考虑流体介质影响的管路模态特性分析

针对航空发动机外部管路的动力学设计需求及湿模态特性求解问题。应用铁摩辛柯梁理论和能量法推导得到流体质量、压强、流速等综合影响下的管路湿模态振动方程,并基于软件ANSYS现有管单元,通过引入自定义附加刚度和阻尼单元建立了流体压强和流速影响项的等效方法,实现了考虑流体因素影响的管路模态特性计算。结果表明:流体压强引起的横向压力差会降低管路弯曲刚度,而压强引起的轴向张力会提高弯曲刚度,压强作用效果与管支点的轴向约束程度和管材泊松比有关。流体速度对管路湿模态影响与边界条件、振型和管路轴向伸长有关,在高流速时,模态频率可能为零,即出现屈曲失稳现象。      

航空发动机管路振动应力原位抑制试验

为解决航空发动机管路振动应力超限问题,提出航空发动机管路振动应力原位抑制概念,制定了管路振动应力原位抑制流程,提炼出基于管路基本管型、卡箍基本约束方式的振动应力原位抑制方法;结合发动机整机试验,对管路系统振动应力测试截面、试车程序进行了分析,并将所建立的分析流程和方法应用到某型发动机管路系统设计和试验中。结果表明:振动应力原位抑制后的管路系统承受住了实际工作环境的考验,验证了流程和方法的有效性;管路两端管接头焊接处、与附件相连接头处、刚性接地卡箍处,是应力较大的区域,应进行重点监控;采用3 min试车方案可在保证测量数据准确有效的前提下,降低测试成本并提高1倍的测试效率。管路振动应力原位抑制流程和方法可为航空发动机管路系统的设计、振动应力测试及抑制提供参考。     

航空发动机管路流固耦合固有频率计算与分析

本文使用ANSYS有限元软件对航空发动机管路的流固耦合振动进行分析研究。讨论了管内流体质量、压力、温度,管路形状、截面尺寸对管路流固耦合固有频率的影响。最后,考虑上述所有影响因素,对一实际发动机燃油管路进行计算．得到了其固有频率和振型。     

燃气轮机燃烧室中的管路设计

燃气轮机燃烧室中的管路主要用于供油、引气和测试等,其重要性往往易被忽视,而成为故障易发部位。为了提高燃气轮机燃烧室管路部件的可靠性,从实际应用出发,分析总结了燃烧室的管路设计中需要考虑的管路材料、直径以及壁厚的选择,形状的确定,相配件的热膨胀协调、卡箍与支架的设计,振频及动应力计算与测试,焊接方式的选择与工艺控制,后期校形控制等主要因素。通过对以上各设计细节的控制,可以从根本上解决管路易出现的各种问题,降低燃烧室管路故障发生的概率。     

液压管路系统随机振动下疲劳分析

民用飞机液压管路系统受到飞机振动环境的影响,可能产生振动引发的管路及安装结构疲劳破坏。为了分析液压管路系统在飞机振动环境下的承受能力,参考RTCA/DO-160G中对于固定翼飞机振动环境的定义及要求,对某民用飞机液压管路进行振动模态和随机振动响应分析。通过有限元分析得出了液压管路及安装结构的随机振动Von Mises均方根应力,采用基于高斯分布和Miner线性累计损伤定律的三区间法,计算管路系统的随机振动疲劳损伤,得到了疲劳薄弱部位及疲劳分析结果,为民用飞机液压管路在随机振动环境下的疲劳分析提供参考。     

Dynamic simulation of aerial towed decoy system based on tension recurrence algorithm

Dynamic model of aerial towed decoy system is established and simulations are performed to research the dynamic characteristics of the system. Firstly, Kinetic equations based on spinor are built, where the cable is discretized into a number of rigid segments while the decoy is modeled as a rigid body hinged on the cable. Then tension recurrence algorithm is developed to improve computational efficiency, which makes it possible to predict the dynamic response of aerial towed decoy system rapidly and accurately. Subsequently, the efficiency and validity of this algorithm are verified by comparison with Kane's function and further validated by wind tunnel tests.Simulation results indicate that the distance between the towing point and the decoy's center of gravity is suggested to be 5%–20% of the length of decoy body to ensure the stability of system.In up-risen maneuver process, the value of angular velocity is recommended to be less than0.10 rad/s to protect the cable from the aircraft exhaust jet. During the turning movement of aircraft, the cable's extent of stretching outwards is proportional to the aircraft's angular velocity.Meanwhile, the decoy, aircraft and missile form a triangle, which promotes the decoy's performance.     

舰船含腐蚀缺陷通海管路失效压力数值分析

为研究舰船通海管路腐蚀后失效压力预测问题,在DNV RP-F101准则的基础上设置模型系数,建立了管路预测模型,并通过数值分析修正模型系数.使用Abaqus软件分析管道爆破失效力学行为,研究缺陷形貌和腐蚀深度、腐蚀轴向长度对失效压力的影响.对比预测模型与数值分析可知,模型系数为YFEA=1.034时,预测模型可以较好地...     

发动机管路卡箍位置动力灵敏度分析与优化设计

针对发动机管路卡箍布置过程中存在的经验性和随意性的问题,将卡箍支撑视为末端固定的平移约束弹簧单元,定义任意两个卡箍之间的管道长度为随机变量.采用有限元法结合离散抽样分析了结构参数对复杂管路系统基频和随机振动的灵敏度,结果表明某些卡箍间距的变动比其他参数的影响更为明显.讨论了卡箍数量和刚度对管路系统的动力学特性的影响规律,并分别以基频与外界激振频率的差值最大化,以及随机振动均方差响应最小化为目标,利用罚函数法对复杂管路系统的关键卡箍位置进行了优化设计.      

拉伸载荷下管路连接副的密封性分析

研究了航空发动机钛合金管路连接副在拉伸载荷下的密封性能.首先,建立了连接副的等效刚性模型, 分析其在拉伸载荷下的受力,研究了密封面的接触力随拉伸载荷的变化规律,从机理上分析了拉伸载荷下管路连接副的密封性.第二,建立了管路连接副在拉伸载荷下的多体弹性接触模型,并对其进行有限元分析.采用初始渗透接触法,实现连接副的预紧状态,在此基础上施加拉伸载荷,然后再进行有限元求解.同时,研究了连接副密封面的接触力、接触面积和接触应力随拉力的变化规律,从而定量地分析连接副的密封性.      

全弹性稳态微小流量测量系统

介绍了一种采用质量测量法的液体微小流量测量系统的工作原理与工作过程.系统采用全弹性连接方法设计,避免了常规质量测量法流量测量装置中非弹性连接管路造成的测量误差.采用压力补偿方法,修正由于压强对增压气体密度的影响.并以酒精为测试液体,进行了5种工况下流量测量试验.试验结果表明,该套微小流量测量系统工作稳定、可靠,可以精确测量出液体稳态微小流量.      

基于点云数据的发动机管路最小间距计算方案

为检测整机发动机管路是否满足最小间距的设计要求,提出了一种基于点云数据的发动机管路最小间距计算方案,方案包含5个步骤:①从点云数据中划分出不同管路的数据;②基于管路点云数据的空间分布构造等间隔栅格,计算栅格中心点作为管路的趋势线数据;③在管路各趋势线数据点位置上构造垂直平面,将管路点云数据投影到最近的垂直平面上,获得各个垂直平面上呈圆弧状分布的投影点数据;④对各垂直平面上的投影点数据进行最小二乘圆拟合,得到拟合圆圆心及其半径值,将拟合圆圆心作为管路中心线数据;⑤采用遍历法计算两条管路中心线数据的最小间距,中心线最小间距分别减去两条管路的半径值则得到两条管路的表面最小间距。通过12条管路验证了方案的准确度。实验结果表明:管路最小间距偏差在-0.35~0.46mm之间,管路半径偏差在-0.08~0.22mm之间。该方案的实施有助于管路间距数字化检测的实现,且方案的计算结果具有较好的鲁棒性。      

Trajectory prediction in pipeline form for intercepting hypersonic gliding vehicles based on LSTM

The interception problem of Hypersonic Gliding Vehicles (HGVs) has been an important aspect of missile defense systems. In order to provide interceptors with accurate information of target trajectory, a model based on an improved Long Short-Time Memory (LSTM) network for trajectory prediction pipeline is proposed for the interception of a skip gliding hypersonic target. Firstly, for trajectory prediction required by intercepting guidance laws, the altitude, velocity and velocity direction of the target are formulated in the form of analytic functions, consisting of linear decay terms and amplitude decay sinusoidal terms. Then, the dynamic characteristics of the model parameters are analyzed, and the target trajectory prediction pipeline is proposed with the prediction error considered. Finally, an improved LSTM network is designed to estimate parameters in a dynamically-updated manner, and estimation results are used for the calculation of the final trajectory prediction pipeline. The proposed prediction algorithm provides information on the velocity vector for midcourse guidance with the effect of prediction errors on interception taken into account. Simulation is conducted and the results show the high accuracy of the algorithm in HGVs’ trajectory prediction which is conducive to increasing the interception success rate.     

壁面温度控制对平板边界层影响的数值研究

通过对零压力梯度的平板边界层流动施加温度控制,展开壁面温度控制对平板层流边界层和湍流边界层影响的研究,探索温度控制对平板转捩雷诺数和壁面摩擦阻力的影响规律。采用带有转捩模式的三方程湍流模型对平板边界层流动进行数值模拟,重点考察了壁面摩阻系数、平板转捩雷诺数、湍流边界层流动随壁面温度变化的规律。计算结果表明在壁面温度从288 K 增大到432 K 时,边界层转捩雷诺数增大约36%,表面摩擦阻力减少约9.6%。研究分析表明：加热控制使层流区域温度边界层内粘性作用增强,雷诺切应力和湍动能减小,流动更加稳定;而湍流区域边界层内粘性底层中速度梯度和粘性切应力减小,导致壁面处摩擦切应力减小。因此壁面加热控制可以延迟边界层转捩,减小湍流区摩阻系数,并减小平板摩擦阻力。     

预存气体闭端管路的充填水击研究

为提升补燃循环发动机仿真平台的分布参数计算能力,针对常温液体充填预存气体闭端管路的水击现象,本文使用Modelica语言基于MWorks平台建立了一维有限体积的管路充填模型,并分别使用该模型和集中参数模型对现有文献中的充填水击实验进行了仿真模拟,结果表明：对于预存气体0.1MPa的工况下,一维有限体积模型与集中参数模型对实验的模拟度均较为接近;而在管路接近真空的工况下,一维有限体积模型的计算结果与实验数据吻合度很高,集中参数模型误差则高达76%左右。在不同预存气体压力下的计算结果表明：在管路刚度一定的条件下,预存气体压力0.1MPa以下时,气体的压缩缓冲作用是充填过程中水击压力峰值得到减弱的主要原因;在预存气体压力0.1MPa以上时,气体的缓冲作用与充填流量的减小共同导致了充填水击压力峰值的减弱。对不同弹性管路的计算表明：在闭端管路的充填过程中,管壁弹性对近真空管路的影响相对较大,对预存气体压力较大的管路几乎没有影响。     

On an analytical solution of Navier–Stokes–Brinkman equations as applied to transfer molding methods

A numerical and analytical method is proposed for solving the equations that describe the flow of a viscous fluid through a porous medium. The method is based on approximating the desired solution for liquid flow velocity components with linear combinations of basis functions. Novelty of this method lies in the selection of generic independent variables and determination of basis functions that satisfy identically the initial equations.     

民用飞机弹性结构水上迫降试验载荷研究

刚体模型和弹性体模型的载荷传递方式不同,为了研究刚体模型和弹性结构模型对飞机水上迫降载荷的影响,根据动力相似性原理设计制造了刚体模型,并根据强度相似性原理设计制造了弹性结构部件,通过气囊加载试验系统验证了弹性结构部件满足强度相似设计要求。通过水上迫降模型试验测得加速度-时间历程曲线,使用傅里叶变换处理试验数据得到加速度峰值。根据刚体模型的试验数据分析,飞机以初始俯仰角12°、襟翼为着陆构型、较小的下沉速度和中重心状态入水时,飞机在水上迫降过程中受到的载荷较小。研究表明：带弹性结构模型和刚体模型所得到的飞机载荷有明显的不同,带弹性结构模型得到的垂向加速度峰值明显低于刚体模型。这种现象主要是由于机体着水底部弹性结构变形吸收了大量的能量。     

全弹性稳态称重法微小流量测量系统

介绍了一种采用称重法原理的新型液体微小流量测量装置的工作原理与工作过程。系统采用全弹性连接方法设计,避免了常规称重法流量测量装置中非弹性连接管路造成的测量误差。采用压力补偿方法,修正由于压强对增压气体密度的影响。并以酒精为测试液体,进行了5种工况下流量测量试验。试验结果表明,该套微小流量测量系统工作稳定、可靠,可以精确测量出液体微小流量。     

A method of airfoil shape completing

An iteration method for airfoil shape completing using the pressure coefficient distribution specified on its sought part is proposed. The incompressible flow viscosity is taken into account by the boundary layer model, the iteration process is constructed with the use of G.Yu. Stepanov’s idea. The solution algorithm is compiled and a set of numerical calculations is carried out. It is shown that the method proposed offers advantages over the well-known numerical-analytical scheme of solving mixed inverse boundary-value problems of aerohydrodynamics in the case of viscous incompressible fluid.     

航空发动机管路测量数据分割方法

 为了提高航空发动机管路测量数据的反求建模效率,提出了一种区域增长分割算法。该方法主要是利用管路表面在曲面索引系数映射、主曲率映射、高斯映射上的特性,并基于均值漂移算法和遗传算法提出了区域分割算法中种子区域的选择策略。然后利用区域增长分割方法实现了对管路测量数据的分割。经过仿真和实测数据验证,所提管路分割算法具有较好的分割质量和效率。     

Structural shape parametric optimization for an internal structural-acoustic problem

A structural shape optimization problem, with respect to the structural aspect ratio is developed in the context of an axisymmetric structural-acoustic system, consisting of an elastic dome coupled with an internal acoustic cavity, is analyzed in the low- and medium-frequency ranges. The dome is a thin shell considered as a three-dimensional continuum with a dissipative constitutive equation. The internal fluid is a dissipative acoustic fluid. The dome is submitted to an external wall pressure field modeled by a stochastic field. The cost function is related to the pressure field over an internal axisymmetric observation surface inside the acoustic cavity. We are interested in minimizing the internal noise over the observation surface with respect to the structural aspect ratio defining the geometric shape of the dome. This paper develops an analysis of the structural-acoustic shape optimization problem to determine wheter or not there exist values of the dome aspect ratio for which the internal noise is a minimum. The frequency response functions of the structural-acoustic system are calculated to construct the cost function. In this context, the Fourier series expansions of the structural displacement field and the internal fluid velocity potential are carried out with respect to the polar angle variable. For each fixed circumferential wave number, a reduced matrix model is constructed using the structural modes of the structure in vacuo and the acoustic modes of the internal acoustic cavity with rigid wall. The structural modes and the acoustic modes are computed by the finite element method. The optimization parameter is the aspect ratio of the structure. The analysis presented shows that the structural shape optimization problem of the dome with respect to its aspect ratio parameter has a clear solution which minimizes internal noise in the low- and medium-frequency ranges.