自适应严格收敛非奇异终端滑模制导律

针对机动目标的末制导拦截问题，设计了一种带终端角度约束的有限时间收敛终端滑模制导律。首先，分析了现有非奇异终端滑模制导律存在的滑模面不能严格有限时间收敛的问题，进而构造了一种新型的非奇异终端滑模面。其次，设计了一种对目标机动上界的自适应估计，提出了一种自适应严格收敛非奇异终端滑模制导律的设计方法。最后，基于Lyapunov稳定性理论，证明了设计的制导律能够使得制导系统在有限时间内收敛到零，并且保证了滑模面在收敛过程中不存在非收敛因子，是严格有限时间收敛的。仿真实验验证了该制导律能够有效地拦截机动目标，同时和与现有的非奇异终端滑模制导律以及基于转换滑模面的非奇异制导律相比，拦截时间更短，终端攻击角度精度更高，导弹机动消耗的能量更少。     

基于终端角度约束的滑模制导律设计

针对打击地面目标的制导问题,提出了一种新的具有终端角度约束的鲁棒滑模制导律。在建立地面目标和导弹的相对运动学关系的基础上,基于零化弹目视线角速率的思想,采用变结构控制理论的方法,通过选择理想的终端角度确定一个光滑的非线性滑动模态,代替传统末制导律设计的滑动模态,利用Lyapunov稳定理论设计得到了具有鲁棒性的滑模末制导律,实现了在有限时间精确打击目标,满足终端角度的要求。数字仿真表明,这种制导律对目标的运动具有很好的鲁棒性和适应性,并能获得良好的制导精度和指定的终端角度要求。     

考虑落角约束的制导炸弹有限时间控制制导律

为了提高制导炸弹对目标的毁伤能力,更加有效地约束终端落角,利用终端滑模变结构控制理论和有限时间收敛性理论,在选取自适应趋近律和建立弹目相对运动模型的基础上,提出了一种考虑落角约束的制导炸弹有限时间控制制导律。然后,利用Lyapunov理论证明了所选取的滑模面和趋近律是有限时间收敛的。通过仿真实验验证了所提算法的有效性。仿真结果表明:与比例制导律相比,所提制导律既能使制导炸弹在有限时间内收敛到所期望的入射约束角附近,又能使炸弹的视线角及其角速度收敛的更快,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

Three-dimensional time-varying sliding mode guidance law against maneuvering targets with terminal angle constraint

This paper deals with the problem of intercepting maneuvering targets with terminal angle constraints for missiles subjected to three-dimensional non-decoupling engagement geometry.To achieve the finite-time interception and satisfactory overload characteristics, a time varying sliding mode control methodology is developed based on a time base generator function. The main feature of the proposed guidance law guarantees the Line-of-Sight(LOS) angles to converge to small neighborhoods of the desir...     

考虑驾驶仪动态特性的固定时间收敛制导律

针对打击机动目标的制导问题,设计了一种同时考虑攻击角度约束、自动驾驶仪动态特性和固定时间收敛的新型制导律。首先,基于非奇异终端滑模控制和固定时间稳定性理论,采用反步递推方法设计制导律。在制导律设计过程中,设计了一种固定时间收敛的非奇异终端滑模面,基于固定时间控制和滑模控制,设计虚拟控制律,构造一种非线性一阶滤波器解决传统反步设计中的"微分膨胀"问题。基于超螺旋算法和固定时间稳定性理论,设计了一种固定时间收敛的滑模干扰观测器,用于估计目标机动等干扰。然后,基于Lyapunov稳定性理论,对制导律的固定时间稳定性进行了证明,并给出了收敛时间的表达式。最后,通过仿真分析,验证了所提制导律的有效性,和现有制导律相比,所提制导律具有较高的制导精度和角度约束精度、较快的系统收敛速度以及较少的能量消耗。     

Three-dimensional adaptive finite-time guidance law for intercepting maneuvering targets

To intercept maneuvering targets at desired impact angles, a three-dimensional terminal guidance problem is investigated in this study. Because of a short terminal guidance time, a finitetime impact angle control guidance law is developed using the fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode control theory. However, the guidance law requires the upper bound of lumped uncertainty including target acceleration, which may not be accurately obtained. Therefore, by adopting a novel reaching law, an adaptive sliding mode guidance law is provided to release the drawback. At the same time, this method can accelerate the convergence rate and weaken the chattering phenomenon to a certain extent. In addition, another novel adaptive guidance law is also derived; this ensures systems asymptotic and finite-time stability without the knowledge of perturbations bounds.Numerical simulations have demonstrated that all the three guidance laws have effective performances and outperform the traditional terminal guidance laws.     

Approach and landing guidance design for reusable launch vehicle using multiple sliding surfaces technique

An autonomous approach and landing (A&L) guidance law is presented in this paper for landing an unpowered reusable launch vehicle (RLV) at the designated runway touchdown.Considering the full nonlinear point-mass dynamics,a guidance scheme is developed in threedimensional space.In order to guarantee a successful A&L movement,the multiple sliding surfaces guidance (MSSG) technique is applied to derive the closed-loop guidance law,which stems from higher order sliding mode control theory and has advantage in the finite time reaching property.The global stability of the proposed guidance approach is proved by the Lyapunov-based method.The designed guidance law can generate new trajectories on-line without any specific requirement on off-line analysis except for the information on the boundary conditions of the A&L phase and instantaneous states of the RLV.Therefore,the designed guidance law is flexible enough to target different touchdown points on the runway and is capable of dealing with large initial condition errors resulted from the previous flight phase.Finally,simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed guidance law in different scenarios.     

基于偏置比例导引的垂直攻击滑模制导律

为了提高空地导弹毁伤效果,需要对地面固定目标采用大角度乃至垂直打击方式。针对这一需求,设计了一种基于偏置比例导引的垂直攻击滑模制导律。首先在传统的比例导引制导律的基础上增加了一个角度约束偏置项,并结合滑模变结构理论使其滑模变结构化。然后运用自适应滑模趋近律,并采用准滑动模态控制削弱了抖振的影响。仿真结果表明:此制导律控制落角能力较强,同时具有较高的命中精度。整个攻击过程中的弹目视线角速度变化较小,最后以垂直落角攻击目标。     

An adaptive fast fixed-time guidance law with an impact angle constraint for intercepting maneuvering targets

Sliding mode guidance laws based on a conventional terminal sliding mode guarantees only finite-time convergence, which verifies that the settling time is required to be estimated by selecting appropriate initial launched conditions. However, rapid convergence to a desired impact angle within a uniform bounded finite time is important in most practical guidance applications. A uniformly finite-time/fixed-time convergent guidance law means that the convergence (settling) time is predefined independently on initial conditions, that is, a closed-loop convergence time can be estimated a priori by guidance parameters. In this paper, a novel adaptive fast fixed-time sliding mode guidance law to intercept maneuver targets at a desired impact angle from any initial heading angle, with no problems of singularity and chattering, is designed. The proposed guidance law achieves system stabilization within bounded settling time independent on initial conditions and achieves more rapid convergence than those of fixed-time stable control methods by accelerating the convergence rate when the system is close to the origin. The achieved acceleration-magnitude constraints are rigorously enforced, and the chattering-free property is guaranteed by adaptive switching gains. Extensive numerical simulations are presented to validate the efficiency and superiority of the proposed guidance law for different initial engagement geometries and impact angles.     

Three-dimensional guidance law based on adaptive integral sliding mode control

For the terminal guidance problem of missiles intercepting maneuvering targets in the three-dimensional space, the design of guidance laws for non-decoupling three-dimensional engage-ment geometry is studied. Firstly, by introducing a finite time integral sliding mode manifold, a novel guidance law based on the integral sliding mode control is presented with the target acceler-ation as a known bounded external disturbance. Then, an improved adaptive guidance law based on the integral sliding mode control without the information of the upper bound on the target accel-eration is developed, where the upper bound of the target acceleration is estimated online by a designed adaptive law. The both presented guidance laws can make sure that the elevation angular rate of the line-of-sight and the azimuth angular rate of the line-of-sight converge to zero in finite time. In the end, the results of the guidance performance for the proposed guidance laws are pre-sented by numerical simulations. Although the designed guidance laws are developed for the con-stant speed missiles, the simulation results for the time-varying speed missiles are also shown to further confirm the designed guidance laws.     

三维自适应终端滑模协同制导律

针对多枚导弹协同作战的问题,且多枚导弹之间保持有向拓扑通信的条件下,基于终端滑模法设计了视线方向及视线法向的双层协同制导律。其中,视线方向的制导指令能够保证导弹同时完成拦截任务;视线法向上的三维制导律能够保证每枚导弹以期望的视线角攻击目标,从而发挥各枚导弹的最大杀伤力,并且视线角的约束相当于规划了末制导段导弹的弹道问题,在一定程度上避免攻击目标前导弹间发生碰撞。同时,针对所设计的滑模制导律设计了新的自适应律,从而加快了滑模面的收敛速度并且削弱了由符号函数引起的系统抖振现象。基于李雅普诺夫稳定性理论,证明了所设计制导律的正确性,并在最后给出了数学仿真实验,验证了所设计制导律的有效性及优越性。     

基于零化相对速度偏角的变结构末制导律设计

针对拦截问题,选取导弹和目标的相对速度矢量与导弹—目标视线之间的夹角（即相对速度偏角）作为滑模面,无须对导弹—目标相对运动学方程进行归一化,且不对弹目速度比进行限制,将有关目标运动的加速度和方位信息视为干扰量,应用变结构理论设计了一种变结构末制导律,并应用Lyapunov理论进行了稳定性分析。仿真结果表明,所设计的导引律对目标机动具有很强的鲁棒性。     

一种基于滑模非奇异的反舰导弹导引律的设计与仿真

提出了一种反舰导弹滑模非奇异导引律。根据反舰导弹弹道的运动学分析方法,建立了弹目相对运动的数学模型。在非奇异理论的基础上,推导出具有带落角约束的滑模非奇异导引律。通过仿真,表明了该导引律能同时满足脱靶和落角的性能指标,具有优良的鲁棒性,脱靶量更小,精度更高。相比传统的比例导引律,具有更强的实用性和有效性。     

具有碰撞角约束的三维圆轨迹制导律

 针对再入飞行器带碰撞角约束的导引问题,设计了一种新型三维(3D)制导律。改进并扩展了圆轨迹导引算法,定义了2个圆轨迹跟踪误差变量。通过对导引任务的分析,提出闭环修正导引方法。在此基础上,对再入飞行器制导过程的动力学方程进行解析推导,设计出能适应再入飞行器速度大小变化的三维闭环圆轨迹制导律(3CCGL)。数学仿真结果表明:此制导律能导引再入飞行器沿终端约束方向精确命中目标;同已有算法相比,该制导算法优势明显,其导引的飞行路径短,终端碰撞速度大,并能实现大角度转向攻击,大幅提高再入飞行器的末段机动能力。     

越肩发射反导拦截弹复合制导律研究

研究了优化反导拦截弹的越肩发射制导律,实现了对尾追目标的拦截,采用伪谱法和滑膜变结构理论设计了全弹道复合制导规律。利用Radau伪谱法求解以转弯时间最优为指标泛函的最佳转弯规律,通过曲线拟合给出了初制导转弯段的过载指令。选择零控脱靶量作为滑动模态对末制导律进行设计;利用这两种制导律的加速度指令构造了交接班导引律实现弹道的平滑。最后,对载机越肩发射反导拦截弹拦截来袭导弹的反导场景进行了数字仿真,结果表明所设计的复合制导律能够完成反导拦截任务。     

滚转舰炮制导炮弹的空间多约束导引与控制一体化设计

在大口径舰炮制导炮弹打击近岸机动目标的末段,考虑攻击角、控制受限、视线（LOS）角速率测量受限等约束,提出了一种基于块动态面与扩张状态观测器（BDSESO）的多约束空间导引与控制一体化设计（IGC）方法。构建了滚转制导炮弹的空间导引与控制一体化的严块反馈串级模型,运用扩张状态观测器估计视线角速率和目标机动、建模误差、风等系统内外不确定干扰。为了在有限时间内零化视线角跟踪误差与视线角速率,采用自适应指数趋近律设计非奇异终端滑模,通过自适应动态面控制有效镇定串级系统并避免微分膨胀,引入自适应Nussbaum增益函数补偿控制受限的饱和非线性。通过Lyapunov理论证明了视线角跟踪误差、视线角速率的有限时间收敛性与全系统状态的一致最终有界性。半实物仿真实验表明：该方法使制导炮弹在打击具有不同机动形式的目标时,均具备较好的末制导性能。     

大配平角起始条件下的非线性末制导律研究

针对大配平角误差起始条件下导弹捕获高机动性目标问题，分析了一解非线性末制导运动，得到了稳定性充要条件，基于滑模态控制技术，综合了一种新型的梆－梆末制导律，它是一般非线性末制导运动方程的通解，相对于线性二次型解具有明显的优点：不需目标加速度和剩余时间信息；能够在各种起始大配平角误差条件下收敛。最后给出的仿真算例证明了理论分析的正确性和该制导律的实用价值。     

带落角约束的末端机动Terminal滑模导引律设计

为了提高反舰导弹的突防概率,有效规避敌方舰空导弹的拦截,并且实现反舰导弹按预定方向精确打击目标的战术要求,首先,基于弹目之间的三维相对运动模型,应用Terminal滑模控制理论,设计了一种带有落角约束的变结构导引律;然后,通过叠加虚拟干扰的方法,在原来导引律基础上叠加了一虚拟干扰,此虚拟干扰不影响导引律的渐进稳定性,不...     

基于滑模控制的剖面跟踪制导律

针对高超声速飞行器滑翔段的高精度制导问题，考虑复杂多约束条件以及干扰和不确定因素的影响，设计了一种基于全局积分滑模控制的剖面跟踪制导方法。首先，将多重约束转化为阻力加速度-速度（D-V）平面内的再入走廊；然后，以终端精度和总吸热量为性能指标，采用分段函数的形式优化设计出一条标准D-V剖面；再基于简化的动力学模型，推导得到关于阻力加速度微分和速度的二阶非线性模型；最后，基于滑模控制理论，设计全局积分滑模面和指数趋近律，获得控制量幅值大小，并结合侧向方位误差走廊确定控制量符号，从而实现对标准剖面的有效跟踪。采用CAV-H滑翔再入模型进行数值仿真，分析验证了提出的基于滑模控制的剖面跟踪制导律具有较好的跟踪性能和精度。     

Saturated super-twisting sliding mode missile guidance

This paper concentrates on developing a missile terminal guidance law against a highly maneuvering target whose maneuvering acceleration is very close to that of the missile or even exceeds the missile normal acceleration in a finite period of time. A new saturated super-twisting algorithm is proposed and applied to the design of missile guidance law. The proposed algorithm has the advantages of simple structure, easy parameter tuning rules and a full utilization of the limit control input. The designed saturated super-twisting sliding mode guidance law is then employed in a missile guidance system. Simulation and its superior performance against strong maneuvering targets is demonstrated.