Environmental stress level evaluation approach based on physical model and interval grey association degree

 Associating environmental stresses (ESs) with built-in test (BIT) output is an important means to help diagnose intermittent faults (IFs). Aiming at low efficiency in association of traditional time stress measurement device (TSMD), an association model is built. Thereafter, a novel approach is given to evaluate the integrated environmental stress (IES) level. Firstly, the selection principle and approach of main environmental stresses (MESs) and key characteristic parameters (KCPs) are presented based on fault mode, mechanism, and ESs analysis (FMMEA). Secondly, reference stress events (RSEs) are constructed by dividing IES into three stress levels according to its impact on faults; and then the association model between integrated environmental stress event (IESE) and BIT output is built. Thirdly, an interval grey association approach to evaluate IES level is proposed due to the interval number of IES value. Consequently, the association output can be obtained as well. Finally, a case study is presented to demonstrate the proposed approach. Results show the proposed model and approach are effective and feasible. This approach can be used to guide ESs measure, record, and association. It is well suited for on-line assistant diagnosis of faults, especially IFs.     

基于扩展单故障策略的多故障诊断算法

目前存在的测试性分析和故障诊断工具基本都是基于单故障假设,这一假设已经不适用于拥有很多元器件的复杂系统或者在运行过程中很少或不具备维修机会的系统。针对这一问题,研究了有效的基于扩展单故障策略的多故障序贯测试算法。该算法以最优单故障策略为基础,通过应用附加测试来隔离隐藏故障;通过更新故障状态集,重新调用单故障策略来隔离冒充故障。以某型机载电子设备为例给出实例分析,验证了该算法隔离隐藏故障和冒充故障的有效性。     

Detection and diagnosis of sensor and actuator failures using IMMestimator

An approach to detection and diagnosis of multiple failures in a dynamic system is proposed. It is based on the interacting multiple-model (IMM) estimation algorithm, which is one of the most cost-effective adaptive estimation techniques for systems involving structural as well as parametric changes. The proposed approach provides an integrated framework for fault detection, diagnosis, and state estimation. It is able to detect and isolate multiple faults substantially more quickly and more reliably than many existing approaches. Its superiority is illustrated in two aircraft examples for single and double faults of both sensors and actuators, in the forms of “total”, “partial”, and simultaneous failures. Both deterministic and random fault scenarios are designed and used for testing and comparing the performance fairly. Some new performance indices are presented. The robustness of the proposed approach to the design of model transition probabilities, fault modeling errors, and the uncertainties of noise statistics are also evaluated     

基于模糊奇偶方程的非线性系统传感器故障诊断

 给出了一种非线性系统传感器的故障诊断方法。该方法将T-S 模糊模型、全解耦奇偶方程和参数估计相结合,同时对非线性系统的多个传感器的故障进行检测、隔离与识别。设计出用于产生残差的线性系统全解耦奇偶方程,并给出了全解耦奇偶向量的存在条件,全解耦奇偶方程产生的残差仅对一个传感器故障敏感,而对系统状态、扰动输入和其它传感器输出解耦。引入T-S 模型将全解耦奇偶方程推广到非线性系统中得到了模糊奇偶方程。传感器的故障模型表示为刻度因子和偏差的形式,根据残差信息应用卡尔曼估计方法可识别出故障模型的参数。最后给出了某型号飞机控制系统传感器的故障诊断仿真实例。     

非线性系统的BP神经网络在线建模及故障检测

回顾了非线性系统建模、故障检测与诊断（ＦＤＤ）及ＢＰ神经网络应用中存在的问题。提出了一种ＢＰ网络在线阶段自学习方式及应用该方式对非线性系统进行在线建模和故障检测的方法。仿真结果表明,本文提出的方式和方法是可行的     

飞机燃油系统实时故障诊断专家系统研究

对于飞机燃油系统故障诊断问题,提出了一种利用专家系统进行飞机燃油系统故障诊断的新方法。通过构建专家系统知识库和推理机,同时利用LabVIEW工具建立了相应的软件环境,开发了飞机燃油故障诊断系统。仿真结果表明,该系统很好地发挥了专家系统的智能性,能够快速准确地诊断出燃油系统的故障,并能提出有效的重构方案,完全适合于飞机燃油系统的故障诊断。     

非平稳信号特征提取在航空发动机故障诊断中的应用

在航空发动机早期故障诊断中,特征提取是早期诊断的重要过程之一.文中以航空发动机转子故障为研究对象,给出了基于经验模式分解、小波分析为核心的故障特征提取方法,并作了针对性的比较研究.在matlab7.0环境下开发了一个故障特征提取软件系统.研究结果表明:基于经验模式分解的时频分析方法可以很有效地提取到非平稳故障特征信号,是一种适合于非线性信号处理的方法.     

检测传感器故障的鲁棒观测器

介绍一种在系统参数变化情况下进行故障检测的观测器。对观测器采用特征值、特征向量进行联合配置的算法 ,并对估计误差设计奇偶空间 ,使各传感器的故障在奇偶空间中被解耦分离 ,因而可用一个观测器检测与分离多路故障传感器 ,实现了故障检测的鲁棒性     

第三类瞬时故障

 瞬时故障广泛存在于各种系统并导致功能失效。按照其导致系统故障的机理不同,瞬时故障可被划分为若干类。第一类瞬时故障具有这样的性质,其持续时间一旦超过某一界限即引起系统故障。第二类瞬时故障导致系统故障的概率与其出现时刻有关而与其持续时间无关。 本文讨论第三类瞬时故障并计算其在（0,t）时间内不导致系统故障的概率。第三类瞬时故障具有这样的性质,其导致系统故障的概率与其持续对间的关系服从某一分布。本文所建立的用于描述第三类瞬时故障的模型考虑了瞬时故障不出现状态FNP,以及瞬时故障不作用状态FN和瞬时故障作用状态FA向FNP的转移,但并没有假定状态之间的转移具有Markov性质。因而可被广泛接受。     

基于交互多模估计策略的故障检诊方法

针对多模自适应（ＭＭＡＥ）故障检诊（ＦＤＤ）方法的局限性,提出了一种基于交互多模（ＩＭＭ）估计策略的动态系统中多重故障的检诊方法。交互多模估计是针对包含有结构以及参数的系统的一种效率较好的自适应估计技术,它提供了故障检测、诊断和状态估计的集中框架。通过对在传感器和作动器中含有多个故障飞机的仿真。结果表明,所提供的方法比其它方法能够更快、更可靠地检测和隔离出多重故障。     

Automated Learning Applied to Fault Diagnosis

Automated learning methods can be used to design fault diagnosis procedures. When the characteristics of the measurements that distinguish the various faults are unknown, they can be ``learned' from example measurements on faulty systems. A learning algorithm is presented for determining which of several possible faults exists in a system. The procedure is demonstrated on a system where the test conditions preclude the use of traditional diagnosis procedures. When applied to actual hardware, the experimental results show good agreement with the theoretical limit of diagnosability. The resulting diagnosis is faster, simpler, and requires fewer measurements than other methods.     

THE ROBUST OBSERVER FOR FAULTDETECTION OF THE SENSOR

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基于自适应滑模观测器的航空发动机故障诊断

为解决现有航空发动机基于模型的在线故障诊断方法存在对模型精度要求高等的问题,利用滑模方法设计一种自适应滑模观测器对航空发动机进行在线故障重构、诊断与隔离。对传感器故障和执行机构故障分别设计了重构算法,针对两者重构故障的特点提出了判断逻辑,讨论了设计参数对于观测效果与抖振的影响。 Matlab/Simulink仿真结果显示,重构的故障与实际故障基本吻合,对故障的诊断、隔离、定位具有良好效果,并对环境不确定性具有优良的鲁棒性。     

卫星姿态时延反步容错控制

针对卫星在轨飞行过程中存在执行机构故障及带有常值干扰的控制问题,提出了一种将时延控制(TDC)与反步技术相结合的鲁棒容错控制方法。该方法在继承反步控制优点的同时,引入积分环节用于减小常值干扰引起的稳态误差;同时,利用TDC的逼近能力来补偿执行机构的故障,且对设计者而言,故障信息不需要进行在线的检测和分离,而仅需要一步状态迭代。基于Lyapunov方法从理论上证明了系统的稳定性。最后,将该方法应用于卫星的姿态调节控制,仿真结果表明该控制器能有效地抑制外部干扰、参数不确定性和执行机构故障的约束,在完成姿态调节控制的同时,具有良好的过渡过程品质。     

粗糙集与神经网络在航空发动机气路故障诊断中的应用

提出了一种基于粗糙集理论和神经网络集成的发动机智能故障诊断方法,首先对测量数据进行离散处理,并运用粗糙集理论建立故障决策表,进而约简属性和提取规则,对航空发动机气路部件的几种典型故障进行隔离。然后建立神经网络故障诊断子系统,使用粗糙集处理后的数据计算出发动机气路相关部件的故障程度。最后,还验证了粗糙集神经网络故障诊断系统的抗噪性能。研究表明,该系统能够正确而且高效地诊断出发动机故障的严重程度,并具备良好的抑制噪声的能力。      

航空发动机故障的支持矢量机智能诊断

引入支持矢量机和多元分类算法到航空发动机故障诊断当中。通过设计的多元分类支持矢量机构建了小样本多参数航空发动机故障智能诊断模型，然后通过发动机故障仿真器对典型发动机气路故障进行了诊断。结果表明，支持矢量机具有优秀的故障学习能力，采用它进行航空发动机故障诊断是可行、有效的。     

Sensor/actuator fault diagnosis based on statistical analysis of innovation sequence and Robust Kalman Filtering

In this paper, an approach to detect and isolate the aircraft sensor/actuator faults affecting the mean of the Kalman filter innovation sequence is presented. The effects of the sensor and actuator faults in the innovation process of the channels are investigated, and a decision approach to isolate the sensor and actuator faults is proposed. When a Kalman filter is used, the decision statistics change regardless of whether the fault is in the sensors or in the actuators, whilst when a Robust Kalman Filter (RKF) is used, it is easy to distinguish the sensor and actuator faults. A novel feature of this diagnostic method is that the innovation sequence based fault isolation algorithm has been presented and hence, the sensor/actuator fault detection and isolation problem has been solved. The categories (or classes) of the likely faults are not demanded. The statistical characteristics of the system are not required to be known after the fault has occurred. In the simulations, the longitudinal dynamics of an aircraft control system are considered, and the detection and isolation of pitch rate gyro faults and actuator faults affecting the mean of the innovation sequence are examined.     

全修复策略下FADEC系统多故障TLD仿真分析

由于航空发动机全权限电子控制(FADEC)系统的时间限制派遣(TLD)分析是航空发动机型号合格审定的一项必要工作,针对目前FADEC系统的多故障TLD仿真分析方法中没有考虑短时限制派遣(ST)值可变以及维修策略对TLD分析影响的不足,提出了全修复策略下FADEC系统的多故障TLD仿真分析方法。分析和比较了现有的FADEC系统维修策略,按照机会维修或成组维修原理,提出了全修复策略。按照全修复策略,开展了仿真建模分析,设计和研究了多故障TLD的仿真流程和方法。通过实例仿真与分析,验证了所提仿真方法不受FADEC系统中零部件数量的影响,而且相对于单故障Markov模型,增加了占总故障数量8.84%的组合故障,提高了分析精度。     

Fault tolerant control system design with explicit consideration of performance degradation

A new approach is proposed for active fault tolerant control systems (FTCS), which allows one to explicitly incorporate allowable system performance degradation in the event of partial actuator fault in the design process. The method is based on model-following and command input management techniques. The degradation in dynamic performance is accounted for through a degraded reference model. A novel method for,selecting such a model is also presented. The degradation in steady-state performance is dealt with using a command input adjustment technique. When a fault is detected by the fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) scheme, the reconfigurable controller is designed automatically using an eigenstructure assignment algorithm in an explicit model-following framework so that the dynamics of the closed-loop system follow that of the degraded reference model. In the mean time, the command input is also adjusted automatically to prevent the actuators from saturation. The proposed method has been evaluated using the lateral dynamics of an F-8 aircraft against actuator faults subject to constraints on the magnitude of actuator inputs. Very encouraging results have been obtained.     

发动机经验故障方程的建立与求解

本文提出了根据发动机故障样本建立发动机故障方程并利用最优化方法(主特征量模型)求解的故障诊断方法。经验故障方程是不同于发动机小偏差方程的另一类故障方程,它为发动机故障诊断提供了一条简便易行的途径,并且使发动机故障诊断范围扩展到气路分析方法难以适用的场合。文申讨论了经验故障方程的建立方法,求解方法和应用特点,给出了利用经验故障方程进行发动机故障诊断的实例。