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A computational viewpoint on the problems of design and numerical simulation for the nozzles of modern aircraft turbofan engines is presented. Modern concepts of noise-suppressing nozzles for civil aircraft are reviewed. Examples of application of CFD (computational fluid dynamics) methods to the analysis of nozzle flow structure and assessment of nozzle thrust characteristics are given. Errors of turbulence models in simulation of jets are analyzed. The authors’ experience in simulation of noise-suppressing nozzles for supersonic civil aircrafts is demonstrated. Insufficient accuracy of acoustic analogies for this class of tasks is shown, but a possible area of acoustic analogies application is noted. The essential elements of computational aeroacoustics (CAA) approach and numerical methods characteristic of CAA are reviewed. Numerical methodology for the simulation of nozzle acoustic performance is described in detail, including methods for simulation of near and far field of a nozzle, for generation of input perturbations and for the processing the far-field noise. Results of verification and methodical analysis of this acoustic methodology are presented. 相似文献
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V形槽喷管在分开式排气系统中的降噪实验 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
利用位于全消声室中的喷流噪声实验台研究了V形槽喷管在分开式排气系统中的降噪特性,比较了在剪切速度比为0.92工况下V形槽喷管的结构参数以及分布方式在冷喷流中对降噪效果的影响.结果表明:V形槽喷管降低了低频段的喷流噪声并增大高频段的喷流噪声;在喷管的下游方向有最好的低频段降噪效果,并具有最小的高频段喷流噪声增加量;增大V形槽喷管切入角可以增加低频段的降噪量,其降噪量最高为5dB;仅在外涵添加V形槽喷管可以增大低频段的降噪量并抑制高频段的喷流噪声的增加;V形槽喷管齿数的变化对降噪效果有一定的影响,但其影响远小于切入角的变化对降噪效果的影响;另外V形槽喷管可以显著地降低喷管下游方向的声压级大小. 相似文献
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分开排气式喷管喷流噪声预测及试验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为揭示涡扇发动机分开排气式喷管喷流噪声的频谱分布和指向特性,对喷管缩比模型远声场喷流噪声进行了预测及试验研究,并开展了全尺寸喷管基准型及锯齿型喷流噪声的预测工作。结果表明:采用Tam & Auriault方法可以预测出喷流噪声的声压级值和空间指向分布,喷流噪声具有明显的指向性。与基准型喷管相比,锯齿型喷管具有良好的降噪效果;内外涵锯齿型喷管在中低频段的降噪效果优于内涵锯齿型喷管,在高频段的降噪效果差于内涵锯齿型喷管;在本文研究参数范围内,指向角小于88°时内外涵锯齿型喷管总声压级(OASPL)值高于内涵锯齿型喷管。 相似文献
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利用位于全消声室中的热喷流噪声实验台对涵道比为5.5的分开式排气系统进行了吹风实验,研究了在起飞工况下吊挂的安装效应对喷流噪声和锯齿型喷管降噪效果的影响。结果表明:吊挂的安装效应改变了喷流噪声周向的频谱特性;安装效应降低了喷流噪声低频段的噪声并导致高频噪声增加;安装效应对吊挂上方位置低频段噪声降噪量最大,其最高频谱降噪量为3.7dB;带吊挂锯齿型喷管对吊挂上方喷流噪声影响较小,但是会降低吊挂下方和侧面的低频段噪声,其中对吊挂下方低频段噪声降噪量最大,频谱降噪量最大约1.3dB;锯齿型喷管对侧面位置的高频噪声影响最大;吊挂的安装效应对喷流噪声远声场总声压级指向性影响不大。 相似文献
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冠状喷口抑制涡扇发动机喷流噪声试验和数值研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以揭示发动机喷流噪声声场分布和冠状喷口抑制喷流噪声为目的,对涡扇发动机排气噪声声场和喷流流场进行了试验和数值计算,对比分析不同结构的冠状锯齿对喷流噪声的综合抑制效果。结果表明:采用大涡模拟(LES)、FW-H (Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings)声学模型和傅里叶变换的方法,可以预测出喷流噪声的空间分布和声压级值;冠状锯齿产生的阵列流向涡是强化流体间混合、降低喷流速度峰值、抑制喷流噪声的根本所在;在本文研究参数范围内,冠状锯齿结构不仅将排气喷流噪声由原型排气系统的159.6 dB降低到154.3 dB,而且冠状锯齿给喷管带来的损失控制在1.7%以内。锯齿冠状结构对分开排气式大涵道比涡扇排气系统喷流噪声有抑制作用。 相似文献
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基于射流噪声模拟试验台,对出口面积相同的圆形喷口及宽高比分别为1、1.5、2、10的矩形喷口亚声速射流的远场噪声辐射特性和噪声源分布位置进行了较为系统的研究。通过远场噪声测量,获得了不同宽高比矩形喷口在不同方位角平面的射流噪声频谱分布结果相对于圆形射流的差异,揭示了矩形射流潜在的降噪潜力。通过基于波束成形算法的传声器阵列,得到了矩形射流噪声源峰值位置随频率的变化情况,系统分析了射流速度、方位角、宽高比等参数对矩形射流噪声源分布的影响。射流速度和方位角对矩形射流噪声源分布的归一化结果影响很小,而宽高比对矩形射流噪声源分布有较大影响:随着矩形宽高比的增加,矩形射流低频段噪声源向上游偏移,高频段噪声源向下游偏移。 相似文献
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A model-scale test with single-stream nozzle exhaust geometries was carried out at the anechoic chamber of Beihang University in Beijing, China. The spectral characteristics are investigated, and the effects of the following parametric variations are reported in this paper: impact of nozzle operating conditions on spectra; impact of the presence of a plug; and effectiveness of chevron configurations for noise mitigation. The measurement shows that the change of pressure values has more impact on spectra than the change of temperature values. The spectral change due to pressure is shown at all band numbers for unheated conditions whereas it is more pronounced at high-frequency ranges for heated conditions. An impact of the presence of a plug is also clearly observed. The reduction of noise is moderate up to band number of 35, and becomes more significant at higher band numbers. It is observed that chevron nozzles are more efficient at high pressure and temperature values. It is expected that the quantified analysis will be used to develop an empirical model of single jet noise, which will be the baseline for the development of prediction of noise from turbofan engines of high bypass ratios. 相似文献
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高速列车车辆连接部位气动噪声数值模拟及降噪研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用大涡模拟与声类比相结合的方法,对高速列车车辆连接部位不同尺寸参数时的气动噪声进行了数值模拟,并提出降噪改进方案。研究得到了高速列车以300km/h速度运行时车辆连接部位的气动噪声分布,结果表明:车辆连接部位气动噪声在很宽的频带内存在,是宽频噪声;各监测点气动噪声频谱在低频时幅值较大,随着频率的增大先增大后减小,1/3倍频程A声压级主要集中在315~1000Hz频率范围内;车辆连接部位不同尺寸参数中,气动噪声声压级幅值随着凹槽长度L和高度H的增大而有所增加;采用全风挡方案较无风挡时,有效避免气流在凹槽内剧烈扰动,气动噪声显著改善,声压级平均降幅约为9.4%,总声压级平均降幅4.27dBA;研究结果为低噪高速列车的初期研制设计提供科学依据。 相似文献
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喷流噪声是航空气动噪声的主要来源,会造成严重的环境污染和健康威胁。缺乏对湍流涡如何产生 噪声辐射这一物理过程的深刻理解,是难以设计出高精度噪声预测方法和高效降噪装置的根本原因。本文总结公开发表文献中喷流噪声的声源识别与声源机理分析的研究进展和局限。从噪声由湍流脉动产生这一因果 律出发,指出未来研究仍需要对噪声和湍流脉动建立合理的物理模型和控制方程,进行合理的分离,并将噪声 脉动表示为背景湍流的广义函数,从动力学角度揭示非定常湍流涡演化产生噪声辐射的物理机理。 相似文献
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减小汽车行驶中的空气阻力,抑制行驶时的气动噪声具有十分重要的意义。汽车车身模型风洞实验表明,用内部声激励可获得有效的减阻效果,而且还能起到抑制气动噪声的效果。实验得出声激励的频率、强度、位置等参数与减阻率的关系,以及有、无声激励时模型表面压力系数分布情况,还得到了声激励对气动噪声频谱特性影响的有关规律。 相似文献
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为研究发动机进气道风扇噪声特性及声衬降噪效果,使用模态发生器提供声源,采用固定麦克风阵列和旋转扫描耙装置测量进气道内噪声信号,进而利用周向和径向模态分解方法得到声模态幅值,对影响模态分解结果的关键因素进行了研究.对周向模态在时域内进行分解,得到幅值和相位的时变特性.最后完成了2套声衬实验件降噪效果测试.结果表明:模态发... 相似文献
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Based on the acoustic mapping, a prediction model for the ground noise radiated from an in-flight helicopter is established. For the enhancement of calculation efficiency, a high-efficiency second-level acoustic radiation model capable of taking the influence of atmosphere absorption on noise into account is first developed by the combination of the point-source idea and the rotor noise radiation characteristics. The comparison between the present model and the direct computation method of noise is done and the high efficiency of the model is validated. Rotor free-wake analysis method and Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation are applied to the aerodynamics and noise prediction in the present model. Secondly, a database of noise spheres with the characteristic parameters of advance ratio and tip-path-plane angle is established by the helicopter trim model together with a parametric modeling approach. Furthermore, based on acoustic mapping, a method of rapid simulation for the ground noise radiated from an in-flight helicopter is developed. The noise footprint for AH-1 rotor is then calculated and the influence of some parameters including advance ratio and flight path angle on ground noise is deeply analyzed using the developed model. The results suggest that with the increase of advance ratio and flight path angle, the peak noise levels on the ground first increase and then decrease, in the meantime, the maximum Sound Exposure Level (SEL) noise on the ground shifts toward the advancing side of rotor. Besides, through the analysis of the effects of longitudinal forces on miss-distance and rotor Blade-Vortex Interaction (BVI) noise in descent flight, some meaningful results for reducing the BVI noise on the ground are obtained. 相似文献
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本文使用基于可穿透数据面的Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings方程(FW-Hpds)的预测方法分析了跨声速直升机悬停旋翼气动噪声的指向性。通过求解三维非定常欧拉方程计算了近场噪声,通过延迟时积分方法和求解FW-Hpds方程计算远场噪声。预测了跨声速UH-1H悬停旋翼的高速脉冲噪声(HSI),然后计算了不同观测点处的声压级,并通过声压级在不同方向上的分布分析了HSI噪声的方向性。根据本文研究发现HSI噪声在桨盘平面上最大,在转轴方向上最小,和其它研究者的结论一致。 相似文献