,给出了工艺参数稳定域和非稳定域的划分原则和方法.结合正交试验法中的极差分析方法获得了不同切削工艺参数对表面粗糙度的影响曲线,提出了工艺参数区间的优选方法.研究结果表明:TC11钛合金高速铣削时,表面粗糙度对铣削速度的变化最为敏感,对每齿进给量变化敏感次之,对铣削宽度和铣削深度的变化不敏感;铣削速度优选在314～377 m/min范围,每齿进给量优选在0.03～0.05 mm/z范围,可控制表面粗糙度在0.6 μm以内.为优化钛合金材料高速铣削工艺以及进行表面粗糙度控制研究提供理论方法和试验依据.     

钛合金径向超声振动铣削表面粗糙度研究

为提高钛合金零件加工质量,设计了径向超声振动辅助铣削试验装置,研究了切削速度、切削深度、进给速度和超声振动幅值对钛合金零件表面粗糙度的影响规律.试验结果表明,与普通铣削相比,径向超声振动铣削后工件上的刀痕更加平整、分布更加均匀,材料去除更彻底,有效减少了由于钛合金切屑粘刀造成的表面划痕和积屑瘤等现象.在不同的切削参数下,径向超声振动铣削均可以改善钛合金零件的表面粗糙度,这一点在低速切削时更为明显,而超声振动幅值过大或过小都会影响加工质量.对加工系统的切削力进行了分析,发现超声振动辅助铣削时系统的切削力明显减小,有助于提高加工系统的稳定性,从而能够获得较好的表面质量.     

钛合金攻丝试验

我厂从一九八二年下半年对TC4钛合金的钻孔,攻丝进行了一系列的试验,我们先后试验了M6×1标准丝锥、螺旋丝锥、跳牙丝锥、修正齿丝锥及几种切削液对攻丝冷却润滑,切削力影响的比较,并对M8×1螺纹攻丝也做了部分试验,试验基本得到了满意的结果。我们认为,钛合金攻丝困难的主要原因是工件材料的特殊物理机械性能和标准丝锥结构及几何参数的不适应所致。     

TC11钛合金插铣加工铣削力影响参数的灵敏度分析

 为优化钛合金插铣加工工艺参数,对铣削力的控制提供试验依据,采用三因素四水平正交试验方法对TC11钛合金进行了插铣试验,运用多元线性回归进行数值拟合,建立了三向铣削力的数学模型。基于此模型,采用灵敏度分析的方法,分别分析了三向铣削力对铣削速度、每齿进给量和铣削深度的绝对灵敏度和相对灵敏度,研究了铣削参数对铣削力的影响规律。结果表明：钛合金插铣加工中,三向铣削力都随着铣削速度、每齿进给量和铣削深度的增加而增加,但影响程度不同;z向铣削力比x向、y向铣削力对铣削参数变化更为敏感;三向铣削力都是对铣削深度的变化最敏感,对每齿进给量次之,对铣削速度最不敏感。     

钛合金切削力和表面粗糙度试验研究

在对TC4-DT钛合金进行铣削试验的基础上,从切削力和刀具失效的角度研究了铣削刀具适配性,根据优选刀具的试验结果建立了表面粗糙度预测模型,分析了铣削参数对表面粗糙度的影响规律.结果表明:在选定的刀具条件下,无涂层、大刀尖圆弧半径和刀齿数少的刀具适合切削TC4-DT钛合金;铣削宽度对表面粗糙度影响最大;铣削深度和铣削宽度对表面粗糙度的综合影响呈马鞍面趋势.     

TC17钛合金高速铣削表面粗糙度及参数灵敏度研究

采用单因素试验法,对硬质合金刀具高速铣削TC17钛合金时,切削参数对表面粗糙度的影响规律进行了研究,为钛合金整体叶盘叶片类零件精加工的高速切削工艺参数优化提供了试验依据.对切削参数的灵敏度进行了分析,可以看出,每齿进给量对表面粗糙度的影响最为敏感,其次是切削速度和铣削深度.     

基于试件疲劳寿命的内R成型铣刀铣削圆角参数优化

在研究利用内R成型铣刀加工孔口圆角工艺方法的基础上,针对TB6高强度钛合金材料,设计并开展了基于铣削参数的正交疲劳性能测试试验,分析了内R成型铣刀的最大切削线速度vc、每齿进给量fz和切削深度ap对试件疲劳寿命的影响规律,得到对TB6钛合金材料疲劳极限影响最大的铣削参数是每齿进给量,其次是切削深度和线速度。基于试件的疲劳寿命测试数据对铣削参数进行优化,得到使TB6试件疲劳极限最高的铣削参数为vc=20m/min,fz=0.04～0.08mm/z,ap=0.1mm。     

Minimum quantity lubrication machining of aeronautical materials using carbon group nanolubricant: From mechanisms to application

It is an inevitable trend of sustainable manufacturing to replace flood and dry machining with minimum quantity lubrication(MQL) technology. Nevertheless, for aeronautical difficult-tomachine materials, MQL couldn’t meet the high demand of cooling and lubrication due to high heat generation during machining. Nano-biolubricants, especially non-toxic carbon group nano-enhancers(CGNs) are used, can solve this technical bottleneck. However, the machining mechanisms under lubrication of CGNs are uncl...     

Effect of cooling strategies on performance and mechanism of helical milling of CFRP/Ti-6Al-4V stacks

Hole-making for Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics(CFRP)/Ti-6Al-4V stacks is crucial for the assembling strength of aircraft structure parts. This work carried out experimental work for helical milling(HM) of the stacks with sustainable cooling/lubrication(dry, MQL and cryogenic)conditions. Cutting forces and temperatures at the CFRP layer, Ti-6Al-4V layer and the interface of stacks were obtained by a developed measuring system. The temperatures in CFRP machining at cryogenic condition varied fro...     

Milling surface roughness for 7050 aluminum alloy cavity influenced by nozzle position of nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication

In nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL) milling of aviation aluminum alloy, it is the bottleneck problem to adjust the position parameters (target distance, incidence angle, and elevation angle) of the nozzle to improve the surface roughness of milling, which has large and uncontrollable errors. In this paper, the influence law of milling cutter speed, helical angle, and cavity shape on the flow field around the milling cutter was studied, and the optimal nozzle profile parameters were obtained. Using 7050 aluminum alloy as the workpiece material, the milling experiment of the NMQL cavity was conducted by utilizing cottonseed oil-based Al₂O₃ nanofluid. Results show that the high velocity of the surrounding air flow field and the strong gas barrier could be attributed to high rotating velocities of the milling cutter. The incidence angle of the nozzle was consistent with the helical angle of the milling cutter, the target distance was appropriate at 25–30 mm, and the elevation angle was suitable at 60°–65°. The range and variance analyses of the signal-to-noise ratio of milling force and roughness were performed, and the chip morphology was observed and analyzed. The results show that the optimal combination of nozzle position parameters was the target distance of 30 mm, the incidence angle of 35°, and the elevation angle of 60°. Among these parameters, target distance had the largest impact on cutting performance with a contribution rate of more than 55%, followed by incidence angle and elevation contribution rate. Analysis by orthogonal experiment revealed that the nozzle position parameters were appropriate, and R_a (0.087 μm) was reduced by 30.4% from the maximum value (0.125 μm). Moreover, R_sm (0.05 mm) was minimum, which was 36% lower than that of the seventh group (R_sm = 0.078 mm).     

Ti—1023钛合金的立铣问题

本文对Ti-1023钛合金的立铣进行了研究。测量了顺铣逆铣时的切削力,分析了铣削力、立铣刀挠度对精度的影响,推荐了Ti-1023钛合金立铣(铣周边、铣槽)的切削参数。     

航空铝合金铣削加工中切削力的数值模拟研究

为了弥补当前斜角切削数值模拟多采用直线刀刃的不足,结合立铣加工的实际情况,提出了适合立铣加工的螺旋齿单刃斜角切削有限元模型,进而对航空铝合金7050-T7451进行了铣削加工切削力的数值模拟研究,得到了切削力值。通过铣削力实验测得了同样切削条件下的铣削力值,数值模拟结果与实验值比较吻合,从而证明所建立的有限元模型是正确的,可用于预报铣削力值。铣削加工切削力的数值模拟研究为航空铝合金切削加工的工艺参数优化、刀具的合理选择及其优化设计奠定了基础,同时也为进一步有效控制整体结构件的加工变形提供了新的研究手段。     

机器人旋转超声铣削铝合金铣削力实验研究

基于KUKA工业机器人开展旋转超声铣削2A12铝合金实验,研究两种铣削方式切削点运动轨迹,为进一步研究铣削力奠定了基础.并分析旋转超声铣削(RUM)实验和普通铣削(CM)主轴转速、进给速度、径向切宽、轴向切深和超声电流对铣削力的影响规律.结果表明旋转超声铣削与普通铣削相比铣削力明显降低.     

Specific grinding energy and surface roughness of nanoparticle jet minimum quantity lubrication in grinding

Nanoparticles with the anti-wear and friction reducing features were applied as cooling lubricant in the grinding fluid. Dry grinding, flood grinding, minimal quantity of lubrication（MQL）, and nanoparticle jet MQL were used in the grinding experiments. The specific grinding energy of dry grinding, flood grinding and MQL were 84, 29.8, 45.5 J/mm³, respectively. The specific grinding energy significantly decreased to 32.7 J/mm³ in nanoparticle MQL. Compared with dry grinding, the surface roughness values of flood grinding, MQL, and nanoparticle jet MQL were significantly reduced with the surface topography profile values reduced by 11%, 2.5%, and 10%,respectively, and the ten point height of microcosmic unflatness values reduced by 1.5%, 0.5%,and 1.3%, respectively. These results verified the satisfactory lubrication effects of nanoparticle MQL. MoS₂, carbon nanotube（CNT）, and ZrO₂ nanoparticles were also added in the grinding fluid of nanoparticle jet MQL to analyze their grinding surface lubrication effects. The specific grinding energy of MoS₂ nanoparticle was only 32.7 J/mm³, which was 8.22% and 10.39% lower than those of the other two nanoparticles. Moreover, the surface roughness of workpiece was also smaller with MoS₂ nanoparticle, which indicated its remarkable lubrication effects. Furthermore,the role of MoS₂ particles in the grinding surface lubrication at different nanoparticle volume concentrations was analyzed. MoS₂ volume concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% were used.Experimental results revealed that the specific grinding energy and the workpiece surface roughness initially increased and then decreased as MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration increased.Satisfactory grinding surface lubrication effects were obtained with 2% MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration.     

TC4钛合金侧铣加工表面形貌分析及工艺参数优化

TC4钛合金是 1种典型的不易加工材料,其切削加工表面质量很难控制。为实现面向侧铣加工表面形貌的切削工艺参数优选,开展了 TC4钛合金侧铣加工实验研究。首先,探究了加工表面微观缺陷特征及其形成机制;然后,采用粗糙度参数 Ra和 Sa对铣削表面形貌进行定量表征,并分析了切削速度、进给量和切削深度对表面粗糙度参数的影响;最后,基于遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)对铣削工艺参数进行了优化。研究发现,加工表面微观缺陷主要有进给刀痕等固有缺陷和黏附颗粒等随机缺陷。铣削表面粗糙度随主轴转速的增大先减小后增大;随径向切深的增大先增大后减小;随进给量先增大后减小。在主轴转速 n = 1 093 r/min、径向切深 ae = 0.2 mm、每转进给量 f = 0.06 mm/r的条件下可以获得较小的表面粗糙度。     

钛合金螺旋铣孔孔径偏差研究

螺旋铣孔是航空航天领域新出现的制孔技术,其切削过程中会产生径向切削力,从而引起刀具变形并造成孔径偏差。针对该问题开展了钛合金螺旋铣孔孔径偏差试验,分析了包括进给方向在内的不同加工参数对孔径偏差的影响规律;基于螺旋铣孔运动学原理对不同进给方向下的材料去除过程和径向切削力方向进行了研究,分析了不同进给方向下的孔径偏差变化规律及形成原因,并设计切削力试验进行了验证;通过分析不同加工参数下的未变形切屑形状及径向切削力变化情况,研究了各加工参数对孔径变化趋势的影响规律。研究结果表明,当进给方向为顺时针时,刀具受背离孔心的径向切削力的作用向孔径外侧发生挠曲变形,导致所加工孔径大于理论孔径;当进给方向为逆时针时则相反。进给速度和导程的增加将加剧孔径偏差,切削速度的增加则会减弱孔径偏差。     

Grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient in MQL grinding of high-temperature nickel-base alloy by using different vegetable oils as base oil

Vegetable oil can be used as a base oil in minimal quantity of lubrication(MQL). This study compared the performances of MQL grinding by using castor oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, and palm oil as base oils. A K-P36 numerical-control precision surface grinder was used to perform plain grinding on a workpiece material with a high-temperature nickel base alloy. A YDM–III 99 three-dimensional dynamometer was used to measure grinding force,and a clip-type thermocouple was used to determine grinding temperature. The grinding force, grinding temperature, and energy ratio coefficient of MQL grinding were compared among the seven vegetable oil types. Results revealed that(1) castor oil-based MQL grinding yields the lowest grinding force but exhibits the highest grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient;(2) palm oil-based MQL grinding generates the second lowest grinding force but shows the lowest grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient;(3) MQL grinding based on the five other vegetable oils produces similar grinding forces, grinding temperatures, and energy ratio coefficients, with values ranging between those of castor oil and palm oil;(4) viscosity significantly influences grinding force and grinding temperature to a greater extent than fatty acid varieties and contents in vegetable oils;(5) although more viscous vegetable oil exhibits greater lubrication and significantly lower grinding force than less viscous vegetable oil, high viscosity reduces the heat exchange capability of vegetable oil and thus yields a high grinding temperature;(6) saturated fatty acid is a more efficient lubricant than unsaturated fatty acid; and(7) a short carbon chain transfers heat more effectively than a long carbon chain. Palm oil is the optimum base oil of MQL grinding, and this base oil yields 26.98 N tangential grinding force,87.10 N normal grinding force, 119.6 °C grinding temperature, and 42.7% energy ratio coefficient.