基于方向调制的无线安全传输基本原理、关键技术与未来展望

方向调制(Directional modulation,DM)作为无线物理层安全传输的关键技术能够很好地提升系统的安全性能。然而,由于在角度测量过程中存在误差,因此需要在设计有用信号波束成形向量和人工噪声(Artificial noise,AN)投影矩阵时考虑角度误差,从而提升系统安全性能。本文首先描述了DM系统模型,然后介绍了到达角(Direction of arrival,DOA)估计技术、稳健波束成形设计的3种算法及功率分配技术。仿真表明:稳健波束成形合成方法的性能明显要优于非稳健合成方法,且有用信号和AN之间最优功率分配能明显提高安全速率性能。最后,对DM未来新的发展方向与所面临的挑战性等开放问题进行展望与总结。     

Microwave Photonics for Modern Radar Systems

The emerging new concepts and technologies based on microwave photonics have led to an ever-increasing interest in developing innovative radar systems with a net gain in functionality, bandwidth/resolution, size, mass, complexity and cost when compared with the traditional implementations. This paper describes the techniques de- veloped in the last few years in microwave photonics that might revolutionize the way to design multifunction radar systems, with an emphasis on the recent advances in optoelectronic oscillators （OEOs）, arbitrary waveform gener- ation, photonic mixing, phase coding, filtering, beamforming, analog-to-digital conversion, and stable radio-fre- quency signal transfer. Challenges in implementation of these components and subsystems for meeting the technique requirements of the multifunction radar applications are discussed.     

Low-Cost Wireless Sensor Network Node Design for Multi-point Bolt Loosening Detection

Bolted connections are commonly used in aerospace structures.Once the bolts on the aircraft are damaged or loose,the consequence will be disastrous.Therefore,monitoring bolt loosening is especially required.However,periodic manual inspection costs much money and time.And it is very difficult to achieve multi-point monitoring for many bolted structures in an aircraft.Therefore,a low-cost,reliable detection method based on wireless sensor networks is presented.The reed switch is selected as a sensor for bolt loosening monitor.The chip PT2262 and PT2272are chosen as hardware codec chip for multi-point placement.A wireless transmitter and receiver circuit is designed on 315 MHz frequency.The codec chip and the wireless transmission are triggered by the reed switches.Bolt loosening is detected by the receiving terminal and indicated by light and sound alarms.The wireless transmitter and the receiver circuit are tested and the monitoring system is verified by experiments.The results show that bolt loosening can be effectively detected within 300 m.The developed sensor network is expected to solve multi-point bolt detection problems and provide a low-cost and reliable monitoring technology.     

双波束天线阵时空调制OFDM通信测向方法

为解决利用通信信号的测向和通信定位综合设计问题,提出了一种载有方向信息的OFDM时空调制技术。该技术采用两副同中心但方向图有偏差的特殊天线阵列发射,使单天线接收机接收的信号是OFDM特性,每个OFDM子载波调制信号载有空间方位信息和数字通信信息,接收机通过解调信号即可通信测向。文中详细介绍了非正交四相和非均匀八相子载波时空调制信号设计思想,阐述了子载波间伪随机码空间调制编码方法,给出了数据信息调解和方位角估计算法。计算机仿真结果表明:在高斯信道下系统的误码性能与普通PSK-OFDM一样,实现了在调制信号设计层面上的数字通信与测向的深度综合。     

Design of Power Amplifier for mm Wave 5G and Beyond

With targets of cost reduction per bit and high energy efficiency,5 G and beyond call for innovation in the mm Wave transmitter architecture and the power amplifier(PA)circuit. To illustrate these points,this paper firstly explains the benefits and design implications of the hybrid beamforming structure in terms of the mm Wave spectrum characteristics,energy efficiency,data rate,communication capacity,coverage and implementation technology choices. Then after reviewing the techniques to improve the power amplifier(PA)output power and efficiency,the design considerations and test results of 60 GHz and 90 GHz mm Wave PAs in bulk complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)process are shown.     

机会数字阵雷达概念与应用技术分析

机会数字阵雷达是以平台隐身性设计为核心,以数字阵列雷达为基础,兼具多功能、多模式的"一体化"新概念雷达系统.本文在对国外有关概念雏形描述理解基础之上,对其定义和涵义进行了深入透析,详细论述了"机会"一词的几层涵义.分析了机会数字阵雷达不同于传统相控阵雷达的技术特性和应用潜力,以及机会数字阵雷达所面临的技术难题,如3-D空间单元"机会性"分布优化选取和波束综合,信号传输与同步以及多自由度的系统资源优化管理等问题,并给出了初步的解决方案和仿真结果.     

An Adaptive Transmission Scheme for Deep Space Communication

Deep space communication is quite different from conventional ground communication due to its time-varying,complexity and large signal delay,which consequently affects communication quality and system efficiency.Adjusting the transmission parameters when the channel environment changes during the communication can guarantee the performance index of the system,and therefore improve communication efficiency. An adaptive transmission scheme of transceiver based on Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems(CCSDS)protocols is proposed in this paper. According to the variation of the deep space channel,the symbol rate of transmission data is adjusted dynamically by estimating the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) of the receiver in real time and adjusting the channel environment. This scheme can improve the channel utilization and system throughput under the premise of limiting the system bit error rate. Furthermore,this scheme is successfully implemented in Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA board.     

玻璃熔炼炉自动加料装置中的称料控制器

玻璃熔炼炉自动加料装置中的称料控制器是控制加料机下料时粉料和熟料比例的装置。称料控制器由两个料斗(粉料斗和熟料斗)和每只斗上的三个力传感器以及信号调理器、模数转换器、智能控制器、开关量输入输出、继电器控制器、面板控制器、打印机、电源等部件组成。它受控制盘上的可编程控制器控制,同系统协调工作。在系统中采取了一系列抗干扰措施,如抑制电源系统干扰,抑制信号传输系统干扰,抑制地线系统干扰等,采取这些措施后,使称料控制器在强干扰场内能可靠地工作。系统精度达0.03%。     

基于星座恢复法降低PAPR的性能分析

提出了一种新的降低峰均功率比(Peak-to-average ratio,PAPR)的方法——星座恢复法.在发送端采用软件削波限幅的方法来降低系统的峰均比,其系统结构简单、且可根据系统的要求灵活地改变PAPR值;在接收端根据调制信号的星座特性恢复出被限幅数据的实际值,从而减小了信号的畸变,提高了系统的误码性能.为了使星座恢复法更具实用性,对其算法进行了简化,从而大大地减少了系统的运算量.理论分析和仿真结果表明:与选择性映射法(Selective mapping,SLM)相比,基于星座恢复法的正交频分复用(Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing,OFDM)系统,其误码性能得到了明显的改善,算法较简单,且无需额外信道来传送附加信息.     

基于能量均衡的助航灯光单灯监控WSNs路由协议

机场助航灯光无线传感器网络能量 有限,但部分灯光所处位置不规则,导致该区域设置的簇头节点因消耗较大过早死亡从而形 成传输过程中的区域空洞,破坏了整个无线传感器网络的能量均衡,影响网络工作寿命 。在分区路由协议的基础上提出能量均衡、簇头位置均匀分布的WSNs路由协议。该协 议由两部分组成,针对不规则区域（对应单排长排灯位置）采用链式传输协议,对其他区域 采用逻辑分区的分簇路由协议,在簇头选举算法中加入候选簇头节点分布区域限制和节点能量 约束。为验证协议的有效性,按照机场灯光进近区灯光位置分布进行了MATLAB仿真。仿真结 果表明,该协议具有良好的网络能量均衡能力,传感器网络可以获得较长的生命周期,适宜 机场助航灯光监控类应用场合。     

一种STBC-OFDM系统中的盲和半盲信道估计

针对尾部补零(Zero padd ing,ZP)的空时分组编码正交频分复用(Space-tim e b lock cod ing orthogona l fre-quency d iv is ion m u ltip lex ing,STBC-OFDM)系统,提出了一种基于子空间分解的信道估计算法。首先利用STBC的编码结构和OFDM信号中由ZP和虚载波(V irtua l carrier,VC)引入的冗余,推导了该算法的盲估计形式,然后对其可辨识性进行了理论分析,证明了该盲方法可以在一个标量因子模糊度的意义上辨识出多个信道的冲激响应。通过结合使用导频信息形成半盲算法,可以消除模糊度。仿真结果表明,该算法的信道估计准确度较高,可以有效地跟踪衰落信道,在低信噪比时性能良好。     

基于发展的PWM Switch模型的Buck/Boost双向直直变换器建模及分析

提出了双向功率流动场合的PWM Switch模型,同时选取典型的Buck/Boost双向变换器作为评估平台。小信号分析结果表明,Buck/Boost双向直直变换器通过仅控制Buck模式主控管可以对电池充放电模式进行切换。其提供了对变换器稳态及动态性能研究的一种快速仿真方法。基于改进PWM Switch模型及器件级电路的详尽仿真对比验证了模型的精确性。     

非理想条件下认知蜂窝网络物理层安全传输方案

认知无线电技术可以解决频谱实际利用率不高的问 题,作为关键技术之一被引入下一代蜂窝移动网络中。同时,由于无线信道的广播特性和 不确定性,非理想条件下的信息安全传输问题不可回避。由于认知无线网络中主、次网络间 存在相互干扰,文中借鉴干扰对准思想,高效地管理和利用主、次网络之间的相互干扰,通 过优化设计发送预编码矩阵,尽量避免干扰合法用户接收,同时尽可能地对窃听节点实施阻 塞干扰。Monte Carlo仿真验证了非理想条件下干扰对准设计预编码矩阵的优越性,同时也 证实了信道估计精度在提高蜂窝移动系统传输性能和安全性能方面的重要性。     

基于经验模态分解的有限阵元宽带自适应阵列DBF方法

针对有限阵元条件下宽带自适应阵列自由度不够和抗干扰性能下降的问题,提出一种基于经验模态分解(Empirical mode decomposition,EMD)的宽带自适应阵列数字波束形成(Digital beamforming,DBF)方法。该方法首先对阵元接收的快拍数据进行EMD处理,然后对各个模态函数矩阵应用线性约束最小方差(Linearlyconstrained minimum variance,LCMV)波束形成算法求解自适应权矢量,最后对信号进行重构。与传统的基于快速傅里叶变换(Fast Fourier transform,FFT)子带自适应阵列方法相比,该方法具有以下优势:适用于阵元数目受限的宽带自适应阵列,无需事先指定模态函数划分的频段,可以提高阵列处理的自由度。仿真验证了所提方法的有效性。     

金属结构损伤复合材料微波修复的实验研究

研究一种利用微波修复金属结构损伤的新技术,阐明了微波修复机理,探讨了界面形成与快速固化理论。复合材料微波修复通过在修复区注入微波吸收剂提高导电磁率来吸收微波辐射,并将微波能转换为热能,利用特殊设计的微波施加器发射微波可以使热量直接加在修复区而不加热整个结构。本文还提供大量的实验数据,表明微波修复试件的强度高于传统方法修复的试件,微波修复技术适合于现役飞行器在各种环境下的外场快速修复。     

空间太阳能电站经济性分析

空间太阳能电站作为一项在空间进行大规模太阳能收集、转化并通过无线方式将电能传输到地面电网的宏伟航天工程,其经济可行性是决定其能否大规模发展的主要因素之一。本文基于多旋转关节空间太阳能电站方案,提出空间太阳能电站全生命周期阶段划分和成本分析流程,初步分析得到空间太阳能电站的全部成本大约为2 500亿元,对应全寿命周期的发电量约为2 400亿度电,得到的单位电量的成本约为1元/度电。     

利用格雷互补序列降低多载波CDMA信号的峰平比

多载波CDMA信号峰平比比较高，影响到功放的功率效率，这已经成为限制多载波CDMA技术应用的一个关键因素。本文分析表明，多载波CDMA信号的峰平比与编码序列频谱幅度特性有关，采用格雷互补序列(Golay complementary sequences))能有效降低信号的峰平比。数值分析和仿真结果表明，对于任意长度格雷互补序列的多载波信号，其峰平比上限为6dB，并且峰平比随序列长度的变化波动很小。而长度为15，31，63的m序列多栽波信号的峰平比分别为9．47，12和15．06dB，并随序列长度的增加而增加。格雷互补序列多载波信号的峰平比性能明显优于m序列。     

多普勒导航雷达测高自校信号的分析

本文详细分析了采用周期自动校准技术的多普勒导航雷达测高装置自校时的信号关系。在数学分析的基础上,作者认为,为保证在高度测量时稳定获取自校信号,应调节馈线的长度(微波相位)。实验证明,分析是正确的。     

GPS组合系统在飞机进场着陆中的应用

本文研究了用全球定位系统/捷联惯导/无线电高度表(GPS/SINS/RA)组合导航系统进行飞机精密进场着陆的可行性。提出了系统的组合方案。建立了组合系统的数学模型,应用组合卡尔曼滤波技术,按18颗导航星的布置方案,应用GPS仿真器,在考虑飞机沿3°倾斜角下滑线进行着陆飞行时,对组合系统进行了计算机仿真。仿真结果表明,当GPS接收机采用P码,或采用C/A码再使用差分和伪卫星技术时,组合导航系统能够达到国际民航组织(ICAO)提出的精密进场着陆时的定位精度要求。     

Double Peak Derived from Piezoelectric Coefficient Nonlinearity and Proposal for Self-Powered Systems

With the development of wireless sensor network(WSN)applications in intelligent monitoring,additional support for the low power consumption wireless nodes can be provided by piezoceramics that harvest vibrational energy.First,we describe the effects of stimulation variations on piezoceramics and the energy harvesting circuit set-up.Two types of piezoceramics were stimulated at different frequencies and amplitudes to obtain the power output characteristics.Then,the energy harvesting circuit was studied and coupled with the piezoceramics.A double peak phenomenon was found in energy harvesting using a hard piezoceramic which gave a direct proof that the nonlinearity of the piezo constant should be considered in application.Finally,energy storage and output were studied and analyzed.Electronic components for the WSN were recommended according to the output power and the application.The results will give an instruction for piezoceramic energy harvesting under various stress amplitudes on its implementation.