飞行器比例导引综述

基于导弹制导和机器人控制等领域，对追踪／截获动目标——导引问题的研究，综观几十年来大量国内外研究成果，系统分析与比较了各种比例导引律的含义、特点与性能。指出纯比例导引及其改进是非常有效的导引方式，可以有效地用于机动目标追踪／截获导引，能为相关领域机动目标导引问题的研究，包括战斗机追踪导引设计提供参考。     

Volume Contents Volume 110

Space Science Reviews -     

Volume Contents Volume 108

Space Science Reviews -     

Overview of the New Horizons Science Payload

The New Horizons mission was launched on 2006 January 19, and the spacecraft is heading for a flyby encounter with the Pluto system in the summer of 2015. The challenges associated with sending a spacecraft to Pluto in less than 10 years and performing an ambitious suite of scientific investigations at such large heliocentric distances (>32 AU) are formidable and required the development of lightweight, low power, and highly sensitive instruments. This paper provides an overview of the New Horizons science payload, which is comprised of seven instruments. Alice provides moderate resolution (～3–10 Å FWHM), spatially resolved ultraviolet (～465–1880 Å) spectroscopy, and includes the ability to perform stellar and solar occultation measurements. The Ralph instrument has two components: the Multicolor Visible Imaging Camera (MVIC), which performs panchromatic (400–975 nm) and color imaging in four spectral bands (Blue, Red, CH₄, and NIR) at a moderate spatial resolution of 20 μrad/pixel, and the Linear Etalon Imaging Spectral Array (LEISA), which provides spatially resolved (62 μrad/pixel), near-infrared (1.25–2.5 μm), moderate resolution (λ/δ λ～240–550) spectroscopic mapping capabilities. The Radio Experiment (REX) is a component of the New Horizons telecommunications system that provides both radio (X-band) solar occultation and radiometry capabilities. The Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) provides high sensitivity (V<18), high spatial resolution (5 μrad/pixel) panchromatic optical (350–850 nm) imaging capabilities that serve both scientific and optical navigation requirements. The Solar Wind at Pluto (SWAP) instrument measures the density and speed of solar wind particles with a resolution ΔE/E<0.4 for energies between 25 eV and 7.5 keV. The Pluto Energetic Particle Spectrometer Science Investigation (PEPSSI) measures energetic particles (protons and CNO ions) in 12 energy channels spanning 1–1000 keV. Finally, an instrument designed and built by students, the Venetia Burney Student Dust Counter (VB-SDC), uses polarized polyvinylidene fluoride panels to record dust particle impacts during the cruise phases of the mission.     

Overview of the Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation

A brief review is given of some of the problems concerning the interactions of electromagnetic radiation with biological systems. It is emphasized that we cannot continue to expand the use and power of the electromagnetic spectrum without adequate consideration of its possible biological effects. New research efforts must be started in this area, utilizing a strong and well-coordinated interdisciplinary approach.     

Overview of the self-sustaining mechanisms of wall turbulence

This paper reviews the ideas about why wall turbulence is self-sustaining. The paper is to distribute this information to fluid dynamists who are nonspecialists in turbulence. The production of turbulence and Reynolds stress centers on vortices and “streaks” of low speed fluid near the wall. There are two main categories of self-sustaining mechanisms. In one category, parent vortices interact with the wall and produce offspring vortices. In the second category, workers view the mechanisms as instabilities. Streak velocity profiles, profiles where low velocity fluid has accumulated in long streamwise regions of small spanwise extent, are unstable. These regions are caused by streamwise vortices in the near-wall region. The most dangerous perturbation is a sinuous streamwise mode. The mode may be a normal mode or a transient-growth mode. Ultimately the nonlinear development produces a streamwise vortex. In turn, the vortex can reproduce the streak profile. A third category is based on a common mathematical approach. The goal is to construct a low-order dynamical system of differential equations that display the elemental processes of turbulence.     

MESSENGER Mission Overview

The MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft, launched on August 3, 2004, is nearing the halfway point on its voyage to become the first probe to orbit the planet Mercury. The mission, spacecraft, and payload are designed to answer six fundamental questions regarding the innermost planet: (1) What planetary formational processes led to Mercury’s high ratio of metal to silicate? (2) What is the geological history of Mercury? (3) What are the nature and origin of Mercury’s magnetic field? (4) What are the structure and state of Mercury’s core? (5) What are the radar-reflective materials at Mercury’s poles? (6) What are the important volatile species and their sources and sinks near Mercury? The mission has focused to date on commissioning the spacecraft and science payload as well as planning for flyby and orbital operations. The second Venus flyby (June 2007) will complete final rehearsals for the Mercury flyby operations in January and October 2008 and September 2009. Those flybys will provide opportunities to image the hemisphere of the planet not seen by Mariner 10, obtain high-resolution spectral observations with which to map surface mineralogy and assay the exosphere, and carry out an exploration of the magnetic field and energetic particle distribution in the near-Mercury environment. The orbital phase, beginning on March 18, 2011, is a one-year-long, near-polar-orbital observational campaign that will address all mission goals. The orbital phase will complete global imaging, yield detailed surface compositional and topographic data over the northern hemisphere, determine the geometry of Mercury’s internal magnetic field and magnetosphere, ascertain the radius and physical state of Mercury’s outer core, assess the nature of Mercury’s polar deposits, and inventory exospheric neutrals and magnetospheric charged particle species over a range of dynamic conditions. Answering the questions that have guided the MESSENGER mission will expand our understanding of the formation and evolution of the terrestrial planets as a family.     

多孔非晶合金生物医用材料概述

综述了近十年来国内外关于多孔非晶合金的研究现状,从非晶材料、制备工艺、孔隙参数及力学性能等方面进行了阐述,初步探讨了多孔非晶合金作为生物医用植入材料的发展前景。     

747—400中央维护计算机系统综述

装在波音747—400飞机上的中央维护计算机系统(CMCS)收集和显示飞机有关系统的故障信息,并提出报告。CMC 还可以使众多的飞机系统完成地面试验。本文叙述了 CMC 系统、信息处理、地面起始试验以及 CMC 的其他功能。     

MRO软件综述

本文对MRO软件做了基本介绍,对MRO软件与ERP软件的功能进行了对比,并详细描述了MRO软件的系统要求和解决方案。     

雷达天线罩技术综述

介绍了雷达天线罩的原材料(包括基体材料和增强材料等)、壁结构和制造技术(成形工艺、涂装技术、监控技术)的国内外技术现状和发展趋势.     

四足机器人研究综述

凭借对恶劣地形的强适应性,四足机器人已经成为当今移动机器人研究的热点,其研究深具社会意义和实用价值。阐述了四足机器人的发展及研究现状,以具有代表性的四足机器人为据,从结构设计、控制方法和环境感知技术三个方面综合介绍了四足机器人系统,总结了四足机器人的关键技术及主要问题,最后给出了具有前瞻性的结论。     

CARET进气道研究综述

对Caret进气道研究发展过程进行了回顾 ,提出了一种Caret进气道设计方法 ,并对其进口激波系结构及管道内流动特点进行了分析。     

飞行员助手项目综述

当前人工智能技术于航空领域的应用存在研究分散、总体设计思想落后的问题,导致无法将各种技术融合以形成一个完整的智能辅助系统来提升飞行员的决策能力。本文首先总结了飞行员的能力限制及座舱功能存在的问题,分析了座舱智能辅助系统的设计需求,在此基础上,重点综述了飞行员助手项目的总体结构及其设计,给出了各分系统的实现方式。最后,梳理了相关内容,指出项目中尚可完善之处,为今后的研究指明方向。     

飞行载荷发展综述

飞行载荷设计是飞行器设计的一个重要组成部分,是连接总体气动设计和结构强度设计的桥梁。本 文从飞行载荷设计所需要遵循的规范、飞行载荷的设计方法、严重载荷选取、飞行载荷的验证等方面对飞行器 飞行载荷设计的发展历程进行了回顾,并对未来飞行载荷的发展方向进行了展望。     

RGB-D SLAM综述

RGB-D SLAM是指使用RGB-D相机作为视觉传感器,进行同时定位与地图构建(SLAM)的技术。RGB-D相机是近几年推出的能够同时采集环境RGB图像和深度图像的视觉传感器。首先对主流RGB-D相机,RGB-D SLAM算法框架流程做了介绍,然后对RGB-D SLAM算法的国内外主要标志性成果,以及RGB-D SLAM的研究现状进行介绍,并对RGB-D SLAM方法前端视觉里程计中特征检测与匹配、后端位姿图优化、回环检测等关键技术进行介绍总结。最后,对RGB-D SLAM算法的优缺点进行了分析,并对RGB-D SLAM算法的研究热点及发展趋势进行了讨论。     

智能化民用飞机概述

提出了智能飞机的定义以及智能飞机所具备的状态感知、记忆学习、自主控制和规划、行为决策、自然人机交互以及空地一体化维护管理六项特征。基于智能飞机的特征,提出了面向飞行机组的智能驾驶技术、面向乘客的智能客舱技术以及面向机务的智能维护技术,并分别对智能驾驶技术、智能客舱技术以及智能维护技术进行了介绍,重点介绍了实现智能驾驶所依托的PBN、ADS-B等关键技术。本文的研究对未来智能飞机的设计具有重要的指引作用和研究意义。     

永远的追求写在人类超声速飞行60周年

实现超声速飞行一直是人类追求的目标之一。具有超声速巡航能力的作战飞机已经装备部队,而超声速民用飞机的使用和研制却屡遭挫折,目前这种形势已经出现了变化。     

Overview of GARTEUR research programme

The Group for Aeronautical Research and Technology in EURope (GARTEUR) was set up with the main aim of facilitating European aeronautics R&T collaboration, covering both the civil and the military applications. Since its creation more than 25 years ago, GARTEUR has conducted numerous collaborative projects. This paper describes briefly the GARTEUR organisation and provides an overview of the scientific and technical activity performed under this umbrella.