共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Yann Alibert Christoph Mordasini Olivier Mousis Willy Benz 《Space Science Reviews》2005,116(1-2):77-95
We present models of giant planet formation, taking into account migration and disk viscous evolution. We show that migration
can significantly reduce the formation timescale bringing it in good agreement with typical observed disk lifetimes. We then
present a model that produces a planet whose current location, core mass and total mass are comparable with the one of Jupiter.
For this model, we calculate the enrichments in volatiles and compare them with the one measured by the Galileo probe. We
show that our models can reproduce both the measured atmosphere enrichments and the constraints derived by Guillot et al. (2004), if we assume the accretion of planetesimals with ices/rocks ratio equal to 4, and that a substantial amount of CO2 was present in vapor phase in the solar nebula, in agreement with ISM measurements. 相似文献
2.
《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》2002,38(3):1054-1058
Straddling loss arises because a target is not always precisely centered in a gate. This loss cannot be estimated by simply averaging the signal voltage or power over target location. The probability of detection must be averaged. We show how to do this and present results for rectangular gates. We also present an equation for estimating joint probability of partially correlated events. 相似文献
3.
Klecker B. Mewaldt R.A. Bieber J.W. Cummings A.C. Drury L. Giacalone J. Jokipii J.R. Jones F.C. Krainev M.B. Lee M.A. Le Roux J.A. Marsden R.G. Mcdonald F.B. McKibben R.B. Steenberg C.D. Baring M.G. Ellison D.C. Lanzerotti L.J. Leske R.A. Mazur J.E. Moraal H. Oetliker M. Ptuskin V.S. Selesnick R.S. Trattner K.J. 《Space Science Reviews》1998,83(1-2):259-308
We review the observed properties of anomalous cosmic rays and the present status of our knowledge of the processes by which they originate. We compiled a comprehensive set of ACR energy spectral data from various spacecraft throughout the heliosphere during the passes of Ulysses over the poles of the Sun and present first results of a detailed modeling effort. In several contributions, we discuss the questions of injection and possible pre-acceleration of pickup ions, summarize new observations on the ionic charge composition, and present new results on the composition of minor ions in ACRs. 相似文献
4.
We present a brief review of the modeling of corotating 3-dimensional features in heliospheric cosmic rays. The model heliosphere incorporates a wavy current sheet and Corotating Interaction Regions (CIRs). We find that present models can qualitatively account for the observed extension of recurrent 26-day cosmic-ray variations to high heliospheric latitudes if perpendicular diffusion is significant. The recurrent enhancement of low-energy (MeV) particles accelerated at CIR-s is also shown to fit into this same picture. 相似文献
5.
Snort报文检测及解析机制分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Snort是目前最受关注的一个代码开放网络入侵检测系统(NIDS)。报文检测和解析是其最基本也是最重要的部分。本文分析了Snort的系统结构和检测原理及模式,对Snort报文捕获和报文解析的实现进行了分析,提出了Snort存在的缺陷和改进建议。 相似文献
6.
Shem A.G. Mazzuchi T.A. Sarkani S. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》2008,44(1):295-313
We present an analytic framework for modeling and measuring uncertainty for the scenario of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) cooperatively searching for a moving target. Uncertainty exists in a UAVs assessment of teammate locations, target locations, and sensor results. As is frequently done, our framework employs probabilistic maps to represent uncertain information regarding the UAVs environment. We present new methods to update the probabilistic maps when information arrives from onboard sensors or teammate UAVs. When new information is missing or delayed, we propose a novel and straightforward diffusion approach to update probabilistic maps. The UAVs make navigation decisions based on response to potential fields generated by the probabilistic maps. Since map data have uncertainty, this leads to decision-making in uncertainty. We conclude by describing how uncertainty in the environment translates into a unique measure, velocity vector dispersion (DV), which describes the uncertainty in the UAVs navigation decision. Thresholds related to DV may be useful to guide real-time decision policies. We present simulation results that show how the use of diffusion affects the time to locate targets. We also describe how DV varies during UAV flight and comment on its utility. 相似文献
7.
We study particle trajectories at an X-type neutral point, in the presence of a time-varying electric field. We present consequent distributions of electrons and protons, and suggest that a disturbance propagating through a neutral point may damp by particle acceleration. 相似文献
8.
We discuss the use of multilayered annular-plate dampers as rotor supports in turbopumps of the RD-0120 and RD-0146 rocket engines. We present a technique of calculating the elastic and damping characteristics of multilayer corrugated annular supports in the case of the conical precession of the rotor. 相似文献
9.
S. Kato 《Space Science Reviews》1965,4(2):223-235
We review and criticize theoretical works on the movement of irregularities in the ionosphere. It is shown that the basic
question of the problem has already been answered. We point out unsolved problems relative to growth and decay of irregularities
in an application of the present theories. 相似文献
10.
We discuss perspectives for new tests of general relativity which are based on recent technological developments as well as new ideas. We focus our attention on tests performed with atomic clocks and do not repeat arguments present in the other contributions to the present issue (Space Sci. Rev. 2009, This Issue). In particular, we present the scientific motivations of the space projects ACES (Salomon et al. in CR Acad. Sci. IV-2:1313, 2001) and SAGAS (Wolf et al. in Exp. Astron. 23:651, 2009). 相似文献
11.
We present up-to-date evolutionary models of low-mass stars, from M0.6 M down to the hydrogen burning minimum mass, using recent equation of state and synthetic spectra calculations. Comparison is made with observed luminosity function for these objects. We also present implications for the dark-matter distribution in the galactic halo. 相似文献
12.
Yong Liu Cruz J.B. Schumacher C.J. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》2007,43(2):509-521
Pop-up threats usually appear or disappear randomly in a battle field. If the next pop-up threat locations could be predicted it would assist a search or attack team, such as in a persistent area denial (PAD) mission, in getting a team of unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) to the threats sooner. We present a Markov model for predicting pop-up ground threats in military operations. We first introduce a general Markov chain of order n to capture the dependence of the appearance of pop-up threats at previous locations of the pop-up threats over time. We then present an adaptive approach to estimate the stationary transition probabilities of the nth order Markov models. To choose the order of the Markov chain model for a specific application, we suggest using hypothesis tests from statistical inference on historical data of pop-up threat locations. Anticipating intelligent responses from an adversary, which might change its pop-up threat deployment strategy upon observing UAV movements, we present adaptive Markov chain models using a moving horizon approach to estimate possibly abrupt changes in transition probabilities. We combine predicted and actual pop-up target locations to develop efficient cooperative strategies for networked UAVs. A theoretical analysis and simulation results are presented to evaluate the Markov model used for predicting pop-up threats. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of cooperative strategies using the combined information of threats and predicted threats in improving overall mission performance. 相似文献
13.
A. J. Coates J.-E. Wahlund K. ?gren N. Edberg J. Cui A. Wellbrock K. Szego 《Space Science Reviews》2011,162(1-4):85-111
Titan has the most significant atmosphere of any moon in the solar system, with a pressure at the surface larger than the Earth??s. It also has a significant ionosphere, which is usually immersed in Saturn??s magnetosphere. Occasionally it exits into Saturn??s magnetosheath. In this paper we review several recent advances in our understanding of Titan??s ionosphere, and present some comparisons with the other unmagnetized objects Mars and Venus. We present aspects of the ionospheric structure, chemistry, electrodynamic coupling and transport processes. We also review observations of ionospheric photoelectrons at Titan, Mars and Venus. Where appropriate, we mention the effects on ionospheric escape. 相似文献
14.
Summary We present the results of seven observations of the X-ray spectrum of Cyg X-1, made with the GSPC on board the EXOSAT observatory. We report the discovery of an iron emission line in its spectrum. The likely origin of this feature is discussed. 相似文献
15.
The probability of detecting m or more pulses contiguously-that is, in a row-from a pulse train of n pulses is determined when the detection of each pulse is an independent Bernoulli trial with probability p. While a general closed-form expression for this probability is not known, we present an analytical procedure that gives the exact expression for the probability of interest for any particular case. We also present simple asymptotic expressions for these probabilities and develop bounds on the probability that the number of pulses that must be observed before m contiguous detections is greater than or less than some particular number. We consider the implications for binary integration in radar and electronic warfare problems 相似文献
16.
We present reduced-complexity nonlinear filtering algorithms for image-based tracking of maneuvering targets. In image-based target tracking, the mode of the target is observed as a Markov modulated Poisson process (MMPP) and the aim is to compute optimal estimates of the target's state. We present a reduced complexity algorithm in two steps. First, a gauge transformation is used to reexpress the filtering equations in a form that is computationally more efficient for time discretization than naive discretization of the filtering equations. Second, a spatial aggregation algorithm with guaranteed performance bounds is presented for the time-discretized filters. A numerical example illustrating the performance of the resulting reduced-complexity filtering algorithms for a switching turn-rate model is presented. 相似文献
17.
This paper reviews solar flows and magnetic fields observed at the photospheric level. We first present the context in which these observations are performed. We describe the various temporal and spatial scales involved, and the coupling between them. Then we present small-scale flows, mainly supergranulation and flows around active regions. Flows at the global scale are then reviewed, again with emphasis on the flows, i.e. differential rotation, torsional oscillation and meridional circulation. In both small- and global-scale we discuss the coupling between flow fields and magnetic field and give an overview of observational techniques. Finally, the possible connection between studies of solar activity and stellar activity is briefly discussed. 相似文献
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We present our measurements of the deuterium to hydrogen ratio (D/H) in QSO absorption systems, which give D/H = 3.40 ± 0.25 × 10-5 based on analysis of four independent systems. We discuss the properties of two systems which provide the strongest constraints on D/H. We outline the systematic effects involved in measurements of D/H and introduce a sophisticated method of analysis which properly accounts for these effects. 相似文献