直升机舱内降噪技术研究

舱内噪声问题是影响直升机竞争力的一个重要因素。以某直升机作为研究对象,将飞行噪声数据作为输入,分别从噪声预计技术、噪声被动控制技术、噪声主动控制技术三个方面开展直升机降噪技术研究,并根据理论分析和试验结果,实施了直升机舱内主动、被动综合降噪设计,以较小的重量代价,取得了试验室环境6dBA综合降噪效果,达到了预期目标。     

The Effect of Hard Limiting an Angle-Modulated Signal Plus Noise

The effect of hard limiting an angle-modulated signal plus narrow-band Gaussian noise is analyzed. Several examples are considered?sinusoidal angle modulation, Gaussian angle modulation, and biphase angle modulation. The general conclusion is that when a zonal band-pass filter is used, which rejects dc and second harmonics, an angle-modulated signal plus Gaussian noise provides the same output signal-to-noise ratio as shown by Davenport for a CW signal plus Gaussian noise. However, when a narrow bandpass filter is used, which has a bandwidth approximately equal to the input angle-modulated signal, an angle-modulated signal plus Gaussian noise has a better output signal-to-noise ratio than a CW signal plus Gaussian noise.     

旋翼桨涡干扰噪声开环桨距主动控制研究

直升机在斜下降飞行时旋翼产生的桨涡干扰(BVI)噪声十分严重,桨距主动控制是降低旋翼BVI噪声的有效手段之一。为摸索其对旋翼BVI噪声的影响规律并阐释其机理,开展了开环桨距主动控制对旋翼BVI噪声的影响研究。建立能够计入开环桨距主动控制的旋翼自由尾迹模型,并结合翼型气动力模型及基于FW-H(Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings)方程的旋翼载荷噪声计算模型,建立旋翼BVI噪声开环主动控制模型。以40%缩比的4桨叶BO-105直升机模型旋翼为算例,在风洞配平状态下开展开环桨距主动控制对旋翼BVI噪声的影响研究。通过分析算例旋翼在不同相位、幅值的桨距主动控制下的BVI噪声声压级、桨盘气动载荷及桨盘迎角分布,总结出开环桨距主动控制影响旋翼BVI噪声的规律,并初步阐释了其机理:适当的桨距主动控制可改善桨盘迎角分布,降低桨涡干扰位置附近的桨叶气动载荷,从而降低BVI噪声。     

Energy Detection of a Random Process in Colored Gaussian Noise

A likelihood receiver for a Gaussian random signal process in colored Gaussian noise is realized with a quadratic form of a finite-duration sample of the input process. Such a receiver may be called a "filtered energy detector." The output statistic is compared with a threshold and if the threshold is exceeded, a signal is said to be present. False alarm and detection probabilities may be estimated if tabulated distributions can be fitted to the actual distributions of the test statistic which are unknown. Gamma distributions were fitted to the conditional probability densities of the output statistic by equating means and variances, formulas for which are derived assuming a large observation interval. A numerical example is given for the case in which the noise and signal processes have spectral densities of the same shape or are flat. The optimum filter turns out to be a band-limited noise whitener. The factors governing false alarm and detection probabilities are the filter bandwidth, the sample duration, and the signal level compared to the noise. Two sets of receiver operating characteristic curves are presented to complete the example.     

数传信道干扰仿真研究

在分析数传信道差错特性的基础上,结合测控系统实际数传信道特点,将测控系统的数传信道定位成有记忆、生成型、更新型的信道模型。最后选用了双状态马尔科夫链模型作为信道干扰仿真的数学模型,并采用误码率调节方法实现干扰仿真的灵活控制。     

样本内变差对过程监控效果的影响及探测方法

控制图要求各个样本中的子样保持同一分布,以保证非系统因素在样本内引起的过程波动最小,同时最大化非系统因素在样本间引起的波动.而当样本中的子样不是同一分布时候,就会导致控制图具有过大的控制线,降低监控的能力.本文旨在分析和比较几种样本内变差的探测方法,并找出在不同情况下最合适的样本内变差探测组合.     

Error Covariance Analysis of a Karhunen-Loeve Collocation Estimator

An error covariance analysis of a two-dimensional gravity compensation technique (KLC) employing a Karhunen-Loeve gravity disturbance model and the linear least-square collocation algorithm for its estimation is presented, without actually using any data. Its performance is compared with another gravity compensation technique (KLE), whose error covariance analysis was previously presented by Gupta. From the mismodeling analysis, KLC appears to be superior to KLE.     

Position Finding with Prior Knowledge of Covariance Parameters

Butterly [1] presents a Bayesian approach as an alternative to the classical methods for solving the position-finding problem. Butterly assumes that bearing errors are independent and normally distributed with known variances. In the paper, the assumption of known variances is relaxed and it is shown that uncertainty about these variances can be incorporated into the model while also retaining the computational advantages of the Butterly formulation. It is also shown that the Bayes estimate and the classical maximum likelihood estimate will agree in certain cases.     

Simplified Calculation of a Covariance Given by Levin

An expression valid for large values of a signal-to-noise ratio is obtained for the covariance of a particular least squares estimate. The quantity estimated is a vector ? embodying the direction and speed of a plane wave impinging upon an array of sensors. The method used for calculation differs from that suggested by Levin [1], is thought to be more straightforward, and yields the same results.     

工艺方法对某结构形式的强度影响研究

以某结构形式为例,研究了加工工艺对其强度、尤其是疲劳强度的影响,讨论了产生裂纹的原因,提出了工艺改进措施并得到了试验验证。结果表明,结构根部的应力集中是疲劳强度降低并出现裂纹的原因,加工工艺对疲劳强度有较大影响,改进工艺后,该结构根部应力集中程度降低,抗疲劳性能明显改善。     

工艺参数对复合材料长桁成型载荷的影响

复合材料长桁机械成型过程中的成型载荷与成型工艺参数的关系会影响预制体成型过程的稳定性和长桁成型后的性能,利用自制复合材料L型长桁自动化成型机,搭建出一种长桁结构机械成型载荷测试系统,通过成型温度、成型速率、成型间距和铺层结构的研究,对成型载荷的变化规律进行测试和分析,探索出工艺参数与成型载荷之间的经验公式。结果表明:在合适的成型温度范围内,随着成型温度的逐渐升高,成型速率逐渐降低,成型间距逐渐增大,会使得成型载荷逐渐降低;铺层方式不同时,成型载荷变化情况为:[0°/45°/90°/–45°]ns>[0°/90°]ns>[±45°]ns;最后得到成型载荷与工艺参数关系的经验公式,在一定范围内对成型温度、成型速率、成型间距可具备实际指导能力。     

涵道尾桨气动噪声分析方法研究

建立了涵道尾桨气动噪声的频域分析方法.采用面元-涡流理论计算涵道尾桨的气动载荷,采用Farassat 1A公式计算尾桨的自由声场噪声,涵道的声学散射效应通过频域的边界元法进行计算.利用已有的试验数据和算例结果对该方法进行了验证.     

基于FW-Hpds方法的直升机旋翼气动噪声指向性分析

本文使用基于可穿透数据面的Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings方程(FW-Hpds)的预测方法分析了跨声速直升机悬停旋翼气动噪声的指向性。通过求解三维非定常欧拉方程计算了近场噪声,通过延迟时积分方法和求解FW-Hpds方程计算远场噪声。预测了跨声速UH-1H悬停旋翼的高速脉冲噪声(HSI),然后计算了不同观测点处的声压级,并通过声压级在不同方向上的分布分析了HSI噪声的方向性。根据本文研究发现HSI噪声在桨盘平面上最大,在转轴方向上最小,和其它研究者的结论一致。     

某型客车噪声源的测试与研究

本文通过对某型客车的噪声测试分析，识别出该型客车的主要噪声源，为进一步采取有效的降噪措施提供了必要依据。     

The Uncertainty of Pulse Position Due to Noise

The time at which a received signal crosses a certain level fluctuates in the presence of noise. In this paper, a theoretical formula for the standard deviation of this thresholding time is obtained. The formula is applied to the detection of a pulse perturbed by Gaussian noise. Two practical detection schemes, the peak amplitude estimator and the double differentiator, are theoretically analyzed and compared. Also, a formula is derived which may be used to determine the efficacy of a false-alarm detection system.     

The Susceptivity of MTI Systems to White Noise

The performance of various coherent MTI systems in the presence of white noise is investigated. The single-pulse signal-to-noise ratios at the output of the filters are presented for the case of large system bandwidth. Generalized results, calculated as a function of the system's bandwidth, are given. Finally, those results are compared to the optimum signal-to-noise acheivable by a matched filter.     

The Noise Model of the SEIS Seismometer of the InSight Mission to Mars

The SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Interior Structures) instrument on board the InSight mission to Mars is the critical instrument for determining the interior structure of Mars, the current level of tectonic activity and the meteorite flux. Meeting the performance requirements of the SEIS instrument is vital to successfully achieve these mission objectives. The InSight noise model is a key tool for the InSight mission and SEIS instrument requirement setup. It will also be used for future operation planning. This paper presents the analyses made to build a model of the Martian seismic noise as measured by the SEIS seismometer, around the seismic bandwidth of the instrument (from 0.01 Hz to 1 Hz). It includes the instrument self-noise, but also the environment parameters that impact the measurements. We present the general approach for the model determination, the environment assumptions, and we analyze the major and minor contributors to the noise model.     

拉弯过程中预拉力对角型材零件回弹的影响规律

采用弹塑性有限元方法对不同预拉力下角型材的转台式拉弯成形过程进行了模拟.首先建立转台式拉弯成形过程的有限元模型,然后通过分析由模拟计算所得到的不同预拉力下拉弯零件的应力应变场和回弹角,得出预拉力对角型材拉弯零件回弹的影响规律.所得结果可作为设计拉弯成形模具和确定拉弯工艺参数的参考.     

浅析发展中国家经济体制的一般特征

本文旨在探讨发展中国家在经济社会发展过程中经济体制的一般特征。认为,发展中国家的经济体制首先是以二元结构为基本特征的,所谓经济发展,就是从传统的农业部门向现代化工业部门的二元结构转变过程;发展中国家经济体制的第二个基本特征是历史上形成的国际性依附结构,经济体制的形成和变革都与此相关;经济体制的第三个特征是混合型经济体制,它与发达国家的混合经济不同,具有超前性和阶段性。     

过渡液相扩散焊连接工艺参数对DD407母材液化的影响

为了将瞬间液相扩散焊的液相形成过程与固相扩散焊复合,充分利用TLP及固相扩散焊的优点,需要研究接头界面处母材液化规律。选用DD407镍基单晶高温合金作为试验材料,中间层合金采用含B为3.5%的BNi9进行TLP连接,观察母材液化宽度和接头宽度在不同工艺参数下的变化。通过分析得到:母材液化区宽度随着加热温度升高及保温时间增长而增加,在焊接温度为1100℃,保温时间为5min,中间层厚度为150μm的情况下,母材液化的宽度达到65.8μm;中间层厚度对母材液化的影响程度相对较大,主要降熔元素B的总量增加;TLP连接过程中,母材液化的过程为降熔元素B不断向母材中扩散,导致母材液化宽度增加,但随着扩散的进行,B元素的含量逐渐降低引起等温凝固,从而在一定程度上影响了表面清理的效果。