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基于足绑式惯性测量单元(IMU)的惯性导航系统被广泛应用于行人导航中,其通过零速修正(ZUPT)算法可对速度估计误差进行较好的补偿,然而其位置误差会随时间发散。针对于此,提出了一种基于室内合作场景智能识别的行人导航算法。通过随机森林算法,对行人在室内平地步行、上楼梯、下楼梯等不同步态进行训练与辨识,并结合室内先验地图对行人导航的结果进行校正。通过实验表明,行人在室内行走1100m时最大定位误差为1.85m(总行程0.17%),相对无场景识别的方法精度提高了6倍,可以有效提高行人导航精度。 相似文献
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针对行人导航定位问题,研究了基于人体运动学辅助的可穿戴式行人导航系统实现的关键技术。首先基于人体运动学原理构建了零速检测模型,使用最优综合判断条件有效检测出对应的零速时刻,实时进行速度和姿态的更新修正。在检测到零速时刻时,将速度误差、位置误差作为观测量,经Kalman滤波估计惯导系统误差并进行反馈校正,抑制惯导系统的误差,提高导航定位精度。研制了集信息采集、数据传输、导航解算与监控显示于一体的可穿戴式行人导航系统,可对行人的运动状态进行实时监控。所设计的基于人体运动学辅助的可穿戴式行人导航系统,平均定位误差小于行走距离的1.1%,最大不超过1.7%,验证了本系统的可靠性和适用性。 相似文献
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针对消防员在地下矿洞、隧道、室内等救援环境中存在因卫星拒止而导致的定位精度差的问题,设计了一种基于多传感器零速修正(Zero-velocity Update, ZUPT)的消防员定位方法。该方法以捷联惯导零速修正为基础,磁强计、高度计为辅进行定位,将惯性传感器、磁强计、高度计固连在鞋上,根据消防员行走过程中脚底完全接触到地面时速度基本为零这一特点,通过Kalman滤波对捷联惯导输出的导航信息进行修正,可实现无信标环境下消防员自主定位。通过半实物仿真实验采集离线数据并计算定位结果,验证了算法的有效性,误差比不超过1%D。 相似文献
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针对纯惯性行人导航系统中,高度误差很快发散的问题,提出了一种在零速区间内将水平误差和高度误差分开修正的算法。首先,利用陀螺仪输出在零速区间内的先验信息,设计了一个基于伪标准差和N-P准则的零速检测算法。然后,通过对比纯惯导条件下零速修正前后高度估计的结果,发现传统零速修正对高度误差过度修正,因而提出一种将水平误差和高度误差分开修正的方法,以便控制高度修正的程度,使得高度修正结果按照期望进行。经过大量不同环境,不同行人的实测实验,验证了文章提出的改进高度通道的行人导航零速修正算法准确有效,相对传统零速修正算法,本算法大大提高了高度估计的精度。 相似文献
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针对GPS信号易受干扰遮挡以及利用载波相位差分进行相对定位时整周模糊度浮点解精度差、搜索空间大的不足,提出INS辅助的GPS相对定位算法.首先采用INS/GPS深组合方式,实现伪距、伪距率的滤波平滑;然后利用校正后的惯性信息、伪距、载波相位集中滤波得到高精度的浮点解和协方差阵;最后利用LAMBDA算法得到模糊度固定解和相对位置信息.文中使用GPS实测数据和仿真惯导数据进行相对定位试验,结果表明在GPS信号受到短时遮挡时,有惯性辅助和没有惯性辅助相比,东北天3个方向的平均误差分别下降66.45%、82.32%、85.66%;且该算法可改善模糊度指标,压缩整周模糊度搜索空间,提升整周模糊度求解效率. 相似文献
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针对军事上对单兵定位和民用领域为行人提供位置服务的需求,提出了足部固定MIMU的行人导航算法.利用人体行走过程中脚部与地面相接触的静止时间段,采用零速更新(ZeroVelocity Update,ZVU)对INS继续对准或标定,而零速检测又是实现零速修正的基础.研究对比了在足部固定MIMU进行零速检测的常用方法,针对常用算法阈值自适应性差,无法检测步速变化转弯等一些异常情况对行人零速检测产生误判等问题,提出优化的零速判断算法,使得加速度计信号和陀螺仪信号综合应用到零速检测.最后,利用改进算法设计行人室内平地正常行走(大约5km/h)包含步速变化和转弯过程的实验.实验结果表明,优化的零速检测算法相比之前的常用算法,能更准确地检测零速并进行修正,对导航轨迹和导航误差有更好的修正效果. 相似文献
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为了解决探测器在月面工作时惯性导航系统的误差累积问题,克服现有研究对环境敏感或是需要定期停止才能进行误差修复的短板,结合探测器的行驶行为,将探测器使用零速更新(ZUPT)原理修正误差的过程分解成了无ZUPT、完全ZUPT、水平动态ZUPT和垂向动态ZUPT 4种子模型的叠加,并分别推导了它们的系统矩阵和测量矩阵.针对月面导航系统提出了 一种新型多模型零速更新(MMZUPT)算法.该算法应用多模型交互原理,允许多种更新模型同时工作,可以通过计算每个模型的权重在每个定位历元输出最优导航结果并约束误差.在精心挑选的受限环境中对月面导航进行了模拟实验,结果表明,所提MMZUPT方法无需频繁地主动停车以满足传统ZUPT使用边界就可以取得良好的效果,并且通过对包含错误的校准信号加以识别和利用可以获得更好的性能. 相似文献
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重力扰动已成为高精度惯性导航系统的一项主要误差源,对其进行补偿可进一步提升导航精度.通过EIGEN-6C4重力场模型可计算全球范围内的重力扰动,模型阶次越高,计算结果越精确,但相应的计算量和存储量越大,在传统的导航计算机上使用高阶模型很难满足实时性要求,而使用低阶模型会导致较大的截断误差.针对以上问题,根据模型阶次与空间分辨率的关系,以及重力扰动在惯导力学编排中的传播特性,研究了一种易于在嵌入式系统实现的可随载体运动状态降频率、降阶次的实时重力补偿方案,并采用DSP实现了软硬件方案.最后,通过半实物仿真验证了所述方案既能满足实时性要求,也能保证补偿精度:东向及北向位置精度最大提升649 m和686 m,平均提升效果可达2 190阶重力模型补偿后精度提升量级的94%. 相似文献
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In outdoor environments, GPS is often used for pedestrian navigation by utilizing its signals for position computation, but in indoor or semi-obstructed environments, GPS signals are often unavailable. Therefore, pedestrian navigation for these environments should be realized by the integration of GPS and inertial navigation system (INS). However, the lowcost INS could induce errors that may result in a large position drift. The problem can be minimized by mounting the sensors on the pedestrian's foot, using zero velocity update (ZUPT) method with the standard navigation algorithm to restrict the error growth. However, heading drift still remains despite using ZUPT measurements since the heading error is unobservable. Also, tbot mounted INS suffers from the initialization ambiguity of position and heading from GPS. In this paper, a novel algorithm is developed to mitigate the heading drift problem when using ZUPT. The method uses building lay- out to aid the heading measurement in Kalman filter, and it could also be combined for the initial- ization. The algorithm has been investigated with real field trials using the low cost Microstrain 3DM-GX3-25 inertial sensor, a Leica GS10 GPS receiver and a uBlox EVK-6T GPS receiver. It could be concluded that the proposed method offers a significant improvement in position accuracy for the long period, allowing pedestrian navigation for nearly40 min with mean position error less than 2.8 m. This method also has a considerable effect on the accuracy of the initialization. 相似文献
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This paper addresses differential global positioning system (DGPS)/inertial measurement unit (IMU) integration-based geolocation system developed for airborne remote sensing cameras. First, we provide a brief review on sensor calibration, alignment and sensor fusion as background material of this research. After presenting those background material, as a main part of this paper we present a geolocation algorithm designed for an airborne imaging system. The geolocation system developed is tested through actual airborne experiments. For the verification of the geolocation system developed, we compare initial stationary states of the airplane before-taking off with states after-landing. From the actual test results, we find that it is critical to do an accurate time synchronization between IMU, DGPS, and airborne images, and to compensate for the data delay occurred during the network transfer. 相似文献
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An Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is commonly used to fuse raw Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements and Inertial Navigation System (INS) derived measurements. However, the Conventional EKF (CEKF) suffers the problem for which the uncertainty of the statistical properties to dynamic and measurement models will degrade the performance. In this research, an Adaptive Interacting Multiple Model (AIMM) filter is developed to enhance performance. The soft-switching property of Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) algorithm allows the adaptation between two levels of process noise, namely lower and upper bounds of the process noise. In particular, the Sage adaptive filtering is applied to adapt the measurement covariance on line. In addition, a classified measurement update strategy is utilized, which updates the pseudorange and Doppler observations sequentially. A field experiment was conducted to validate the proposed algorithm, the pseudorange and Doppler observations from Global Positioning System (GPS) and BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) were post-processed in differential mode. The results indicate that decimeter-level positioning accuracy is achievable with AIMM for GPS/INS and GPS/BDS/INS configurations, and the position accuracy is improved by 35.8%, 34.3% and 33.9% for north, east and height components, respectively, compared to the CEKF counterpart for GPS/BDS/INS. Degraded performance for BDS/INS is obtained due to the lower precision of BDS pseudorange observations. 相似文献
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当舰上的主导航系统与载机子惯导之间进行传递对准时,船体的变形会引起对准误差。想消除船体变形的影响从理论上讲,挠曲变形可以通过卡尔曼滤波进行估计,但在实际上很难建立足够精确的模型。通过船体变形的测量与校正技术,在大型载舰存在复杂动态变化的情况下,可采用分布式姿态基准,在载舰上的不同部位安装有限套惯性测量单元(IMU),与舰上主导航系统构建成一个惯导网络,为载机子惯导的传递对准提供更丰富、更准确的载舰状态信息,从而大大提高传递对准的精度的研究。 相似文献