碳/碳复合材料表面纳米HAp/壳聚糖生物复合涂层的制备

以声化学法合成的纳米羟基磷灰石(HAp)为起始原料,以异丙醇作为分散介质,采用水热电泳沉积法在经壳聚糖(CS)溶液改性后的碳/碳复合材料(C/C)表面沉积纳米HAp/CS生物复合涂层.重点研究了水热条件下沉积电压对复合涂层的晶相组成、形貌和结构的影响规律.采用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱分析仪(FTIR)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)对所制备的涂层进行表征.结果表明:随着沉积电压的升高,涂层更加致密和均匀;同时水热环境有利于纳米HAp晶粒的生长,制备出的HAp/CS复合涂层不需要后续热处理.     

纳米CeO2粉体的制备及其发光性能研究

以氨水和硝酸铈为反应原料,采用沉淀滴定法制备了纳米CeO2粉体,通过XRD、SEM、TEM等手段对其进行了结构表征和形貌分析;考察了不同溶剂、煅烧温度等对其颗粒尺寸的影响;应用荧光光谱法测试了其发光光谱,首次探讨了纳米CeO2粉体的发光性能。结果表明,前驱体经过300～700℃煅烧后可以得到颗粒尺寸为4-30nm的立方萤石结构CeO2晶体,其形貌接近于球形。在无水乙醇溶剂中得到的纳米CeO2颗粒分散较好,其颗粒尺寸随煅烧温度的升高而增大。纳米CeO2粉体具有良好的蓝光发光性能,在276nm的激发波长作用下,其发射光谱的最大峰值为473nm。     

用硫化铵制备纳米二硫化钼固体润滑剂微粒

以钼酸铵和硫化铵为原料,通过化学沉淀法制备了前驱体三硫化钼.再经过氢气份脱硫制备了纳米二硫化钼固体润滑剂微粒.利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、激光粒度分析仪和X射线衍射(XRD)对粉体粒子形貌、大小和相结构进行了分析.结果表明:制备纳米二硫化钼微粒的条件为pH值为6.0.煅烧温度为500℃,保温时间为30min,所得微粒粒径为20～40 nm左右的球形颗粒.     

纳米二氧化硅目标杂化聚酰亚胺复合材料膜的制备与性能表征

原位聚合制备了纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)目标杂化聚酰亚胺(PI)复合材料膜。实验表明,采用溶胶 凝胶法原位聚合制备的纳米SiO2 PI杂化膜在SiO2含量达到20wt%时,仍然是透明的,而且根据电镜观察,SiO2粒子在PI基体中均匀分散。随着SiO2含量的增加,杂化PI复合材料膜的耐热性、动态力学性能、拉伸性能均有不同程度的提高,且吸湿性降低。分析表明,SiO2前驱体在反应初期即被"固定"在聚酰胺酸大分子链的羧基(-COOH)上,然后在酰亚胺化过程中原位生成纳米SiO2粒子,SiO2粒子表面上的大量高活性硅羟基(-Si-OH)与PI大分子链上的羰基(>C=O)形成氢键而实现目标杂化。     

铌酸锶钡陶瓷的固相烧结行为与结构演化研究

采用不同前驱体:Sr(NO3)2,Ba(NO3)2,Nb2O5(NSBN70)和SrCO3,BaCO3,Nb2O5(CSBN70)用传统烧结方法制备Sr0.7Ba03Nb2O6陶瓷.通过XRD、SEM实验手段,研究了硝酸盐前驱体制备过程中烧结温度和烧结时间对结构演化的影响.对比了不同前驱体制备SBN70陶瓷的显微结构.实验结果显示:采用硝酸盐前驱体,1400℃下烧结4h可得到纯SBN70相;1375℃烧结6h得到纯SBN70相.与碳酸盐前驱体相比,NSBN70呈现出双结构,比CSBN70易于出现异常晶粒长大.     

纳米铁酸铜的制备及对RDX热分解的催化作用

以CuCl2·2H2O和Fe(NO3)3·9H2O为原料,采用室温固相化学反应法制备出三种不同铜、铁摩尔质量比的纳米CuFe2O4粉体,产物的粒径约为5nm。采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)测试了纳米CuFe2O4对RDX热分解的催化作用。结果表明:纳米CuFe2O4对RDX热分解有明显的催化效果。在三种纳米CuFe2O4中,铜、铁摩尔质量比为1∶1的纳米CuFe2O4的催化效果最好,它使RDX的分解峰温前移了17 8℃,放热量增加了250J/g,活化能降低了21 9kJ/mol。纳米CuFe2O4的用量增加对RDX热分解的催化效果显著增大。     

新型SiOC 陶瓷前驱体的合成及性能

采用四甲基四乙烯基环四硅氧烷(TMTVS)与四甲基环四硅氧烷(TMS)通过阳离子开环聚合反应制备了含Si—H及Si—CH=CH2官能团的聚硅氧烷.用红外、核磁、凝胶渗透色谱及热重分析对该聚硅氧烷进行了表征,结果表明其结构与设计相吻合,其分子量、黏度及Si—H、Si—CH=CH2的比例可以通过改变原料比例来调节.这种新型聚硅氧烷用作SiOC陶瓷前驱体具有低黏度、高陶瓷产率等特点.     

柔性SiO2 气凝胶的制备

以甲基三乙氧基硅烷为前驱体,通过溶胶-凝胶法和超临界干燥制备块状柔性SiO2气凝胶.研究了前驱体浓度对材料化学组成、微观结构及柔韧性、热稳定性的影响.结果表明,甲基的存在降低了分子网络的交联密度,赋予了材料柔韧性.随着前驱体浓度降低,微观结构中颗粒堆积紧密程度下降,材料的柔韧性增强;同时分子中硅羟基增多,热稳定性提高.     

硅纳米晶体浮栅存储器件特性研究

通过硅(Si+)离子注入使硅纳米晶体存在于SiO2层中充当离散浮栅,制造出纳米晶体浮栅存储器件,测试器件的阈值电压变化(△Vth)、耐擦写能力和数据保持能力,得到该纳米晶体浮栅存储器件的存储特性。测试结果表明,该纳米晶体浮栅存储器件具有大的△Vth和较快的写/擦速度、非常好的耐擦写能力和很好的数据保持能力,具有应用于航空航天设备中的潜力。     

纳米孔径酚醛树脂基泡沫碳前驱体的隔热性能

采用热塑性酚醛树脂为原料,通过液相低压发泡工艺制备得到具有纳米孔径的酚醛树脂基泡沫碳前驱体.研究了前驱体的隔热机理和纳米孔径结构对热导率的改善以及材料的热导率随体积密度和测试温度的变化规律.结果表明,由于具有均匀分布的纳米孔径结构,前驱体的隔热性得到改善和提高.前驱体的热导率随体积密度的增大存在一个最佳密度点,此时热导率取得极小值.200℃以前,前驱体的热导率随测试温度的升高先增后减,200℃以后热导率变化甚少,高密度的前驱体出现极大值拐点的温度比低密度前驱体延缓20℃.     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。