光电效应的量子解释

爱因斯坦光电效应方程可以完满地解释光电效应的实验规律。方程所描写的是光子与金属中的自由电子相互作用的一个量子过程，光子与电子的作用，不可能把能量全部交给电子，只有受金属束缚的电子，才可以全部吸收一个光子的能量。把金属中的自由电子先当作为真空中的完全自由电子来处理，再设它完全吸收一个光子，这种设想是不正确的。它不能用经典的力学过程来类比而分解为两个独立的过程。有关光子与物质作用的量子理论，则应该用量子电动力学。     

抵御中心机系统异常风险的策略研究

为解决因中心机异常可能造成的飞行器试验指挥控制失灵问题,研究物理与信息冗余相结合的解决策略,通过规避导致软件系统瘫痪的数据处理周期,自动接收飞行器起飞时间,人机结合判断系统故障等技术,采用异构备份方法,构建了一个具有异常控制机制的中心机系统。当中心机系统异常导致瘫痪故障时,该系统可在数秒内使数据处理功能恢复正常并完成后续任务,抵御中心机系统异常带来的风险,提高了中心机系统的可靠性。     

Nanotechnology's impact on aircraft design and maintenance

Unique research efforts relating to the development of nanoscale devices to replace standard integrated circuits, and eventually entire electronic systems. Standard integrated circuits (IC) have limitations or restrictions in size, speed, reliability, complexity and finding suitable replacements for discontinued items. Nanoscale device development and understanding has dramatically grown. One of the key properties of quantum physics that quantum computers rely on is the ability of certain atoms or nuclei to work together as quantum bits. These computing devices are a fraction of the size of typical ICs (nanoscale). Nanoscale devices developed using quantum physics principles have unlimited potential to revolutionize the methods and design of fabricated printed circuit cards and complete systems. They can replace an entire PC board or the set of PC boards that comprise a Line Replaceable Unit (LRU). This would be a good and practical jumping-off point to going directly to the complete device, system, or function level. This might include a nanoscale computer (general purpose or flight control), transmitter, GPS receiver, position and/or attitude sensors in either a stand-alone configuration, or combined within conventional devices (e.g., a nanoscale communications suite (xmtr/rcvr, etc.)) encapsulated within the Plexiglas canopy or the control yoke of an F16 rather than behind the instrument panel or maybe the whole comm suite into the pilot's helmet.     

被动型氢原子钟原子跃迁谱线测试与分析

被动型氢原子钟的原子跃迁谱线特性决定了其稳定度指标.为使其稳定度指标达到最优,通过设计数字式测试电路对氢原子钟物理部分进行探测,获得了不同参数配置下的原子跃迁谱线,并通过数据处理分析其信噪比、增益和线宽等特性,提出了一种参数优化方案,为原子钟闭环参数设置提供了依据.     

基于三维分布参数模型的紧凑式换热器优化

基于翅片通道划分网格并建立微元控制方程,实现了紧凑式换热器的三维分布参数模型.在分布参数模型的基础上,结合熵产最小化原理,应用遗传算法对换热器的外形尺寸及翅片类型、结构参数进行了优化设计.分布参数模型考虑了流体物性参数在换热器内各点的变化,能够应用于湿工况和相变情况下的换热器性能研究.而且基于翅片通道的网格划分方法具有明确的物理意义,避免了单纯数值方法的复杂性,大大提高了计算速度,解决了基于分布参数进行换热器优化的难题,该优化方法可以推广应用于其它类型的换热器或热沉中.      

A new non-specificity measure in evidence theory based on belief intervals

In the theory of belief functions, the measure of uncertainty is an important concept, which is used for representing some types of uncertainty incorporated in bodies of evidence such as the discord and the non-specificity. For the non-specificity part, some traditional measures use for reference the Hartley measure in classical set theory;other traditional measures use the simple and heuristic function for joint use of mass assignments and the cardinality of focal elements. In this paper, a new non-specificity measure is proposed using lengths of belief intervals, which represent the degree of imprecision. Therefore, it has more intuitive physical meaning. It can be proved that our new measure can be rewritten in a general form for the non-specificity. Our new measure is also proved to be a strict non-specificity measure with some desired properties. Numerical examples, simulations, the related analyses and proofs are provided to show the characteristics and good properties of the new non-specificity definition. An example of an application of the new non-specificity measure is also presented.     

空间平台量子密钥纠错处理研究

空地量子通信受诸多因素的影响,量子密钥的原始码存在一定的误码率,需要通过空间平台与和地面之间的双向数据交互对错误的密钥进行纠正。受空间平台硬件设备限制,数据的传输速度、存储空间以及处理能力等均有限,对空间平台量子纠错算法提出了更高的要求。为此给出了一种适合空间平台环境的基于汉明码的Winnow纠错算法,这种纠错处理算法不仅容易实现,而且在空间平台资源受限的情况下可以兼顾运算效率和纠错效率。     

Quality and security, they work together

The importance of considering computer security as part of the software quality assurance practice is discussed. Issues that point to the need for integration of quality assurance and computer security disciplines are raised. To address some of these issues, the NASA Automated Information Security (AIS) program is presented as a model that may be used for improving interactions between the quality assurance and computer security community of professionals. The information presented does not comprise an answer to documenting all computer security interactions with quality assurance, but it does present a currently working baseline model and can serve as a basis for future research and discussion     

某型直升机半物理仿真系统的设计

飞控计算机是现代直升机控制的不可缺少的设备,研制功能完善的高性能飞控计算机是直升机发展的重要一步。在飞控计算机应用到直升机上之前,需要对其进行较为全面的仿真测试。本文结合飞行控制律的设计,开发了用于对飞控计算机进行全面测试的半物理仿真系统。主要完成了模型的建立和仿真;研制了基于嵌入式操作系统VxWorks及仿真工具软件MATLAB的主仿真系统,并进行了调试。通过对其开环和闭环的调试以及仿真结果的分析表明,该系统对发送的飞机姿态信息能够进行实时显示和处理,满足飞行品质技术指标要求,半物理仿真结果可真实可靠地反映直升机的飞行过程。     

Theory of angle estimation using a multiarm spiral antenna

An analysis of angle estimation using a single aperture, multimode spiral is presented. It is demonstrated that in addition to the classical Comparison method, modern parameter estimation techniques such as Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) and MLM (Maximum Likelihood Method) can be applied to multimode antenna technology for angle estimation. These techniques, coupled with the advent of digital receivers make possible the elimination of the mode-forming network. Results of computer simulations show that these new approaches give lower bias and variance, and also extend coverage toward boresight compared with the traditional Comparison method     

ILS系统复杂场地的数值计算仿真与飞行检验

现代的三维数字化仿真方法的飞速发展,使得在安装ILS系统前,先对安装环境进行分析,优化仿真论证变成了现实.因此仿真模型的建立的现实有效性决定了仿真的准确度,然而,如果是ILS系统下滑信标,则要求比较严格,需要数学仿真结果和飞行检验结果相互论证才能确定仿真准确度,而且在分析论证已知地点的ILS安装同时还可以等效的获取飞行校验误差.数字仿真分析和飞行校验原则上应该遵守相同的约定规范.可是一些数字分析方法可以转译成飞行校验程序,另一些则不能.因为数字分析不仅可以借助任意辅助手段研究而且可以计算一些非常精细的和高需求的导航参数如DDM=0的航道.按照附件10 的规定,利用数字仿真分析和飞行校验的相互论证可以精确的计算出下滑角和复飞点高度.重点讨论在复杂环境下下滑信标的分析优化论证问题.     

IV: GEODESY: Remarks on the Role of Height Datum in Altimetry-Gravimetry Boundary-Value Problems

The problem of global geoid determination is usually solved using satellite altimetry data on the oceans, together with an oceanographic model of sea surface topography, and gravity anomaly data on the continents. Such data, however, enable to obtain only potential differences with respect to a reference surface whose absolute potential is unknown. This situation suggests to modify the classical mixed boundary-value problem of physical geodesy by inserting into the boundary conditions an unknown additive constant, that must be determined by imposing a suitable additional constraint. Yet, such formulation of the boundary-value problem, from the point of view of its mathematical properties, is not unconditionally well-posed, and, furthermore, does not reflect faithfully the available physical model, as the present knowledge of ocean circulation does not allow to connect along coastlines the reference surfaces defined on the oceans and on the continents. The introduction of two different unknown additive constants, one for the oceans and one for the earth, to be determined by imposing two additional constraints, gives rise to a more faithful picture of the present physical knowledge, and, at the same time, to a new well-posed formulation of the boundary-value problem. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

用于量子保密通信系统的偏振控制算法研究

量子保密通信是近年来逐渐发展成熟的一种新型保密通信机制,其安全性建立在量子力学基本原理上,被证明具有信息论条件下的绝对安全性。偏振编码光纤量子保密通信系统使用光子的偏振态进行信息编码。当环境变化时,光纤传输特性的改变将导致光子偏振态变化。因此,光子偏振态的补偿控制是光纤量子保密通信系统的一项关键技术,能否快速、准确的对偏振态进行补偿将直接影响系统的通信性能。本文提出一种基于光纤偏振控制器和扫描控制算法的偏振补偿方案。该方案通过控制光纤偏振控制器的电压大小,将量子误码率最小化,实现偏振光的补偿控制,满足量子通信系统自动控制的要求。     

Radiation driven winds of hot stars: Theory of O-star atmospheres as a spectroscopic tool

The status of the continuing effort to construct radiation driven wind models for O-Stars atmospheres is reviewed. Emphasis is given to several problems relating to the fomation of UV line spectra the use of accurate atomic data, the inclusion of EUV radiation by shock heated matter, the simulation of photospheric line blocking.A new tool for O-star diagnostics is presented. This is based on the use of wind models to calculate synthetic high resolution spectra covering the observable UV region. A comparison with observed spectra then gives physical constraints on the properties of stellar winds and stellar parameters, additionally abundances can be determined.The astrophysical potential of this method is demonstrated by an application to two Of-stars, the galactic O4f-star -Puppis and the LMC O3f-star Melnick 42. With regard to effective temperatures and gravities, the results from the application of classical methods to the analysis of photospheric lines are only partially verified. Explanations for the shortcomings of classical NLTE methods are discussed.     

The ‘Standard’ Sun Modelling and Helioseismology

The ‘standard’ solar model is based on a number of simplifying assumptions and depends on knowledge of the physical properties of matter in the Sun. Given these assumptions, the constraint that the model have the observed surface luminosity provides an estimate of the initial solar helium abundance. From helioseismic analyses further information can be obtained about the present composition, including a fairly precise measure of the envelope helium abundance and an estimate of the hydrogen profile in the radiative interior. It must be emphasized, however, that these inferences may suffer from systematic error arising from incomplete knowledge about the equation of state and opacity of the solar interior. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The use of model-based test requirements throughout the productlife cycle

Test requirements, which are generally collected in multiple disparate formats throughout the life cycle of an electronic product, could be used in various applications that reduce test and development cycle times and increase the confidence in the final test program. Unfortunately, test requirements are seldom captured in a consistent format that may be processed by a computer, thus eliminating the possibility of using such requirements in an engineering application. Additionally, such an approach disallows test requirements captured in one segment of the product life cycle to be reused in subsequent life cycle stages. This paper describes a model-based methodology, specifically the Test Requirements Model (TeRM), which can be shown to facilitate the transfer of test-related product information between various stages of the life cycle. This transportability, in conjunction with an exchange format that can be processed by a computer, permits test requirement information to support value-added applications in the engineering process throughout the life cycle of a product     

信息技术设备抗电磁干扰设计

现代飞机上信息的传输都通过计算机来实现。但是计算机系统对电磁环境比较敏感,同时还会污染局部电磁环境对其他设备形成干扰。本文分析了电磁干扰对计算机系统的危害,并介绍了硬件和软件的抗干扰设计。     

Safety estimation of structural systems via interval analysis

Considering that the uncertain information has serious influences on the safety of structural systems and is always limited, it is reasonable that the uncertainties are generally described as interval sets. Based on the non-probabilistic set-theoretic theory, which is applied to measuring the safety of structural components and further combined with the branch-and-bound method for the probabilistic reliability analysis of structural systems, the non-probabilistic branch-and-bound method for determining the dominant failure modes of an uncertain structural system is given. Meanwhile, a new system safety measuring index obtained by the non-probabilistic set-theoretic model is investigated. Moreover, the compatibility between the classical probabilistic model as well as the proposed interval-set model will be discussed to verify the physical meaning of the safety measure in this paper. Some numerical examples are utilized to illustrate the validity and feasibility of the developed method.     

Improved strapdown coning algorithms

Three improved algorithms for strapdown attitude computation utilizing accumulated gyro increments from the previous and current update are developed and evaluated analytically under classical coning motion. The error criterion of Miller is derived directly from the rotation vector concept. The accuracy of updating rotation vector estimation can be improved at least two orders of magnitude as compared with those of conventional algorithms. The proposed algorithm is equivalent to increasing the number of gyro samples used in the conventional method and it requires less computer loading