共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
David Elbaz 《Space Science Reviews》2005,119(1-4):93-119
We present the results obtained through the various ISO extragalactic deep surveys. Although IRAS revealed the existence of
galaxies forming stars at a rate of a few tens (LIRGs) or even hundreds (ULIRGs) solar masses in the local universe, ISO not
only discovered that these galaxies were already in place at redshift one, but also that they are not the extreme objects
that we once believed them to be. Instead they appear to play a dominant role in shaping present-day galaxies as reflected
by their role in the cosmic history of star formation and in producing the cosmic infrared background detected by the COBE
satellite in the far infrared to sub-millimeter range.
Based on observations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries:
France, Germany, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom), and with the participation of ISAS and NASA. 相似文献
2.
The European Large Area ISO Survey (ELAIS) was the largest Open Time survey on the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO). It was
designed to explore obscured galaxies and hence quantify the recent star-formation history of the Universe. The final reanalysis
of the data has been completed and a band-merged catalogue with associations across many wavelengths compiled and released
the data to the global astronomical community (http://astro.imperial.ac.uk/Elais/). This paper summarises some of the key
results.
Based on observations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries:
France, Germany, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom), and with the participation of ISAS and NASA. 相似文献
3.
One of the big surprises of the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) has been discovery of crystalline silicates outside our own
Solar system. It was generally assumed before that all cosmic silicates in space were of amorphous structure. Thanks to ISO
we know now that crystalline silicates are ubiquitous in the Galaxy (except for the diffuse ISM) and sometimes even in very
large quantities (> 50% of the small dust particles). The evolution of the crystalline silicates is still not completely clarified,
but the combination of theoretical modeling and observations have already shed light on their life-cycle. The absence of crystalline
silicates in the diffuse ISM provides us with information about the dust amorphization rate in the ISM. 相似文献
4.
Emilie Habart Malcolm Walmsley Laurent Verstraete Stephanie Cazaux Roberto Maiolino Pierre Cox Francois Boulanger Guillaume Pineau Des Forêts 《Space Science Reviews》2005,119(1-4):71-91
Observations of H2 line emission in galactic and extragalactic environments obtained with the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) are reviewed.
The diagnostic capability of H2 observations is illustrated. We discuss what one has learned about such diverse astrophysical sources as photon-dominated
regions, shocks, young stellar objects, planetary nebulae and starburst galaxies from ISO observations of H2 emission. In this context, we emphasise use of measured H2 line intensities to infer important physical quantities such as the gas temperature, gas density and radiation field and
we discuss the different possible excitation mechanisms of H2. We also briefly consider future prospects for observation of H2 from space and from the ground.
Based on observations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries:
France, Germany, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom), and with the participation of ISAS and NASA. 相似文献
5.
Dario Lorenzetti 《Space Science Reviews》2005,119(1-4):181-199
Observations of pre-main sequence objects (T Tauri, Herbig Ae/Be and FU Orionis stars) obtained with the instrumentation on
board the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) are reviewed. All the observations have been mainly carried out by using the two
spectrographs SWS and LWS, adopting their low resolution modes and such data have been used both for lines detection and to
reconstruct the spectral energy distributions. Line emission and photometric behaviour of pre-main sequence objects have been
analyzed in the framework of the current models, discussing the agreement (or disagreement) with them and trying to derive
the questions which should be answered by the forthcoming FIR instrumentation.
Based on observations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries:
France, Germany, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom), and with the participation of ISAS and NASA. 相似文献
6.
Brunella Nisini Anlaug Amanda Kaas Ewine F. Van Dishoeck Derek Ward-Thompson 《Space Science Reviews》2005,119(1-4):159-179
We summarize the observations of the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) concerning the earliest stages of the stellar formation.
The observations of samples of sources in different evolutionary stages are reviewed, addressing in particular how the physical
and chemical properties of the protostellar environments change from the pre-stellar cores to the protostars at the end of
their accretion phase. In addition, the mid-IR surveys in nearby star-forming regions are discussed, showing their implications
for the understanding of the stellar initial mass function.
Based on observations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries:
France, Germany, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom), and with the participation of ISAS and NASA. 相似文献
7.
Emmanuel Dartois 《Space Science Reviews》2005,119(1-4):293-310
The instruments on board the Infrared Space Observatory have for the first time allowed a complete low (PHOT, CVF) to medium
resolution (SWS) spectroscopic harvest, from 2.5 to 45 μm, of interstellar dust. Amongst the detected solids present in starless
molecular clouds surrounding recently born stellar and still embedded objects or products of the chemistry in some mass loss
envelopes, the so-called “ice mantles” are of specific interest. They represent an interface between the very refractory carbonaceous
and silicates materials that built the first grains with the rich chemistry taking place in the gas phase. Molecules condense,
react on ices, are subjected to UV and cosmic ray irradiation at low temperatures, participating efficiently to the evolution
toward more complex molecules, being in constant interaction in an ice layer. They also play an important role in the radiative
transfer of molecular clouds and strongly affect the gas phase chemistry. ISO results shed light on many other species than
H2O ice. The detection of these van der Waal's solids is mainly performed in absorption. Each ice feature observed by ISO spectrometer
is an important species, with abundance in the 10−4–10−7 range with respect to H2. Such high abundances represent a substantial reservoir of matter that, once released later on, replenishes the gas phase
and feeds the ladder of molecular complexity. Medium resolution spectroscopy also offers the opportunity to look at individual
line profiles of the ice features, and therefore to progressively reveal the interactions taking place in the mantles.
This article will give a view on selected results to avoid to overlap with the numerous reviews the reader is invited to consult
(e.g. van Dishoeck, in press; Gibb et al., 2004.).
Based on observations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries:
France, Germany, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom), and with the participation of ISAS and NASA. 相似文献
8.
Aprajita Verma Vassilis Charmandaris Ulrich Klaas Dieter Lutz Martin Haas 《Space Science Reviews》2005,119(1-4):355-407
Some of the most ‘active’ galaxies in the Universe are obscured by large quantities of dust and emit a substantial fraction
of their bolometric luminosity in the infrared. Observations of these infrared luminous galaxies with the Infrared Space Observatory
(ISO) have provided a relatively unabsorbed view to the sources fuelling this active emission. The improved sensitivity, spatial
resolution and spectroscopic capability of ISO over its predecessor Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) of enabled significant
advances in the understanding of the infrared properties of active galaxies. ISO surveyed a wide range of active galaxies
which, in the context of this review, includes those powered by intense bursts of star formation as well as those containing
a dominant active galactic nucleus (AGN). Mid-infrared imaging resolved for the first time the dust enshrouded nuclei in many
nearby galaxies, while a new era in infrared spectroscopy was opened by probing a wealth of atomic, ionic and molecular lines
as well as broad band features in the mid- and far-infrared. This was particularly useful, since it resulted in the understanding
of the power production, excitation and fuelling mechanisms in the nuclei of active galaxies including the intriguing but
so far elusive ultraluminous infrared galaxies. Detailed studies of various classes of AGN and quasars greatly improved our
understanding of the unification scenario. Far-infrared imaging and photometry revealed the presence of a new very cold dust
component in galaxies and furthered our knowledge of the far-infrared properties of faint starbursts, ULIGs and quasars. We
summarise almost nine years of key results based on ISO data spanning the full range of luminosity and type of active galaxies. 相似文献
9.
Marie Jourdain De Muizon 《Space Science Reviews》2005,119(1-4):201-214
Debris discs around stars were first discovered by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) in 1983. For the first time
material orbiting another star than the Sun, but distinct from a circumstellar envelope, was observed through its far infrared
emission. This major discovery motivated astronomers to investigate those discs by further analyzing the IRAS data, using
ground-based telescopes for the hunting of exoplanets, developing several projects using the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO),
and now exploiting the ISO Data Archive (IDA). This review presents the main ISO results, statistical as well as individual,
on debris discs in orbit around pre-main-sequence and main-sequence stars.
Based on observations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries:
France, Germany, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom), and with the participation of ISAS and NASA. 相似文献
10.
Alain Abergel Laurent Verstraete Christine Joblin René Laureijs Marc-Antoine Miville-Deschênes 《Space Science Reviews》2005,119(1-4):247-271
Infrared spectroscopy and photometry with ISO covering most of the emission range of the interstellar medium has led to important
progress in the understanding of the physics and chemistry of the gas, the nature and evolution of the dust grains and also
the coupling between the gas and the grains. We review here the ISO results on the cool and low-excitation regions of the
interstellar medium, where T
gas≲ 500 K, n
H∼ 100–105 cm−3 and the electron density is a few 10−4.
JEL codes: D24, L60, 047
Based on observations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries:
France, Germany, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom), and with the participation of ISAS and NASA. 相似文献
11.
本文主要介绍ISO/IEC
170251999的由来,及其与ISO9001、ISO9002的关系;ISO/IEC 17025的组成和构架以及与ISO/IEC导则25的对照、比较和分析。以帮助读者了解ISO/IEC
170251999与导则25的异同,从而有助于推进ISO/IEC 17025的实施。 相似文献
12.
13.
潘跃晨 《中国民航学院学报》2008,26(3):39-42
运用管理学职能基本理论,在对民航安全体系、民航安全管理体系、ICAO定义的民航安全管理体系(SMS)、及ISO颁发的9001质量标准进行辨析的基础上,针对民航业是一个高投入、高风险、国际化的行业,提出建立基于ICAO倡导的SMS和贯彻ISO颁发的QMS两个体系并用的民航安全管理综合体系,是中国现阶段建立民航安全体系的理性选择。 相似文献
14.
火灾下建筑钢结构的温度场模拟分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用有限元分析软件ANSYS,建立了某商场火灾下钢结构温度场模型,模拟了其在实际火场下和ISO834标准升温曲线作用下的温度场分布,将真实火场下商场钢结构的温度场分布与ISO834标准升温曲线作用下的商场钢结构温度场分布进行了对比分析,分析结果表明:ISO834标准升温曲线作用下的商场钢结构温度场分布与真实火场下商场钢结构的温度场分布差别较大,不能完全反应真实火场下诸如商场之类的大空间结构建筑的钢结构抗火反应. 相似文献
15.
Joris A. D. L. Blommaert Jan Cami Ryszard Szczerba Michael J. Barlow 《Space Science Reviews》2005,119(1-4):215-243
A large fraction of ISO observing time was used to study the late stages of stellar evolution. Many molecular and solid state
features, including crystalline silicates and the rotational lines of water vapour, were detected for the first time in the
spectra of (post-)Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars. Their analysis has greatly improved our knowledge of stellar atmospheres
and circumstellar environments. A surprising number of objects, particularly young planetary nebulae with Wolf-Rayet (WR)
central stars, were found to exhibit emission features in their ISO spectra that are characteristic of both oxygen-rich and
carbon-rich dust species, while far-IR observations of the PDR around NGC 7027 led to the first detections of the rotational
line spectra of CH and CH+.
Based on observations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries:
France, Germany, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom), and with the participation of ISAS and NASA. 相似文献
16.
Els Peeters Nieves Leticia Martín-HernáNdez Nemesio J. RodríGuez-FernáNdez Xander Tielens 《Space Science Reviews》2005,119(1-4):273-292
An overview is given of ISO results on regions of high excitation ISM and gas, i.e. HII regions, the Galactic Centre and Supernova Remnants. IR emission due to fine-structure lines, molecular hydrogen, silicates,
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and dust are summarised, their diagnostic capabilities illustrated and their implications
highlighted.
Based on observations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries:
France, Germany, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom), and with the participation of ISAS and NASA. 相似文献
17.
Starting with nearby galaxy clusters like Virgo and Coma, and continuing out to the furthest galaxy clusters for which ISO
results have yet been published (z = 0.56), we discuss the development of knowledge of the infrared and associated physical properties of galaxy clusters from
early IRAS observations, through the “ISO-era” to the present, in order to explore the status of ISO's contribution to this
field. Relevant IRAS and ISO programmes are reviewed, addressing both the cluster galaxies and the still-very-limited evidence
for an infrared-emitting intra-cluster medium.
ISO made important advances in knowledge of both nearby and distant galaxy clusters, such as the discovery of a major cold
dust component in Virgo and Coma cluster galaxies, the elaboration of the correlation between dust emission and Hubble-type,
and the detection of numerous Luminous Infrared Galaxies (LIRGs) in several distant clusters. These and consequent achievements
are underlined and described.
We recall that, due to observing time constraints, ISO's coverage of higher-redshift galaxy clusters to the depths required
to detect and study statistically significant samples of cluster galaxies over a range of morphological types could not be
comprehensive and systematic, and such systematic coverage of distant clusters will be an important achievement of the Spitzer
Observatory.
Based on observations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries:
France, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom) and with the participation of ISAS and NASA. 相似文献
18.
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20.
在高校后勤管理中建立ISO9000质量管理体系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
宁永录 《西安航空技术高等专科学校学报》2005,23(2):32-33
ISO9000质量管理体系是目前国际上通用的质量管理标准体系,采用这个标准规范高校后勤管理和服务工作,能够提升管理服务水平,实现学校后勤管理规范化、标准化。 相似文献