Development of a new high-shear and low-pressure grinding wheel and its grinding characteristics for Inconel718 alloy

Nickel-based alloy has been widely used due to its outstanding mechanical properties.However, Nickel-based alloy is a typical difficult-to-machine material, which is a great constrain for its application in the manufacturing field. To improve the surface quality of the ground workpiece, a new high-shear and low-pressure grinding wheel, with high ratio of tangential grinding force to normal grinding force, was fabricated for the grinding of selective laser melting(SLM) manufactured Inconel718 all...     

Interference and grinding characteristics in ultra-precision grinding of thin-walled complex structural component using a ball-end grinding wheel

As for ultra-precision grinding of difficult-to-process thin-walled complex components with ball-end grinding wheels, interference is easy to occur. According to screw theory and grinding kinematics, a mathematical model is established to investigate the interference and grinding characteristics of the ball-end wheel. The relationship between grinding wheel inclination angle, C axis rotation angle, grinding position angle and grinding wheel wear are analyzed. As the grinding wheel inclination angle increases, the C axis rotatable range decreases and the grinding position angle increases. The grinding position angle and wheel radius wear show a negative correlation with the C axis rotation angle. Therefore, a trajectory planning criteria for increasing grinding speed as much as possible under the premise of avoiding interference is proposed to design the grinding trajectory. Then grinding point distribution on the ball-end wheel is calculated, and the grinding characteristics, grinding speed and maximum undeformed chip thickness, are investigated. Finally, a complex structural component can be ground without interference, and surface roughness and profile accuracy are improved to 40.2 nm and 0.399 μm, compared with 556 nm and 3.427 μm before ultra-precision grinding. The mathematical model can provide theoretical guidance for the analysis of interference and grinding characteristics in complex components grinding to improve its grinding quality.     

Transient performance and intelligent combination control of a novel spray cooling loop system

Effective thermal control systems are essential for the reliable working of insulated gate bipolar transistors （IGBTs） in many applications. A novel spray cooling loop system with integrated sintered porous copper wick （SCLS-SPC） is proposed to meet the requirements of higher device level heat fluxes and the harsh environments in some applications such as hybrid, fuel cell vehicles and aerospace. Fuzzy logic and proportional-integral-derivative （PID） policies are applied to adjust the electronic temperature within a safe working range. To evaluate the thermal control effect, a mathematical model of a 4-node thermal network and pump are established for predicting the dynamics of the SCLS-SPC. Moreover, the transient response of the 4 nodes and vapor mass flowrate under no control, PID and Fuzzy-PID are numerically investigated and discussed in detail.     

Modeling and experiment of grinding wheel axial profiles based on gear hobs

Hobbing is one of the crucial gear manufacturing processes with high precision and high efficiency. In order to improve the accuracy of hobbing and hob relief grinding, more precise grinding wheels are demanded for relief grinding in the production of gear hobs. In this paper, a new and accurate mathematical method for calculating the axial profile of grinding wheel based on the corresponding gear hob to be ground is proposed. Considering that most researches have been conducted to focus on the optimization of hob geometric feature and only can be applied to a specific type of hand of helix and rake angle of gear hobs. The method in this paper can be served as a general algorithm for generating axial profile of grinding wheels on the basis of the spatial envelope theory, the principle of coordinate system transformation, and studies on normal profile of single-tooth. The accuracy of grinding hobs is based on applying the approach in practical manufacturing. Taking two typical different kinds of pre-grinding gear hobs as examples for calculation and experiment, the results of tooth profile errors strengthen the position that the validity and feasibility of this method, it can be employed for gear hob design and grinding processing.     

气膜出流条件下回转通道流动特性的实验研究

采用实验方法研究气膜出流条件下带肋回转通道流动特性,其中回转通道为带90°直肋变截面通道。根据研究问题的特点,利用单元分析方法,定义了壁面有效压力及单元有效压力系数。结果表明:通道出口段存在气膜出流与无气膜出流情况相比出口段有效压力分布发生变化,并且使整个通道的流阻下降。影响流动的主要因素是通道的阻塞比、长径比、宽高比、气膜出流比和进口雷诺数。     

气膜出流条件下回转通道换热特性实验研究

为了研究气膜出流对回转通道的影响,将回转通道的一个壁面在出口通道上开气膜出流孔,其中回转通道为带有90°直肋的变截面通道。并且将通道分成若干特征单元进行结果分析。结果表明:气膜出流加强了带气膜出流孔壁面的换热,减弱了相对的无气膜出流孔壁面的换热。而且对于整个单元而言,存在最佳的出流流量比使单元的整体换热效果最好。     

突片作用下气膜冷却效率的试验研究

为了研究突片对气膜冷却的影响规律, 设计了3种不同堵塞比的等边三角形突片, 并对其对气膜冷却特性的影响规律进行了实验研究.研究结果表明, 与无突片的气膜冷却相比, 突片的存在提高了气膜冷却效果;冷却效率随吹风比的增加而增大, 且沿气流方向冷却效率存在一极大值;当吹风比M<1.5时, 冷却效率随吹风比的增加而增大;当M>1.5时, 冷却效率随吹风比的增加而减小.      

Radiative and hybrid cooling of infrared space telescopes

The designs of cold space telescopes, cryogenic and radiatively cooled, are similar in most elements and both benefit from orbits distant from the Earth. In particular such orbits allow the anti-sunward side of radiatively-cooled spacecraft to be used to provide large cooling radiators for the individual radiation shields. Designs incorporating these features have predictedT _tel near 20 K. The attainability of such temperatures is supported by limited practical experience (IRAS, COBE). Supplementary cooling systems (cryogens, mechanical coolers) can be advantageously combined with radiative cooling in hybrid designs to provide robustness against deterioration and yet lower temperatures for detectors, instruments, and even the whole telescope. The possibility of such major additional gains is illustrated by the Very Cold Telescope option under study forEdison, which should offerT _tel5 K for a little extra mechanical cooling capacity.     

梯形突片气膜冷却特性的实验

为了研究突片对气膜冷却的影响规律,设计了3种不同堵塞比的梯形突片,采用红外摄像仪对不同形状突片冷却结构的壁面温度场进行了测试,并对气膜冷却特性的影响规律进行了实验研究.研究结果表明,与无突片的气膜冷却相比,突片的存在大大提高了气膜冷却效率和对流换热系数;冷却效率沿气流方向存在一个最佳吹风比值;对流换热系数在本实验范围内,堵塞比为0.214时气膜冷却对流换热系数最大.      

横向槽结构对气膜冷却效果影响的数值研究

基于有限体积法对三维定常不可压缩N-S方程进行离散,采用两层k-ε湍流模型,在吹风比M为0.6,1.2和1.8的情况下,数值研究了6种不同横向槽结构对气膜冷却效果的影响,并与常规圆柱孔进行了比较。结果表明:在任何吹风比下,所有开槽孔的冷却效率均高于圆柱孔;在低吹风比时,6种开槽孔的冷却效率相差不大,随着吹风比的增大,不同开槽孔冷却效率的变化趋势不尽相同;具有中等开槽深度(0.75D)和最大开槽宽度(3D)的开槽孔,气膜冷却效果最佳,而具有最大开槽深度(1D)的开槽孔,气膜冷却效果较差;横向槽的存在使冷气射流在流出气膜后面积突扩,动量降低,气膜出流向主流的垂直穿透能力随之降低,射流本身流动的扩散以及射流在流入横向槽中受到主流对其向下的压制作用较大,反向涡旋对的强度不同程度地受到了抑制,增强了壁面的冷却效果。     

气膜孔布局对前缘气膜冷却效率影响的实验

针对叶片前缘结构的特点,建立了前缘气膜冷却实验台,实验模型由半圆柱面和两个平板组成,在距离滞止线2倍气膜孔直径距离位置布置了1排气膜孔。主流在前缘的湍流度为8%,二次流和主流密度比为1.5,动量比变化范围为0.5~4,分析了在不同动量比下气膜孔间距和径向角变化对径向平均气膜冷却效率的影响。径向角分别为0,°45,°65,°孔间距与孔径的比分别为2,3,4。研究结果表明,随着孔间距的增加,径向平均冷却效率逐渐降低。径向角对径向平均冷却效率的影响非常复杂。     

冷却结构塞式喷管红外特性抑制试验技术研究

利用涡扇发动机喷管红外辐射特征模拟试验台,对二元塞式喷管的红外辐射特征进行试验研究,得到塞锥冷却对二元塞式喷管红外辐射特性的影响规律,并与轴对称收扩喷管(基准喷管)进行了对比。试验结果表明:在探测角0°方向上,相比基准喷管,二元塞式喷管在不采取冷却措施时红外特征降低了12.1%,冷气流量为1.0%总流量时红外辐射强度降低了40.8%,冷气流量为2.8%总流量时红外辐射强度降低了51.2%。     

内通道交错横流对气膜冷却效率的影响

采用数值模拟研究了内通道横流对气膜流动和冷却特性的影响,参数变化范围:横流比Cr=0.39,0.78;吹风比Br=1,2;气膜孔长径比l/d=4,8.计算结果表明:①内通道冷气横流使得气膜孔内气流产生较强的涡旋,使得冷气射流的流动具有明显的非对称特征,引起表面气膜冷却效率分布不均;②横流比对表面气膜冷却效率分布影响较大,横流比越大,气膜孔内涡旋越强烈,气膜冷却效率分布越不均匀;③长径比较大时,气膜孔内气流较为规整,气膜覆盖区域较为狭小,气膜冷却效率分布更加不均;吹风比较大时,射流在主流通道上的附着较差,气膜冷却效率较低.      

Design and experimental study of a new flapping wing rotor micro aerial vehicle

A three-wing Flapping Wing Rotor Micro Aerial Vehicle(FWR-MAV) which can perform controlled flight is introduced and an experimental study on this vehicle is presented. A mechanically driven flapping rotary mechanism is designed to drive the three flapping wings and generate lift, and control mechanisms are designed to control the pose of the FWR-MAV. A flight control board for attitude control with robust onboard attitude estimation and a control algorithm is also developed to perform stable ho...     

致密孔阵气膜冷却绝热温比和对流换热系数的数值研究

采用数值模拟方法研究了气膜孔叉排方式下孔间距和吹风比对致密孔阵气膜冷却绝热温比和对流换热系数的影响.结果表明:减小相邻孔间距与孔径比或增加吹风比,平均壁面温度就越低,且温度分布更为均匀,绝热温比提高,热侧壁面平均换热系数也随之增大;相对于增加气膜孔阵的密集程度而言,吹风比的增加所带来的绝热温比改善和对流换热系数增加幅度略有减弱.特别是当吹风比大于1以后,吹风比的影响程度比较微弱.      

Feasibility study of creep feed grinding of 300M steel with zirconium corundum wheel

The ultrahigh strength 300M steel has been commonly used in the manufacture of aircraft landing gear and rotor shaft parts due to its excellent mechanical properties. Creep feed grinding is one of the essential operations during the whole component manufacturing processes. In this work, the feasibility of creep feed grinding of 300M steel by using the hard zirconium corundum wheel was theoretically and experimentally evaluated. A variety of responses including grinding forces, temperature fields...     

Thick exchange layer evaporation model with natural convection effect and evaporation experimental study for multicomponent droplet

In order to investigate the high-temperature evaporation characteristics of multicomponent liquid fuel, three kinds of blended fuel: n-heptane/n-decane/RP-3 aviation kerosene-ethanol were experimentally studied with and without forced convection. Further, based on zerodiffusion and infinite diffusion concept, this study expanded Thick Exchange Layer evaporation model with Natural Convection effect(NC-TEL) to multicomponent liquid fuels. The experimental results show that the droplet evaporation ...     

基于热驱动理论的新型冷却技术换热效果实验和比较

新型超级冷却技术(NSCT)是一种基于热驱动理论的新型冷却技术,针对该技术的平均换热特性进行了实验研究,结果表明:随着浮力数Bu、旋转雷诺数Reω、进口冷气雷诺数Rez的不断增大,旋转条件下新型超级冷却技术的平均换热效果逐渐增强.将新型冷却技术与常规两种涡轮叶片冷却方式-肋强化冷却和冲击冷却的平均换热效果进行比较,得出结论:在实验范围内,新型超级冷却技术比另外两种冷却方式具有更优的换热效果.     

Isothermal study of effusion cooling flows using a large eddy simulation approach

An isothermal numerical study of effusion cooling flow is conducted using a large eddy simulation(LES) approach.Two main types of cooling are considered,namely tangential film cooling and oblique patch effusion cooling.To represent tangential film cooling,a simplified model of a plane turbulent wall jet along a flat plate in quiescent surrounding fluid is considered.In contrast to a classic turbulent boundary layer flow,the plane turbulent wall jet possesses an outer free shear flow region,an inner near wall region and an interaction region,characterised by substantial levels of turbulent shear stress transport.These shear stress characteristics hold significant implications for RANS modelling,implications that also apply to more complex tangential film cooling flows with non-zero free stream velocities.The LES technique used in the current study provides a satisfactory overall prediction of the plane turbulent wall jet flow,including the initial transition region,and the characteristic separation of the zero turbulent shear stress and zero shear strain locations.Oblique effusion patch cooling is modelled using a staggered array of 12 rows of effusion holes,drilled at 30° to the flat plate surface.The effusion holes connect two channels separated by the flat plate.Specifically,these comprise of a channel representing the combustion chamber flow and a cooling air supply channel.A difference in pressure between the two channels forces air from the cooling supply side,through the effusion holes,and into the combustion chamber side.Air from successive effusion rows coalesces to form an aerodynamic film between the combustion chamber main flow and the flat plate.In practical applications,this film is used to separate the hot combustion gases from the combustion chamber liner.The numerical model is shown to be capable of accurately predicting the injection,penetration,downstream decay,and coalescence of the effusion jets.In addition,the numerical model captures entrainment of the combustion chamber mainstream flow towards the wall by the presence of the effusion jets.Two contra-rotating vortices,with axes of rotation along the stream-wise direction,are predicted as a result of this entrainment.The presence and characteristics of these vortices are in good agreement with previous published research.      

液氮抽真空制冷的理论及试验

在考虑液氮总质量变化、储罐罐体热容的前提下,基于化学势温差,传热系数和传质系数等参数,详细建立了液氮降压制备过冷液氮的数学模型。理论计算的液氮温度及质量变化和制取过冷液氮试验值吻合较好,结果表明:该数学模型能准确描述液氮相变过程,且获得了液氮抽真空制冷中相变传热的化学势温差为1.21 K、传热系数为2 942.37 W/(m2·K)及传质系数为0.004 4 m/s。