C/C-SiC复合材料两种制备工艺及材料性能

以碳纤维整体毡为预制体,采用化学气相渗透法(CVI)制备出低密度碳/碳复合材料,再分别采用液相硅渗透工艺(LSI)制备出密度为2.1g/cm3的碳/碳-碳化硅复合材料(C/C-SiC),及先驱体转化工艺(PIP)制备出密度为1.9g/cm3的C/C-SiC.对2种工艺制备的C/C-SiC力学性能进行了比较,结果表明:PIP工艺制备的C/C-SiC弯曲强度为287MPa,明显高于LSI工艺制备的弯曲强度155MPa.     

浸渍工艺对先驱体转化制备Cf/SiC复合材料结构与性能的影响

以聚碳硅烷(PCS)/二乙烯基苯(DVB)为先驱体制备了3D-B Cf/SiC复合材料,研究了不同浸渍工艺对材料力学性能的影响.结果表明采用加热加压浸渍可以大大提高先驱体的浸渍效率,提高所制备材料的密度,从而明显提高Cf/SiC复合材料的力学性能.选用加热加压浸渍条件所制备的材料密度达到1.944g/cm3,室温弯曲强度达到662MPa,在1650℃(真空)和1800℃(真空)下测试,材料的弯曲强度分别为647MPa和609MPa.     

Cf / E-TiO2 复合材料的制备与性能

采用复合分散工艺将纳米TiO_2均匀分散于环氧树脂中,制备了环氧-纳米TiO_2树脂浇铸体,并采用湿法缠绕工艺制备了T700碳纤维增强环氧复合材料(C_f/E)以及T700碳纤维增强环氧-纳米TiO_2(C_f/ETiO_2)复合材料NOL环与Φ150 mm容器,研究了纳米TiO_2对环氧树脂浇铸体、复合材料NOL环和Φ150 mm容器性能的影响。结果表明,纳米TiO_2的加入对环氧基体和C_f/E复合材料均有不同程度的增强、增韧效果,其中环氧基体的拉伸强度提高了9.2%,弯曲强度提高了9.8%,冲击强度提高了52.9%;C_f/E-TiO_2复合材料NOL环层剪强度达到87.7 MPa,提高了22.3%;Φ150 mm容器特性系数达到43.4 km,纤维强度发挥率达到94.3%,分别提高了9.9%和3.3%。     

新型含硅芳炔树脂复合材料制备工艺

以含硅芳炔树脂为基体、高强玻璃布为增强材料制备了新型含硅芳炔树脂复合材料,探讨了树脂的固化工艺,研究了树脂含量、成型温度和成型压力对复合材料性能的影响,确定了含硅芳炔树脂复合材料成型的工艺参数:树脂质量分数31%、升温程序170℃/2h+210℃/2h+250℃/4h、成型压力1.0MPa。优化工艺条件下制备的复合材料弯曲强度达278MPa。     

PIP 工艺对2D C/ SiC-ZrB2 复合材料结构和力学性能的影响

采用CVI结合SI及PIP工艺制备2D C/SiC-ZrB2复合材料.研究了PIP工艺中循环浸渍次数及热处理对复合材料结构和力学性能的影响.比较了多孔C/SiC浸渍浆料后用PIP结合CVI致密化和仅用CVI致密化的效果.结果表明:浸渍裂解后,热处理温度相同,热处理次数对复合材料的开孔率和弯曲强度影响不大.2D C/SiC-ZrB2复合材料的弯曲强度不随PIP次数的增多而增加,PIP处理二次后,复合材料的强度逐渐增加,PIP处理五次,强度达到最大值,制备的复合材料开孔率为8.0%、弯曲强度为423 MPa.SI后用PIP结合CVI致密化比仅用CVI致密化效果好.     

可溶性改性双马来酰亚胺树脂基体的研究

在双马来酰亚胺/二元胺/改性剂A预聚体系中加入环氧丙烯酸树脂,制备了一种可用作耐热复合材料基体的改性双马来酰亚胺树脂。用DSC研究了该树脂基体的反应特性,并制定出了合适的固化工艺参数:改性树脂基体经140℃/1 h 160℃/1 h 180℃/2 h初固化,于220℃/8 h后固化处理,其热变形温度(HDT)为245℃;该树脂与玻璃纤维制备的单向复合材料层压板的室温拉伸强度、弯曲强度和层间剪切强度分别为1 030 MPa、1 600 MPa和92．1 MPa;180℃下测得弯曲强度保持率为67．8%,层间剪切强度保持率为63．2%,用DMA法测得T_g为273℃。     

PIP工艺制备SiC晶须增强SiCf/SiC复合材料的性能

以不同界面层厚度的SiC纤维为增强相,采用先驱体浸渍裂解工艺(PIP)制备SiC_f(PyC)/SiC复合材料,并在复合材料基体中引入SiC晶须,对其性能进行研究。结果表明:热解碳(PyC)界面层厚度约为230 nm时,SiC纤维拔出明显,SiC_f/SiC复合材料拉伸强度、弯曲强度和断裂韧度分别达到192.3 MPa、446.9 MPa和11.4 MPa?m^1/2;在SiC_f/SiC复合材料基体中引入SiC晶须后,晶须的拔出、桥连及裂纹偏转等增韧机制增加了裂纹在基体中传递时的能量消耗,使复合材料的断裂韧度和弯曲强度分别提高了22.9%和9.1%。     

适用于热熔法制备预浸料的氰酸酯树脂的制备

为改进纤维增强氰酸酯树脂基复合材料的制备工艺,研制了一种适用热熔法制备预浸料的氰酸酯树脂体系.以旋转黏度计确定了适用热熔法浸渍纤维的树脂黏度为1.5 Pa·s/80℃、最佳加工温度为(90±2)℃、工艺适用期为2 h.利用DSC及哈克流变仪确定了树脂的固化工艺、纤维增强树脂基复合材料的制备工艺等.结果表明此树脂体系具有良好的热熔加工性能,适宜的工艺适用期,树脂体系在-10℃下贮存6个月后,树脂黏度基本保持不变,应用热熔浸渍法制备的M40J碳纤维/氰酸酯复合材料,具有优异的力学性能,拉伸强度和模量分别为2 037 MPa和226 GPa,弯曲强度和模量分别为1 580 MPa和217 GPa.     

以一种新型先驱体制备SiC/SiC复合材料高温弯曲性能研究

以新型先驱体LPVCS(含乙烯基液态聚碳硅烷)为原料,以经CVD裂解碳(PyC)界面改性的KD-1型SiC纤维作为增强相,采用先驱体浸渍裂解工艺(PIP)制备三维编织SiC/SiC复合材料,并对其室温及1300℃弯曲性能测试表征。试验结果表明,采用LPVCS为先驱体制备SiC/SiC复合材料,降低了材料制备周期,且9个周期后材料密度达到2.14g/cm3,开孔率为10.8%。在1300℃空气环境中,SiC/SiC复合材料弯曲强度达到470.2MPa,断裂韧性达到20.7MPa·m1/2。采用扫描电镜对SiC/SiC复合材料1300℃下断口形貌进行观察,SiC纤维存在一定拔出;断口表面存在较为严重的氧化现象,这是导致材料弯曲强度降低的主要原因。     

2DCf／SiC-Si复合材料的制备和性能研究

针对短时高温抗氧化的具体环境,采用先驱体转化工艺制备2D Cf/SiC-Si复合材料.首先考察首周期裂解温度对2D Cf/SiC-Si材料力学性能的影响,结果表明,首周期采用1200℃裂解,所制备的2D Cf/SiC-Si复合材料界面结合较好,弯曲强度和断裂韧性分别达到305.4MPa和15.7 MPa·m1/2.在此基础上研究了Si粉含量对材料性能的影响.结果表明,随着Si含量的增加,2D Cf/SiC-Si材料的力学性能稍有降低,而抗氧化性能明显提高,主要原因在于材料中游离碳含量的降低和Si氧化后生成的具有封填裂纹和隔氧作用的SiO2膜.     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.