Pulse Doppler signature of a rotary-wing aircraft

Field measurements of a modified Sikorsky S-55 helicopter target were carried out to investigate rotary-wing aircraft Doppler radar signature phenomenology. The results of the data analysis with regard to classification and identification of the aircraft based on its signature are presented. It was found that using the Doppler radar return and appropriate feature extraction techniques, the helicopter's design features can be estimated. Target backscatter from the main rotor blades, tail rotor blades, or hub can be used for target detection, acquisition, and classification as a rotary-wing aircraft. The extraction of configuration and blade count features can further define the helicopter for identification     

Analysis of array errors and a short-time processor in airbornephased array radars

Array errors are inherent in a realistic phased array radar system. The influence of array errors on the clutter degrees of freedom and the clutter subspace in an airborne phased array radar is analyzed. Based on the presented theoretic results, a method of short-time processing followed by coherent integration is proposed for clutter suppression in airborne phased array radars. It can approximate the two-dimensional optimal processor well even in the presence of array errors, clutter fluctuations and aircraft drift, with a considerable saving in computations     

调频连续波激光雷达目标相对距离及径向速度信息提取方法

利用线性调频连续波（LFM/CW）激光雷达进行测量时,相对运动引起的多普勒效应和信息输出延迟都会造成测量结果偏差。分析了多普勒效应和信息输出延迟对测量的影响,提出了基于偏差抵消原理的相对距离及径向速度信息提取方法,根据测量任务需求对该方法和基于二维傅里叶变换的信息提取方法进行了仿真比较。结果表明：基于偏差抵消的信息提取方法不仅可以在相对径向速度未知的情况下准确提取目标相对距离信息,更可在每个调频周期结束后给出测距结果从而提高测距实时性;相比基于二维傅里叶变换的信息提取方法,当相对径向速度小于750 m/s时,基于偏差抵消的信息提取方法可使得测速偏差减小一个数量级。     

一种新的在线/离线门限签名方案

基于门限签名算法和变色龙哈希函数,提出了一种新的在线/离线门限签名方案,其安全性完全基于离散对数假设。该方案能容忍tn/3个恶意会员,并在标准模型中证明该方案是安全的。     

Mapping lightning channels in a thunderstorm by radar

The state of Georgia has experienced a number of tornados that occur without warning, and, in several cases have caused fatalities. Researchers at the Severe Storms Research Center (SSRC) of the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI), Georgia Institute of Technology are attempting to detect tornado formation within severe thunderstorms occurring in the vicinity of Atlanta, Georgia, using non-radar sensors that may provide early tornado warning and provide cueing to existing National Weather Service (NWS) radars. The goal of these studies is to increase the warning time of tornado formation within the parent thunderstorm. GTRI researchers use real-time S-band Doppler weather radar data from three National Weather Service WSR-88D NEXRAD radars to complement the development of the non-radar tornado sensors. Three NWS Doppler radars provide severe weather surveillance coverage of the north Georgia area to determine if a thunderstorm contains the Doppler signature that indicates tornado formation. The radar data, displayed on a work station developed and optimized for tornado detection by the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL), serves as ground truth data for the non-radar sensor development. GTRI can display cloud to ground (CG) lightning strikes, a capability provided by overlaying data from a national monitoring network onto the radar reflectivity map. GTRI also uses a local lightning direction finder (DF) system that supplies azimuth and range to the lightning strike. This paper discusses the early lightning channel research and the passive parasitic radar system being operated by the SSRC.     

Antenna Beam-Shape Factor in Scanning Radars

The method by which the antenna beam-shape factor is taken into account in scanning radars has been reexamined. The ``conventional' method is shown to give results within ±0.25 dB of the ``correct' results, which provides ample justification of its use over the past years. However, by basing the procedure on the assumption of a properly matched postdetection integrator, and leaving the question of nonoptimum postdetection integration to be treated as a separate problem, somewhat more accurate results can be obtained. This study has also called attention to the fact that a mismatched postdetection integrator results in only half the degradation in performance that a corresponding predetection mismatch would cause.     

夸贾林导弹靶场的现代化改造

为减少操作和维护 (O&M)费用 ,增强靶场设备能力 ,夸贾林导弹靶场于 1997年夏开始对目标特性雷达、遥测和光学设备以及靶场指控中心进行升级改造 ,2 0 0 3年 2月改造取得圆满成功。本文主要介绍此次改造的相关内容及特点     

Modeling and parameter identification of linear time-varying systems based on adaptive chirplet transform under random excitation

In this paper, a time–frequency algorithm based on adaptive chirplet transform for parameter modeling and identification of Linear Time-Varying (LTV) systems under random excitation is presented. It is assumed that the solution of responses of LTV structures is expressed as the sum of multicomponent Linear Frequency Modulated (LFM) signals in a short-time. Then the measured acceleration response is used to perform the adaptive chirplet transform, in which an integral algorithm is employed to reconstruct the velocity and displacement responses. The vibration differential equation with time-varying coefficients is transformed into a simple linear equation. Furthermore, for systems under random excitation, the input–output relation based on correlation function is also derived to estimate the parameters including physicals parameters and instantaneous modal parameters. The full procedure of the method is presented and validated by using simulated responses. The results show that the presented method is accurate and robust for various LTV systems under random excitation.     

复合材料桨叶过渡剖面边界区域应力传递边界效应初探

在复合材料桨叶载荷标定前的解耦或应力应变测量等工作中,会碰到一个“奇怪”的现象：在桨叶过渡剖面边界区域测出的应变（或应力）与“平剖面假设”规定不符。文章从某型号尾桨叶载荷标定前解耦调片工作中碰到的现象引出论点,再用有限元对桨叶传力进行建模分析,给出了定性的结论。文章的目的就是从型号中来,再应用到型号工作中去,为今后的复合材料桨叶载荷测量的贴片位置选择起一指导作用。     

复合材料风扇叶片-机匣碰摩振动的数值模拟

基于全三维模型的复合材料风扇叶片-机匣碰摩动力学特性的数值研究。建立了复合材料三维风扇叶片-机匣实体有限元模型,考虑叶片离心刚度的影响,机匣由贝塞尔曲面拟合,风扇叶片采用3种不同铺层形式。基于该模型,在机匣二节径变形的情况下,计算了不同铺层叶片在不同转速下与机匣碰摩后的动力学响应。计算结果表明:铺层形式对叶片中、低转速下的碰摩振动形式影响较大,带有90°铺层的叶片的最高振幅及不稳定振动所在区域的转速相对较低,改变铺层形式可以对复合材料风扇叶片-机匣的碰摩动力学特性加以控制。当转速靠近由3倍频与叶片1阶模态造成的共振点附近,或由6倍频与叶片2阶模态造成的共振转速附近时,叶片与机匣的碰摩会导致非稳定振动的产生。该方法与结果对复合材料风扇叶片的碰摩动力学特性研究具有一定指导意义。      

基于频域CLEAN和谱图-Radon变换的SAR运动目标检测算法

谱图-Radon变换可有效地检测多个线性调频信号,当多个线性调频信号的能量相差较大时,谱图-Radon变换就很难将所有的信号检测出来。为了解决这个问题,文中提出了基于频域CLEAN的检测技术与谱图-Radon变换相结合。使用检测能量相差较大的多个线性调频信号的方法。这种方法可以有效地检测出所有的信号,具有较大的实用价值,仿真实验结果表明这种算法是有效的。     

Spectrum management: a high stakes game

The optimal use of the frequency spectrum is an incredibly difficult but vital requirement to be achieved. Among the numerous services and applications which are requesting more frequencies, radar and telecommunications are certainly the most demanding. The purpose of this paper is to discuss several technical aspects contributing to the frequency management within the whole spectrum. To this effect it is proposed to analyse the following main aspects: first, a survey of the foreseeable evolution of telecommunications and radars mainly in terms of frequency band needs, radiated power density and waveforms; second, we will provide a comparative analysis of signals used in radars and telecommunications; finally, we propose a few necessary conditions to coordinate the operation of radars and telecommunications within the whole spectrum     

一种组合型的探干一体化信号设计分析

针对雷达信号资源利用率有待提升、低截获性能不足的问题,提出 1种复合调制的创新型探干一体化信号波形。线性调频信号本身具有良好的低截获性能,伪随机码序列分量具有较好的干扰性,同时又能一定程度上扩展信号带宽,两者的复合调制信号具有良好的探测和干扰性能。对基于 LFM的探干一体化信号波形进行了调制原理分析,并分别从时域、频域、功率谱、模糊函数、自相关特性等角度分析其探测、干扰特性。仿真实验证明,相较于单一调制的线性调频信号,一体化信号具有更宽的频带、更优良的干扰特性和探测性能,同时,有更高效的雷达资源利用率。     

一种新的周期性运动部件调制谱估计方法

目标内部运动部件对雷达回波产生的周期性运动部件调制 (PMPM )为目标识别提供了丰富的特征信息。但由于大多数雷达均采用多目标工作方式 ,因此 ,通常情况下只能从雷达获得不连续的目标回波脉冲串 ,这极大增加了根据目标回波频谱提取PMPM特征的难度。针对含PMPM目标回波频谱具有简单结构这一特点 ,提出了基于最小熵准则的交替迭代反卷积方法(AIDME)用于扩展目标雷达回波频谱估计。结果表明 :与傅里叶谱分析方法相比 ,该方法能够有效消除卷积核函数的不利影响 ,获得逼近目标回波真实谱的良好谱估计结果     

Probability of Pulse Coincidence in a Multiple Radar Environment

Elementary probability theory is used to develop three formulas for the probability of two or more pulses being coincident at an observer's aircraft position in a multiple radar environment. The first formula is for nonscanning tracking type radars with different pulsewidths (PWs) and pulse repetition frequencies (PRFs), the second is for generically identical nonscanning radars with similar PWs and PRFs, and the third is for scanning type radars such as air search radars with similar PWs and PRFs. The probability of coincidence is related to the mean-time-between-coincidences (MTBC) and to the average coincidence rate. Two sample problems are given.     

基于PD处理技术的雷达弱信号检测方法

针对脉冲跟踪测量雷达普遍存在的远距离弱信号检测能力不足的问题,基于PD（PulseDoppler,脉冲多普勒）雷达的杂波抑制与信号处理技术,提出脉冲雷达中的弱信号检测方法;详细分析了在脉冲跟踪测量雷达中应用PD处理技术的可行性,得出在一定约束条件下,可将PD处理技术运用于脉冲跟踪测量雷达,并提出了具体实现方法;最后,通过数据仿真和脉冲雷达实际测量数据进行验证,结果表明该方法能有效提高信噪比。     

Probability of Detecting a Swerling I Targetet on Two Correlated Observations

Modern radars characterized by electronically steered beams, frequency agility, and range-ambiguous waveforms can use a processing technique whereby each new detection is followed by a second dwell to verify the initial detection. The second dwell is used to minimize false alarms and to resolve range and/or Doppler ambiguities. Under the assumption of a Swerling I target model, the target cross section remains constant when both dwells occur on the same scan and the same transmission frequency is used. Analytic expressions have been developed for the probability of detecting a Swerling I target on both of the correlated dwells (same target cross section). These expressions are used to calculate the probability of a second dwell detection given a first dwell detection and the probability of at least one detection on two dwells. These probabilities are compared with those of independent dwells (independent target cross sections) which result when two transmission frequencies of sufficient separation are utilized.     

2D雷达组网中目标高度估计误差的Cramér-Rao限

 在由2坐标雷达组成的雷达网中,推导了目标高度估计误差的CRLB(Cram&;#225;r-Rao限),并通过不同条件下的数值计算得到了一些结论。结果表明,目标高度估计误差的CRLB既与雷达的测角误差有关,也与目标和2个雷达站形成的夹角有关系,雷达配置在不同的高度上有利于目标高度估计的收敛性。这些结论对于2坐标雷达组网以及雷达网中的传感器管理具有指导意义。     

直升机飞行/推进系统综合模型的建立

利用递阶,分散的控制思想,将直升机对象划分为三个具有独立功能,便于建模的子系统,即直升机,旋翼,发动机子系统,再在各子系统模型基础上根据各子系统间的耦合关系,建立了整个系统的模型。其中四片铰接式旋翼模型起着纽带作用,只有充分考虑机体／旋翼及发动机／旋翼间耦合关系才能建立直升机飞行／推进综合模型,仿真结果证明了建模方法的有效性,为直升机飞行／推进综合控制系统的建立奠定了基础。     

Radar in the Soviet Union and Russia: a brief historical outline

This paper outlines the historical development of radar in the Soviet Union and Russia. Emphasis was given to only two classes of radars: surveillance radars for air defense (AD) systems; and radars for surface-to-air missile (SAM) systems.