基于DRFM的灵巧噪声干扰波形研究

针对新体制雷达抗干扰能力强的特点,提出了以DRFM为基础的多种灵巧噪声干扰波形设计方法.并以线性调频雷达为干扰对象,将脉冲重叠型和脉冲等间隔取样两种灵巧噪声干扰波形的干扰效果进行了计算机仿真,仿真结果验证了这种干扰的有效性.     

数字签名卡的实现

数字签名是保证网络通信安全可靠的重要技术手段。文中介绍数字签名的原理 ,在原有的智能卡系统中加入公钥文件和私钥文件 ,并添加相关的指令 ,在智能卡中实现了数字签名及其验证技术 ,成功地将智能卡应用到 PKI中 ,为网络应用提供一种完全符合 X.5 0 9标准的密钥管理平台     

Space technology transfer policies: Learning from scientific satellite case studies

The paper reports research into the transfer of technology typically used in the construction of scientific satellites. Four case studies are analyzed to clarify some basic mechanisms of the transfer of space technology to the industrial system. The paper finds that the technologies analyzed in the construction of satellites for the most part stem from the integration of technical processes already known in various industrial sectors; the use of these processes in space involves their substantial strengthening and upgrading in terms of performance; and this upgrading permits them to return to industrial sectors that use the technological advances acquired for coping with complex problems in the space sector. This research has helped validate some of the determinants of technology transfer already noted in the literature, while increasing the number and content of these. Useful indications emerge for policy makers and agents involved in technology transfer programs.     

一种有效的灵巧噪声干扰技术

脉冲压缩(PC)雷达、脉冲多普勒(PD)雷达具有复杂、精巧的信号特征,采用了相干旁瓣对消和旁瓣匿影等技术,这使得传统的噪声干扰效能大打折扣。在分析传统噪声干扰效能的基础上,给出了一种兼有噪声干扰和欺骗干扰特点的灵巧噪声干扰技术,简述了其工作原理,并探讨了其在PD雷达干扰中的应用。     

Advanced materials for space applications

Since NASA was created in 1958, over 6400 patents have been issued to the agency—nearly one in a thousand of all patents ever issued in the United States. A large number of these inventions have focused on new materials that have made space travel and exploration of the moon, Mars, and the outer planets possible. In the last few years, the materials developed by NASA Langley Research Center embody breakthroughs in performance and properties that will enable great achievements in space. The examples discussed below offer significant advantages for use in small satellites, i.e., those with payloads under a metric ton. These include patented products such as LaRC SI, LaRC RP 46, LaRC RP 50, PETI-5, TEEK, PETI-330, LaRC CP, TOR-LM and LaRC LCR (patent pending). These and other new advances in nanotechnology engineering, self-assembling nanostructures and multifunctional aerospace materials are presented and discussed below, and applications with significant technological and commercial advantages are proposed.     

Space-based societal applications—Relevance in developing countries

Space technology has the vast potential for addressing a variety of societal problems of the developing countries, particularly in the areas of communication, education and health sectors, land and water resources management, disaster management and weather forecasting. Both remote sensing and communication technologies can be used to achieve this goal.With its primary emphasis on application of space technology, on an end-to-end basis, towards national development, the Indian Space Programme has distinguished itself as one of the most cost-effective and development-oriented space programmes in the world.Developing nations are faced with the enormous task of carrying development-oriented education to the masses at the lower strata of their societies. One important feature of these populations is their large number and the spread over vast and remote areas of these nations, making the reaching out to them a difficult task. Satellite communication (Satcom) technology offers the unique capability of simultaneously reaching out to very large numbers, spread over vast areas, including the remote corners of the country. It is a strong tool to support development education. India has been amongst the first few nations to explore and put to use the Satcom technology for education and development-oriented services to the rural masses.Most of the developing countries have inadequate infrastructure to provide proper medical care to the rural population. Availability of specialist doctors in rural areas is a major bottleneck. Use of Satcom and information technology to connect rural clinics to urban hospitals through telemedicine systems is one of the solutions; and India has embarked upon an effective satellite-based telemedicine programme.Space technology is also useful in disaster warning and management related applications. Use of satellite systems and beacons for locating the distressed units on land, sea or air is well known to us. Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is already a part of the International initiative called Satellite Aided Search and Rescue System.The programme to set up satellite-based Village Resource Centres (VRCs) across India, for providing a variety of services relevant to the rural communities, is also a unique societal application of space technology. The VRCs are envisaged as single window delivery mechanism for a variety of space-based products and services, such as tele-education; telemedicine; information on natural resources for planning and development at local level; interactive advisories on agriculture, fisheries, land and water resources management, livestock management, etc.; interactive vocational training towards alternative livelihood; e-governance; weather information; etc.This paper describes the various possibilities and potentials of Satcom and Remote Sensing technologies for societal applications. The initiatives taken by Indian Space Research Organisation in this direction are highlighted.     

可重复使用运载器复合材料低温贮箱应用研究

轻质高强度低温贮箱是发展可重复使用运载器（RLV）的关键技术之一。本文论证了聚合物复合材料作为低温贮箱材料的必要性和可行性,介绍了复合材料低温贮箱的研制现状,对聚合物基体和纤维选择、设计技术、复合材料的成型及其性能测试等进行了探讨,指出了复合材料低温贮箱的发展趋势,并就我国复合材料低温贮箱的发展给出了建议。     

Sputnik fever — again?

The author offers some comments on the drawbacks of another US-Soviet space race. She compares the relative positions of the USA and the USSR in various areas of space science and technology, and concludes that the USSR does not lead in all areas. More importantly, she argues that it is distressing still to be portraying the superpowers as in a race in space. ‘Sputnik fever’ the first time round showed that a space race does not lead to a strong, long-term US space programme. She argues that cooperation in some areas — perhaps a trip to Mars — could b an alternative.     

轻合金复杂薄壁构件流体压力成形技术新进展

随着新一代航空航天飞行器、高铁和新能源汽车向大型化、轻量化、高性能化、长寿命和高可靠性方向发展,对高性能复杂整体薄壁构件的需求更为迫切。这类构件突出的制造难题是材料难变形,形状复杂,性能要求高。这些难题互相耦合,使得此类构件制造难度极大,超出现有技术的成形极限,为传统成形技术带来巨大的挑战。为了解决以上技术难题,介绍了几种近年来发展的面向这类结构的成形新技术,包括异形截面管件低压充液压形技术、深腔曲面薄壁构件可控多向加压流体压力成形技术、难变形材料薄壁构件热介质压力成形技术。     

Further analysis of infrared spectrophotometric observations of high area to mass ratio (HAMR) objects in GEO

Optical surveys have identified a class of high area-to-mass ratio (HAMR) objects in the vicinity of the Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) ring^. The exact origin and nature of these objects are not well known, although their proximity to the GEO belt poses a hazard to active GEO satellites. The prevalent conjecture is that many of these objects may be thermal materials shed from derelict spacecraft in ‘graveyard’ orbits above the GEO ring. Due to their high area-to-mass ratios and unknown attitude dynamics and material characteristics, solar radiation pressure (SRP) perturbs their orbits in ways that makes it difficult to predict their orbital trajectories over periods of time exceeding a week or less. To better understand and track these objects and infer their origins, we have made observations that allow us to determine physical characteristics that will improve the non-conservative force modeling used for orbit determination (OD) and prediction. Information on their temperatures, areas, emissivities, and albedos may be obtained from thermal infrared and visible measurements. Simultaneous observations in the thermal infrared and visible wavelengths may allow disentangling of projected area, albedo, and object emissivity.Further analysis and modeling of observational data on certain of the HAMR objects collected at the AMOS observatory 3.6 m AEOS telescope are presented. The thermal-IR spectra of these geosynchronous orbit objects acquired by the Broadband Array Spectrograph System (BASS) span wavelengths 3 to 13 μm and constitute a unique data set, providing a means of measuring object fluxes in the infrared and visible wavelengths. These, in turn, allow temperatures and emissivity-area products to be calculated, and in some cases provide information on rotation rates. We compare our observational results with the outputs of simple models, in terms of visible and infrared flux and orbital characteristics. The resulting temperatures and rotation rates are used in SRP acceleration models to demonstrate improvements in OD and prediction performance relative to models which assume default ambient temperature and static attitude dynamics. Additionally, we have the capability and plans to measure material properties with the same instrument in the lab as used at the telescope to facilitate direct comparisons.     

微小卫星热控系统的研究现状及发展趋势

文章针对微小航天器研究现状和发展需求给热控系统设计带来的难点和挑战,从传热学和控制学两个角度,对近年来微小卫星热控领域出现的先进的热量收集、传输和排放装置展开论述;追踪了国内外学者提出的热控发展新的理论和方案。总之,开展各种智能、灵巧的航天器热控部件研究及针对高性能传热装置的控制策略研究是由微小卫星的结构布局和任务特点所决定的必然要求和发展趋势。     

Decentralized vibration control of a multi-link flexible robotic manipulator using smart piezoelectric transducers

The work in this paper is aimed to investigate the use of a decentralized control system for suppressing vibration of a multi-link flexible robotic manipulator using embedded smart piezoelectric transducers. To achieve this, a non-linear dynamic model of a flexible robotic manipulator with smart piezoelectric actuators/sensors, is developed based on the co-rotational finite element method. The method incorporates multiple co-ordinate (co-rotational) systems which rotate and translate with each element, so that the geometric non-linearity present in rotating manipulator system can be dealt with efficiently. The placement of piezoelectric actuators and sensors over the flexible links are considered for the application of decentralized control system. A numerical study shows that the developed co-rotational finite element method can be utilized to investigate the piezoelectric actuator/sensor placement and vibration control performances for a multi-link flexible manipulator undertaking complicated motion.     

InxGa1-xAs材料在多结空间太阳电池中的应用进展

In_xGa_(1-x)As材料具有独特的物理特性,可以通过调节In和Ga的组分来改变材料的带隙宽度Eg。该材料自进入多结空间太阳电池领域以来,就受到了广泛的关注。因此,In_xGa_(1-x)As材料有望成为未来多结空间太阳电池领域中的重要研究对象。本文首先介绍了InGaAs材料的生长工艺及其在多结空间太阳电池领域中的应用情况和研究现状,同时讨论了材料的外延生长工艺以获得高质量含InGaAs材料的多结太阳电池。此外,介绍了近年来InGaAs材料在高效多结空间太阳电池领域的研究进展,并对其抗辐照性能进行了简述。大量研究表明:InGaAs材料的使用可以进一步提升多结空间太阳电池的光电转换效率,达到提升卫星有效载荷的目的。     

中国航天发展历程与启示 ——2009年空间环境与材料科学论坛大会报告

文章指出我国在应用卫星与卫星应用、载人航天和深空探测三大航天领域取得了巨大成就,为中国的经济、社会发展做出了巨大贡献,也展示了中国的综合实力。经过几十年的发展,中国进入太空能力得到了很大的发展,但在太空利用能力和太空控制能力的建设上还有更大的发展空间。随着我国航天事业的发展,用户对航天器的高可靠、长寿命的要求迫切,作为航天器功能实现的技术基础,环境、材料等基础研究工作应该去适应这种发展需求,加快基础能力的建设与发展。     

智能材料形状记忆合金研究进展（英文）

As one of the newly developing intelligent/smart materials, shape memory alloys(SMAs) have become an important material and have broad application prospects. With smart structures, the integration of SMAs as actuators and sensors in structural components, has drawn significant attention and interest in the aerospace field. In this paper, the research status of SMAs at home and abroad in recent years was reviewed, including the characteristics, classification, investigation progress and applications in the aerospace field. Finally, the development trend prospects for SMAs was also presented.     

General background and approach to multibody dynamics for space applications

Multibody dynamics for space applications is dictated by space environment such as space-varying gravity forces, orbital and attitude perturbations, control forces if any. Several methods and formulations devoted to the modeling of flexible bodies undergoing large overall motions were developed in recent years.Most of these different formulations were aimed to face one of the main problems concerning the analysis of spacecraft dynamics namely the reduction of computer simulation time. By virtue of this, the use of symbolic manipulation, recursive formulation and parallel processing algorithms were proposed. All these approaches fall into two categories, the one based on Newton/Euler methods and the one based on Lagrangian methods; both of them have their advantages and disadvantages although in general, Newtonian approaches lend to a better understanding of the physics of problems and in particular of the magnitude of the reactions and of the corresponding structural stresses. Another important issue which must be addressed carefully in multibody space dynamics is relevant to a correct choice of kinematics variables. In fact, when dealing with flexible multibody system the resulting equations include two different types of state variables, the ones associated with large (rigid) displacements and the ones associated with elastic deformations. These two sets of variables have generally two different time scales if we think of the attitude motion of a satellite whose period of oscillation, due to the gravity gradient effects, is of the same order of magnitude as the orbital period, which is much bigger than the one associated with the structural vibration of the satellite itself. Therefore, the numerical integration of the equations of the system represents a challenging problem.This was the abstract and some of the arguments that Professor Paolo Santini intended to present for the Breakwell Lecture; unfortunately a deadly disease attacked him and shortly took him to death, leaving his work unfinished. In agreement with Astrodynamics Committee it was decided to prepare a paper based on some research activities that Paolo Santini performed during almost 50 years in the aerospace field. His researches spanned many arguments, encompassing flexible space structures, to optimization, stability analysis, thermal analysis, smart structure, etc. just to mention the ones more related to the space field (Paolo Santini was also one the pioneers of the studies of composite wing structures, aeroelasticity and unsteady aerodynamics for aeronautical applications). Following notes have been prepared by Paolo Gasbarri who was one of Paolo Santini collaborators for almost 15 years, they will attempt to offer a sketch of Professor Santini's activity by focusing on three main topics: the stability of flexible spacecrafts, the dynamics of multibody systems and the use of the smart structure technology for the space applications.     

航天器热控分系统对材料的需求分析

航天器热控分系统所使用的材料对于完成其任务具有重要的作用。文章介绍了航天器热控分系统对材料的要求以及应用情况,重点讨论了空间环境对热控材料的各种影响,并根据航天器总体和热控技术的发展需求,指出未来热控材料应重点发展高性能的导热和隔热材料、智能型热控涂层和新型功能型热控材料。     

Design of meo constellations for galileo: towards a “design to cost” approach

GALILEO aims at involving Europe in a new generation of satellite navigation services. In the context of the phase A of this programme, many system options are still widely open: detailed requirements, constraints and hypotheses are not yet fully stabilised.In order to design a satellite constellation satisfying civil aviation and other users needs in this early stage of the system definition, it is necessary not only to take into account classical performance aspects, such as accuracy and availability of accuracy, but also cost constraints. The paper describes the design and dimensioning method which has led ALCATEL to propose a set of MEO constellations in the frame of the GALILEO project for ESA. It especially places emphasis upon the sensitivity of the system design to numerous parameters as well as its sensitivity to performance requirements.Potential candidate constellations obviously need to meet given performance specifications which are determined by operational aspects such as: satellite reliability, maintenance strategy (spare in orbit, launch on schedule, launch on need), deployment strategy (launcher choice, etc.). The estimated cost of a potential solution is mainly derived from the number of satellites and the deployment/maintenance strategy, but it is representative of the whole life-cycle of the constellation. Furthermore, the exhibited solution shall be “as robust as” possible to requirement or assumption changes. So, it should be a baseline solution that could be easily updated in order to take into account small upgrades.This has led to the performance of some trend analyses to understand the actual influence of some constraints or requirements on the system design, and to see how initial requirements can be efficiently relaxed in order to obtain the maximum system cost diminution for a minimum constraint relaxation. This will be very useful, if cost reduction is necessary, to quickly propose alternative or sub-solutions to the baseline one.     

Advanced materials for space applications

Since NASA was created in 1958, over 6400 patents have been issued to the agency—nearly one in a thousand of all patents ever issued in the United States. A large number of these inventions have focused on new materials that have made space travel and exploration of the moon, Mars, and the outer planets possible. In the last few years, the materials developed by NASA Langley Research Center embody breakthroughs in performance and properties that will enable great achievements in space. The examples discussed below offer significant advantages for use in small satellites, i.e., those with payloads under a metric ton. These include patented products such as LaRC SI, LaRC RP 46, LaRC RP 50, PETI-5, TEEK, PETI-330, LaRC CP, TOR-LM and LaRC LCR (patent pending). These and other new advances in nanotechnology engineering, self-assembling nanostructures and multifunctional aerospace materials are presented and discussed below, and applications with significant technological and commercial advantages are proposed.     

国外大型团体发动机喷管性能分析

概述了国外大型固体发动机喷管所用的主要材料及质量特性、喷管效率等性能。分析了采用可延伸出口锥的优越性，并结合我国情况，为缩小差距，提出了所应采取措施的建议。