Robust Adaptive Attitude Maneuvering and Vibration Reducing Control of Flexible Spacecraft with Prescribed Performance

A robust adaptive control scheme with prescribed performance is proposed for attitude maneuver and vibration suppression of flexible spacecraft, in which the parametric uncertainty, external disturbances and unmeasured elastic vibration are taken into account simultaneously. On the basis of the prescribed performance control(PPC)theory,the prescribed steady state and transient performance for the attitude tracking error can be guaranteed through the stabilization of the transformed system. This controller does not need the knowledge of modal variables.The absence of measurements of these variables is compensated by appropriate dynamics of the controller which supplies their estimates. The method of sliding mode differentiator is introduced to overcome the problem of explosion of complexity inherent in traditional backstepping design. In addition,the requirements of knowing the system parameters and the unknown bound of the lumped uncertainty,including external disturbance and the estimate error of sliding mode differentiator,have been eliminated by using adaptive updating technique. Within the framework of Lyapunov theory,the stability of the transformed system is obtained. Finally,numerical simulations are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.     

执行器卡死并失效的航天器姿态稳定控制

考虑挠性航天器执行器卡死与部分失效故障下的姿态控制问题,提出了一种滑模容错控制法。该方法采用自适应技术在线估计系统不确定参数,且该控制器的设计不需要任何在线或离线的故障信息,能够完全独立于地面站的支持。基于Lyapunov方法从理论上证明了该控制器不但能够有效地处理执行器故障,而且保证了闭环系统的全局渐近稳定,实现对姿态的高精度控制。最后将该方法应用于某型挠性航天器的姿态稳定任务中,仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

三轴充液航天器建模及姿态稳定控制

针对目前文献中采用的充液航天器模型多为二维平面模型,而实际中充液航天器在轨运行环境为三维环境的情况,对一类贮箱关于航天器中心轴对称的三维面充液航天器进行了动力学建模与姿态控制研究,使其更具有实际意义。首先,根据航天器在轨运行的环境建立了参考坐标系,采用单摆模型等效液体燃料的晃动。在此基础上采用角动量守恒定律建立了充液航天器各个部分对其质心的惯性力矩,并将其与充液航天器动能方程推导得出的拉格朗日方程相结合,得出完整的动力学方程,完成了建模工作,并分析得出该欠驱动系统零动态不稳定的结论。最后,考虑航天器刚体部分常值转动惯量存在参数不精确,同时三轴力矩发生常值干扰的情况,设计了滑模控制器,保证了充液航天器在轨道坐标系上的姿态稳定。     

航天器姿态滑模变结构控制系统的设计

给出了航天器三轴动力学和四元数姿态运动学方程。在分析滑模变结构控制的基本原理和设计方法的基础上，通过二次型最优法解出航天器姿态角速度与姿态角之间的函数关系，进而得到滑动平面。在此基础上，应用滑模变结构控制方法对航天器姿态控制系统进行了设计和仿真，并与PID控制系统进行了分析比较。仿真结果表明，滑模控制系统具有良好的动态品质和稳态性能，体现了变结构控制的突出优点，对系统摄动和外加干扰具有极强的鲁棒性和自适应性。     

Adaptive Angular Velocity Tracking Control of Spacecraft with Dynamic Uncertainties

The tracking of orientation and angular velocity is a primary attitude control task for an on-orbit space- craft. The problem for a rigid spacecraft tracking a desired angular velocity profile is addressed using an adaptive feedback control. An angular velocity feedback tracking algorithm is firstly developed based on the precisely known attitude dynamics of the spacecraft, and the global tracking of the control algorithm is proved based on the Lya- punov analysis. An adaptation mechanism is then designed to deal with the dynamic uncertainties of the spacecraft. Such an adaptation mechanism enables the controller to track any desired angular velocity trajectories even in the presence of uncertain inertia parameters, although it does not guarantee the inertia tensor being precisely identified. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive control policy, computer simulations on dynamic equations of a spacecraft are conducted and their results are discussed.     

Relative Position and Attitude Control for Drag-Free Satellite with Prescribed Performance and Actuator Saturation

An adaptive prescribed performance control scheme is proposed for the drag free satellite in the presence of actuator saturation and external disturbances. The relative translation and rotation dynamics between the test mass and outer satellite are firstly derived. To guarantee prescribed performance bounds on the transient and steady control errors of relative states,a performance constrained control law is formulated with an error transformed function. In addition,the requirements to know the system parameters and the upper bound of the external disturbance in advance have been eliminated by adaptive updating technique. A command filter is concurrently used to overcome the problem of explosion of complexity inherent in the backstepping control design. Subsequently,a novel auxiliary system is constructed to compensate the adverse effects of the actuator saturation constrains. It is proved that all signals in the closed-loop system are ultimately bounded and prescribed performance of relative position and attitude control errors are guaranteed. Finally,numerical simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Adaptive Backstepping Control for Hypersonic Vehicles with Actuator Amplitude and Rate Saturation

This paper presents a constrained control strategy for the hypersonic vehicle with actuator amplitude,rate constraints and aerodynamic uncertainties. First,a vehicle-actuator control model is derived in consideration of actuator dynamics properties explicitly. Second, a nonlinear disturbance observer is designed to estimate the aerodynamic uncertainties, and then an adaptive backstepping control technique is adopted with a modified first-order-filter to eliminate the"explosion of terms"problem. Next,for handling the actuator amplitude and rate constraints,a novel auxiliary compensation system is constructed to generate quickly compensating signals to ensure tracking performance of command signal. By the Lyapunov stability proof,the proposed control scheme can enssure that the tracking errors converge to an arbitrarily small neighborhood around zero when the actuator constraints and aerodynamic uncertainties exist. Finally,numerical simulations are implemented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.     

柔性机器人终端振动抑制准时间最优控制

机器人运行速度的提高受到其高的加、减速度所激励的振动的限制。因为手臂的振动降低了手臂到达终点的定位精度,并延长了定位到终点的时间。本文提出了一个用死拍控制规律来提高柔性机器人的运行速度、抑制终端振动及提高定位精度的设计方法,它可提高如航天飞机舱外遥控机械手的定位精度,以及机器人自动化生产的劳动生产率。     

智能桨叶振动自适应控制研究

以德国宇航研究院的智能桨叶为原型，研究了智能桨叶振动控制的实时仿真。以两台高速信号处理器（ＤＳＰ）为核心，辅以其他器件，构造智能桨叶振动控制实时仿真系统。其中一台ＤＳＰ用于智能桨叶动态特性的实时在线模拟，另一台用于实时控制。所提出的采用ＭＸ滤波器模拟智能桨叶的动态特性和反馈与自适应前馈组合控制方法均由专用汇编程序实现。在此系统上实现了对智能桨叶在４Ω、８Ω（Ω为旋翼转速）谐和激励下桨叶振动的控制，     

Controllability of Spacecraft Attitude and Its Application in Reconfigurability Analysis

We review the controllability research on spacecraft attitude based on nonlinear geometry control theory.The existing studies on attitude controllability are mostly concerning the global controllability and small time local controllability(STLC). A presentation of study methods and connotation in both aspects is briefly carried out. As a necessary condition of reconfigurability,the controllability of the faulty attitude control system is studied. Moreover,two reconfigurability conditions based on controllability results that consider the actuator faults for a pyramid configuration spacecraft are provided.     

基于加速度测量的智能桁架结构振动主动控制

加速度传感器具有频带宽、结构简单、重量轻等优点而获得了广泛使用,因此研究基于加速度测量的结构控制系统具有较大的实用价值。文中的只能获得加速度时,采用模态滤波器技术实现从物理加速度响应解耦得到单模态加速度的响应。然后改变Ｌｕｅｎｂｅｒｇｅｒ观测器的结构形式,从模态加速度响应观测得到模态们移和模态速度响应。基于模态滤波器和最优控制理论,采用独立模态空间控制策略,实现了具有密集模态的三维柔性智能桁架结构     

一类不确定非线性系统的鲁棒自适应L2-增益控制

基于Backstepping递推设计方法对一类复杂不确定非线性系统提出了鲁棒自适应L2-增益控制方法。该方法结合了自适应控制和L2-增益控制≤γ的优点。它不仅使系统具有鲁棒性还使其对干扰具有L2-增益控制。同时，把常规设计方案需要过多参数进行辨识问题简化为只需与未知干扰个数相同参数进行辨识，简化了控制器结构。本文由于所研究对象为一般非线性系统，因此其结果具有一般性。最后。通过仿真算例验证了本文所设计控制方法的有效性。     

空天飞行器鲁棒自适应模糊跟踪控制

基于轨迹线性化方法提出了鲁棒自适应模糊跟踪轨迹线性化控制(Robust adaptive fuzzy tracking control,RAFTC)方法,并应用于空天飞行器(Aerospace vehicle,ASV)飞行控制系统设计.利用模糊系统能以任意精度逼近非线性系统的特性,对未知干扰和不确定性进行逼近,求得的模糊函数作为系统不确定界函数,且整个系统仅需在线调整不确定界函数的界,利于工程实现.采用Lyapunov方法,证明了闭环系统所有信号一致最终有界.最后利用本文提出的控制方案设计了空天飞行器飞行控制系统,并在高超声速条件下进行了仿真验证.仿真结果表明了控制方案的有效性和鲁棒性.     

航天器平台-载荷-控制一体化协同研制

航天器任务能力的指标提升,对卫星系统设计的深入、精细以及集约要求更高。以系统性能最优为终极目标,围绕任务能力开展多学科一体化设计,进而引起的产品集成、验证模式的显著改变。本文对国内外航天器多学科一体化研制模式的发展和应用情况进行介绍,分析了一体化设计的需求和内涵,并对多学科一体化协同平台的实现及探索性应用进行了研究。     

通用的前馈振动控制Simulink仿真系统及其应用

利用Simulink平台，建立一个基于自适应滤波技术的前馈振动控制的通用仿真系统，并对直升机结构响应主动控制进行仿真研究，为了模拟机体的力学特性以及旋翼对机体的激振作用，本文建立了一个带伺服液压惯性式作动器的自由一自由梁模型，并使之处于双频扰力作用下，对于该模型，采用了FIR、SIIR等滤波模型进行识别和控制。通过对不同控制模式和与之相适应的滤波算法的仿真研究，揭示其算法收敛性和收敛速度等特性。     

机器人柔性钻孔控制系统的设计与实现

针对飞机柔性装配的需要,在具体分析机翼钻孔流程的基础之上,提出一套基于工业机器人的柔性钻孔控制系统。该系统采用工业机器人集成多功能末端执行器的工作方式,并开发出具有精度补偿、姿态自适应调整和运动控制等功能的软件包。实验证明,该系统能有效提高机翼钻孔的质量和效率,满足其装配需求。     

机载热管冷板振动与加速度试验研究

为了考察机载振动与加速度环境对热管冷板传热性能的影响,以不同结构形式的普通铜水热管冷板与微热管阵列冷板为研究对象,搭建振动与加速度试验台进行试验。试验结果表明:Z向振动与加速度较X向与Y向对热管冷板传热性能的影响大,但振动的影响基本可以忽略,微热管阵列冷板受加速度的影响大于双U型普通热管冷板;加速度量级的增加对热管冷板传热性能的影响较小;双U型普通热管冷板在振动与加速度条件下的性能最优。     

小型无人直升机稳定杆建模与姿态系统设计

x对某小型无人直升机的稳定杆单独进行了建模,并着重分析了稳定杆在整个飞行控制系统中所起的作用以及它对姿态系统的影响。针对稳定杆所引起的姿态系统动态响应的峰值和弱阻尼,采取在控制策略中加入陷波器的方法进行补偿。仿真结果表明：陷波器消除了稳定杆所引起的峰值,提高了姿态系统的动态阻尼,姿态系统的性能得到了明显的优化,最后实现了姿态系统的自行稳定和按设定值变化,为小型无人直升机的姿态系统设计提供了工程设计方法。     

结构振动控制中主、被动构件的优化配置

本文建立了主被动一体化振动控制复合结构的一般运动方程,在此基础上,建立了主动与被动构件优化配置问题的模型,推导了闭环控制下结构模态阻尼比的求解公式,并以此为目标函数,实现了用模拟退火搜索算法求解主动、被动构件位置优化问题的过程。通过一个空间桁架算例,实现了多个粘弹性阻尼构件与层积式压电推构件杆的位置优化配置,分析讨论了被动阻尼控制对主动构件位置优化的影响。     

结构振动主动控制技术的现状与发展趋向

本文对结构振动主动控制技术的现状进行了评述,介绍了受控结构的模型降阶、溢出的产生和抑制方法,阐述了目前所采用的各种控制器的设计方法及在设计过程中应考虑的几个问题(例如:模型误差及溢出、传感器与作动器的类型和位置的优化选择、参数不确定性、时滞等)以及振动主动控制系统实现时所采用的各类作动机构,指出了振动主动控制技术的发展方向。