多飞行器再入段时间协同弹道规划方法

提出了一种多飞行器再入段时间协同弹道规划方法。首先,在纵向平面内规划满足航程与终端约束的纵向标称轨迹。随后,在采用轨迹跟踪律跟踪纵向标称轨迹的同时,运用考虑初始横侧向状态的多边界航向偏差角走廊策略控制飞行器的横侧向机动,以满足到达时间约束与终端约束,进而实现单枚飞行器到达时间约束下的轨迹规划。在此基础上,完成了飞行器的到达时间分布与飞行能力分析,给出了最小与最大到达时间的分析计算方法,并根据多飞行器协同再入的任务需求完成了协同飞行时间决策。最后,多飞行器协同再入与扰动条件下的仿真结果表明,该方法能够规划出满足到达时间与终端约束的协同再入轨迹,具备良好的计算精度与鲁棒性。     

高超声速滑翔飞行器约束预测校正再入制导

针对大升阻比高超声速滑翔飞行器的再入制导问题,将再入轨迹划分为初始下降段、过渡段和准平衡滑翔段。初始下降段采用定倾侧角飞行,过渡段在最大倾侧角附近飞行,准平衡滑翔段利用数值预测校正方法和准平衡滑翔条件在线设计同时满足过程约束和终端约束的倾侧角制导律。通过标准条件和扰动条件下的仿真结果表明,这种制导律在满足各种约束的条件下,不仅能够达到较高的精度,而且对初始误差具有良好的鲁棒性,能够应付再入时各种不确定性因素的影响。     

基于HP-RPM的高超声速滑翔飞行器轨迹优化

针对含有航路点、禁飞区约束的再入突防轨迹优化问题,提出了基于HP自适应Radau伪谱法(HP-RPM)的分段轨迹优化策略,给出了在含有热流密度、过载、动压、航路点和禁飞区等约束条件下的再入轨迹优化模型;利用HP-RPM对含有再入的最优控制问题进行离散化,将其转为非线性规划问题,并根据航路点所在的位置,对再入轨迹进行分段,以再入滑翔飞行的时间最短为仿真目标函数进行仿真计算。仿真结果表明,此方法可以生成一条满足多种约束条件的高精度优化轨迹,并且用时较短。     

高超声速飞行器并行子空间优化设计

采用正交试验设计方法生成初始数据库,建立二次多项式响应面近似模型,以最大巡航距离为设计目标,机体/推进一体化外形参数和巡航弹道参数为设计变量,对高超声速飞行器进行了多约束多学科的并行子空间优化设计.优化设计获得了多学科融合条件下的最优化外形和弹道参数,可作为飞行器进一步详细设计的参考方案.      

机动飞机／发动机设计参数的一体化选择

发展了一种机动飞机／发动机设计参数的一体化选择方法和软件。根据机动飞机的飞行任务要求，确定设计目标和约束，其中包括飞机性能约束和发动机部件设计约束，并以此对飞机的主要设计参数和发动机循环参数进行一体化优选。该软件由飞机几何、飞机质量、飞机气动性能、发动机非安装和安装性能、发动机质量和外廓尺寸、飞机性能、优化等模块组成。此软件已应用于已有机动飞机／发动机的改型方案论证和未来高机动飞机／发动机方案的分析研究，本文给出部分计算实例。使用此软件的经验表明，计算结果合理，计算精度和所需时间适合于飞机／发动机系统方案论证和初步设计。     

Direct dynamic-simulation approach to trajectory optimization

This paper proposes a new direct method for an efficient trajectory optimization using the point that the dynamics of a deterministic system are uniquely determined by initial states and controls imposed over the time horizon of interest. To effectively implement this concept, the Hermite spline is adopted to interpolate the continuous controls and the system dynamics are integrated with corresponding control parameters in prior. As a result, the optimal control problem can be transcribed into a nonlinear programming problem which has no dynamic equality constraints and no intermediate states in its design variables. In addition, the paper proposes an efficient recursive Jacobian estimation technique and introduces a Jacobian transformation matrix to straightforwardly handle the general state constraints. Important properties of the present method are thoroughly investigated through its applications to the trajectory optimization for a soft lunar landing from a parking orbit, including the detailed analyses for the de-orbiting phase. The computed results are compared with those using the pseudo-spectral method to demonstrate an extreme outperformance of the proposed method in the aerospace applications over the traditional direct method.     

高超声速飞行器再入多段导引方法研究

针对通用航空飞行器(CAV)的再入飞行问题,研究了一种滑翔式再入飞行器的三自由度轨迹快速生成方法。该方法将再入轨迹分为初始下降段、过渡段和占大部分飞行时间的拟平衡滑翔段,引入拟平衡滑翔条件(QEGC),将过程约束转换成倾侧角制导律的上界。结合预测校正方法在线设计满足各种轨迹约束的倾侧角制导律,最后在计算机上进行制导仿真。仿真结果表明,该方法可快速地得到满足过程约束和目标要求的弹道。     

Optimal trajectory design accounting for the stabilization of linear time-varying error dynamics

This study is dedicated to the development of a direct optimal control-based algorithm for trajectory optimization problems that accounts for the closed-loop stability of the trajectory tracking error dynamics already during the optimization. Consequently, the trajectory is designed such that the Linear Time-Varying(LTV) dynamic system, describing the controller’s error dynamics, is stable, while additionally the desired optimality criterion is optimized and all enforced constraints on the traje...     

基于非线性规划的高超声速滑翔轨迹优化

研究了最大航程的无动力滑翔轨迹优化问题。为避免间接法的缺点,采用直接单重打靶法将轨迹优化问题转换为非线性规划问题,并利用非梯度优化算法和梯度优化算法相结合的混合优化策略得到最优轨迹。仿真结果表明,在采用更为真实的大气模型和动力学模型条件下,该方法具有较高的求解精度、收敛性以及鲁棒性,降低了初值要求;相对于最大升阻比轨迹,射程提高1.54%。     

Optimization method for mission analysis of aeroassisted orbital transfer vehicles

This paper is about an optimization method which has been developed to deal with trajectory optimization and mission analysis of an aeroassisted orbital transfer vehicle (OTV), in the context of preliminary design studies. Although this kind of trajectory can already be computed with existing trajectory optimization tools, we need a faster and robust tool which can be integrated as a “black box” in a multidisciplinary design process, in order to study rapidly many different OTV concepts and missions. In this context, our objective is not to get a very precise “optimal trajectory”, as existing “heavy” optimization tools do, but a solution precise enough to give a good insight of the performance (namely, the apogee altitude variation) and the mechanical and thermal loads. Incidentally, the solution obtained may also be used as an initial guess for a more precise trajectory optimization tool. To achieve this goal, we have studied parametric formulations of the control law, with optimization of the switching times. This development has been done considering a low lift-to-drag ratio vehicle (controlled only with the bank angle), like the aerocapture-designed version of the Mars Sample Return Orbiter. The cost function to be minimized is the heat flux, which is a key parameter for the multidisciplinary design of this kind of vehicle. The parametric formulation eventually chosen yields a good level of precision and robustness. Also, the study has been pushed further with the optimization of some mission parameters in the same process, in order to get directly preliminary answers to some trade-off issues in the mission analysis, like the choice of the initial perigee altitude.     

轨迹／飞行器总体参数的一体化优化方法研究

基于飞行力学、最优控制理论、最优化方法，采用两种轨迹／飞行器总体参数的一体化优化方法－－静态＋动态一体化优化方法和参数最优化方法，研究载人飞船再入的轨迹／总体参数的优化，并比较了两种一体化优化方法的不同特点。通过数字计算，得到飞船的最优滚转程序、升阻比，再入角和再人终端时间。结果分析表明，两种一体化优化方法有得到较高精度。     

基于罚函数序列凸规划的多无人机轨迹规划

多无人机（UAVs）轨迹规划是具有非线性运动约束和非凸路径约束的最优控制问题。引入序列凸规划思想,将非凸最优控制问题近似为一系列凸优化子问题,并利用成熟的凸优化算法进行求解,以更好地权衡最优性和时效性。首先,建立了多无人机协同轨迹规划的非凸最优控制模型。然后,利用离散化和凸近似方法将其转换为凸优化问题,包括对无人机运动模型的线性化,以及对威胁规避约束和无人机碰撞约束的凸化。同时,提出了一种离散点间的威胁规避方法,保证无人机在离散轨迹点间的飞行安全。在凸优化模型的基础上,给出了基于罚函数序列凸规划求解多无人机轨迹规划的具体框架。最后,通过数值仿真验证了方法的有效性,结果表明该方法在多机轨迹规划结果的最优性和时效性都要优于伪谱法,而且优势随编队数量的增加而增大。     

乘波飞行器一体化构型设计

为提高高超声速飞行器设计的水平,提出一种结合优化设计和灵敏度分析的新设计策略,并将其应用于高超声速乘波飞行器的二维一体化构型的设计.结合实验设计方法、响应面技术和遗传算法构建了一套改进的优化方法,结合设计参数取值域、正交设计和方差分析发展了一种灵敏度分析方法.在优化设计过程中,通过参数化建模、网格自动生成和CFD求解,应用改进的优化方法对飞行器进行了多点多目标设计,得到了Pareto最优前沿面和优化推荐构型.针对推荐构型,应用灵敏度分析方法进行了非设计状态的性能分析,并基于灵敏度分析结果对推荐构型进行了修形设计.     

基于偏置比例导引与凸优化的火箭垂直着陆制导

凸优化由于求解效率高在飞行器轨迹规划和制导中得到广泛研究应用。但是，由于火箭垂直返回制导需要考虑气动力带来的非线性，现有的凸优化求解方法或简单地采取逐次线性化近似凸化最优控制问题，经常出现收敛性问题；或需针对具体问题进行相应的系列凸化剪裁，虽然改善了收敛性，但不同模型的凸化剪裁方法差别很大，通用性较差。为此，将偏置比例导引与凸优化相结合，用以求解存在落角、落速和推力范围约束的火箭垂直返回定点软着陆制导问题。提出的制导方法将该制导问题分解为法向满足落角与落点约束的偏置比例导引，以及切向满足速度与推力约束的凸优化和滚动时域控制制导。在切向制导中，提出利用三次多项式近似飞行轨迹以方便凸优化求解，并建立剩余飞行时间的估算方法以提供给比例导引。仿真结果表明，提出的制导方法能有效满足各种约束，实现火箭精确着陆。与现有的直接采取逐次线性化近似的凸优化方法相比，提出的方法由于将制导进行切向和法向分解，大为简化了凸优化模型，显著提高了求解效率和收敛性。此外，提出的方法无需复杂繁琐的凸化处理，对于一般的推力可控且对末速存在约束的固定终端位置的制导问题皆适用。     

基于微分进化算法的深空小推力轨道优化设计

针对多目标多任务的深空探测轨道优化设计问题,基于以太阳为主引力体的二体模型,采用电推进小推力系统,提出了将目标行星的探测方式、探测顺序、发射窗口同时进行全局优化的解决方案.依此建立小推力轨道优化设计算法模型,利用微分进化算法进行全局一体化优化设计,得出多目标多任务的一体化深空探测轨道.通过与相同条件下其他设计方法的结果比对分析得出：基于小推力推进方式并采用微分进化算法进行优化的轨道优化设计方案,在多目标多任务深空轨道一体化设计问题上具有可行性及应用价值.     

Footprint Problem with Angle of Attack Optimization for High Lifting Reentry Vehicle

A formal analysis to footprint problem with effects of angle of attack (AOA) is presented. First a flexible and rapid standardized method for footprint generation is developed. Zero bank angle control strategy and the maximum crossrange method are used to obtain virtual target set; afterward, closed-loop bank angle guidance law is used to find footprint by solving closest approach problem for each element in virtual target set. Then based on quasi-equilibrium glide condition, the typical inequality reentry trajectory constraints are converted to angle of attack lower boundary constraint. Constrained by the lower boundary, an original and practical angle of attack parametric method is proposed. By using parametric angle of attack profile, optimization algorithm for angle of attack is designed and the impact of angle of attack to footprint is discussed. Simulations with different angle of attack profiles are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed footprint solution method and validity of optimal algorithm.     

基于Radau伪谱方法的轨迹优化

研究了导弹在末制导阶段满足多约束条件下的轨迹优化问题。针对传统方法在处理复杂的非线性运动学、动力学约束上存在的困难,提出了一种基于Radau伪谱方法(RPM)的求解策略。首先,给出了考虑导弹速度和空气密度变化、终端和过程约束条件以及2种不同的性能指标函数的最优轨迹优化问题;其次,利用RPM将轨迹优化问题转化为非线性规划问题,采用序列二次规划算法求得最优解;最后,分2种初始条件对最大落角和最大终端速度的轨迹优化问题进行了仿真验证,结果表明:本文方法能够在较短的时间内生成一条满足多种约束要求的高精度的最优轨迹。     

多约束RLV快速再入轨迹规划

研究了一种多约束的重复使用运载器(RLV)三自由度快速再人轨迹规划方法.对于高超声速远程的情况,考虑地球旋转对轨迹规划的精度影响较显著,提出了完整的拟平衡条件;将RLV再入过程划分为两段:初始下降段和滑翔段.首先,将再入走廊转化为控制量的上下边界,在搜索满足航程的控制量时引入近似的纬度和航向角;其次,以终点航程横向偏差为依据迭代搜索改变倾侧方向的时刻;最后,提出航程修正的方法,进一步提高终端落点的精度.通过仿真验证了快速轨迹规划的有效性.     

有动力空间再入打击飞行器航迹优化

提出了有动力再入打击飞行器的航迹优化方法。基于标准的大气模型、数值的气动模型,考虑地球自转效应,建立了有动力再入打击飞行器的航迹优化模型。将再入航迹分为助推加速段和无动力滑翔段分别优化,从而得到优化航迹。算例表明,该方法得到的航程比最大升阻比航迹增加7.3%。因此,该方法用于有动力再入航迹的优化是有效的、可行的。     

Inflatable Wing Design Parameter Optimization Using Orthogonal Testing and Support Vector Machines

The robust parameter design method is a traditional approach to robust experimental design that seeks to obtain the optimal combination of factors/levels. To overcome some of the defects of the inflatable wing parameter design method, this paper proposes an optimization design scheme based on orthogonal testing and support vector machines (SVMs). Orthogonal testing design is used to estimate the appropriate initial value and variation domain of each variable to decrease the number of iterations and improve the identification accuracy and efficiency. Orthogonal tests consisting of three factors and three levels are designed to analyze the parameters of pressure, uniform applied load and the number of chambers that affect the bending response of inflatable wings. An SVM intelligent model is established and limited orthogonal test swatches are studied. Thus, the precise relationships between each parameter and product quality features, as well the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), can be obtained. This can guide general technological design optimization.