飞机纵向非线性系统的鲁棒输出跟踪控制器设计

研究了单输入单输出非线性不确定系统的鲁棒输出跟踪控制。在标称系统可输入/输出线性化、不确定性项有界且满足广义匹配条件的情况下,可得到系统的高增益鲁棒输出跟踪控制器。鲁棒控制器仅依赖于设计参数和不确定性的界。将该方法应用于飞机纵向高阶非线性动态的控制器设计,并进行了数字仿真。结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

一类非线性系统的状态反馈输出跟踪研究

研究一类非线性系统的状态反馈输出跟踪控制问题。对于给定的光滑有界的参考信号,利用反步方法设计系统的跟踪控制器,使从任意初值出发的系统的输出都渐近于给定的参考信号,同时系统内部状态保持有界。仿真实例验证了研究结论的可行性。     

基于反馈误差学习的神经网络控制

研究了应用神经网络和ＰＤ反馈控制实现非线性系统的自适应跟踪问题。ＰＤ反馈控制器不但保证闭环系统的稳定性,同时其输出又作为训练神网络的参考信号。证明了通过选择适当的初始加权和加权的调节速率可以实现非线性系统的固定点跟踪。     

Adaptive Trackers Based on Continuous Learning Theory

The theory of ?continuous learning? is applied here to the design of nonlinear sampled-data trackers. This theory provides a continuous-motion approximation of the discrete or sampled motion of the actual tracker. The theory prodicts the transient-response performance of the tracker as well as the mean-square errors caused by noise and statistical fluctuations in the signal. Numerical examples of first-order and second-order trackers designed by this technique are presented. These examples illustrate the adaptive behavior predicted by the technique. In one of these examples the trade-off between transient-response performance and the suppression of noise-induced tracking errors is demonstrated.     

一类非线性系统的输出反馈渐进输出追踪控制

研究一类非线性系统的输出反馈输出追踪控制问题。利用高增益观测器和反传设计方法,在非线性系统满足Lipschitz条件下,对任意给定的常数参考信号,设计了动态输出反馈控制器,使得闭环系统的输出指数渐进追踪参考信号。     

Optimum Realizable Continuous Range Estimation

The ability to detect the presence or absence of a target is no longer the fundamental design criterion when the vehicle to be tracked is cooperative. In spacecraft tracking or navigation systems, for example, emphasis is placed on post-acquisition performance. Therefore, classical radar theory and design techniques are not specifically applicable. On the other hand, there are optimization techniques for extracting the tracking data from noise that are more to the point. In particular, optimum demodulation theory is directed specifically to the problem of continuously extracting data from a nonlinear modulation process. In this paper, the tracking properties of a multitone PM ranging signal are reviewed and are shown to be nearly optimum for cooperative vehicles. An optimum, but nonrealizable, maximum a posteriori (MAP) continuous estimator of range is derived for this signal. The linearized model of this receiver is the optimum nonrealizable Wiener filter for the data. Interpretation of this optimum nonrealizable estimator leads to a receiver design that is both practical and intuitively satisfying. With the aid of post-detection processing in the Wiener-Hopf sense, almost optimum performance is obtained from the resulting receiver, above threshold.     

非线性系统中多传感器目标跟踪融合算法研究

 研究了在非线性系统中 ,基于转换坐标卡尔曼滤波器的多传感器目标跟踪融合算法。通过分析得出 :在非线性系统的多传感器目标跟踪中 ,基于转换坐标卡尔曼滤波器 ( CMKF)的分布融合估计基本可以重构中心融合估计。仿真实验也证明了此结论。由此可见分布的 CMKFA是非线性系统中较优的分布融合算法     

应用卡尔曼滤波的机载雷达跟踪系统

本文论述将滤波理论应用于机载雷达中对单个目标进行距离、速度、方位角和高低角跟踪的多环反馈系统。首先根据目标和天线的相对运动建立控制四坐标跟踪环所需的状态矢量微分方程,然后推导相应的非线性滤波算法。最后给出计算机的模拟结果。计算机模拟的结果清晰地说明采用最佳滤波的系统性能比通常的有很大改善,并且这种瞄准轴坐标系的最佳系统对目标的随机机动是不灵敏的。 本文所讨论的方法和得出的结论可以延用到地面雷达、舰载雷达以及其他有源和无源的跟踪系统。     

Improved tracking with mode-S data-linked velocity measurements

The use of downlinked airspeed and magnetic heading data to enhance tracking in mode-S equipped air traffic control (ATC) systems is examined. A tracker performing satisfactorily during straight line flight as well as during steep maneuvers is discussed. The filter copes easily with longitudinally accelerating targets and is suitable for tracking low-velocity targets like helicopters in all phases of flight. The filter assumes that the target flies in a circular path from sample to sample, which results in nonlinear system equations. The filter is suitable for implementation in three-dimensional tracking systems, particularly on the vertical axis, where target velocities are usually small     

用于非线性跟踪问题的一种新的粒子滤波器

机动目标跟踪系统通常是非线性而且不完全观测的 ,所以问题的关键在于每一时刻的目标机动性都是高度不确定的。提出了一种新的平滑粒子滤波算法 ,该算法在粒子滤波器中加入了对系统模型的概率分布密度的平滑处理 ,从而很好的解决了目标的机动性估计问题。在仿真研究中 ,与辅助粒子滤波器的比较验证了本文算法处理非线性跟踪问题的优越性     

Interference in Frequency-Locked Doppler Tracking Loops

The effects of interference on frequency-locked Doppler tracking loops are investigated. Conditions for jump from locking on the desired signal to locking on the interfering signal are established. Parasitic frequency modulation of the desired signal results when the other signal interferes with it. The index of this parasitic modulation as a function of the interference-to-desired signal amplitude ratio is computed. Both critical amplitude ratio and critical parasitic modulation index at the occurrence of jump are derived. Comparing frequency-locked loops with phase-locked loops with phase-locked loops in the presence of interference shows the former performs better for most cases of practical importance in Doppler tracking systems.     

Multipath Angle Error Reduction Using Multiple-Target Methods

The usual methods of reducing multipath angle errors in monopulse tracking radar achieve only limited success because they do not attack the root of the problem. A more correct approach is to accept the multipath signal as a second target and utilize a two-target signal processor which angle tracks both wavefronts. The processor will decouple the return signals so that relatively interference-free data on both waves are obtained. In this paper a signal processor for separating signal from (N - 1) multipath components is developed. The processor is then specialized to the case of only one multipath signal and evaluated by a computer simulation. Data show that large improvements are possible as compared to the usual monopulse tracking system. In particular, the usual large bias errors at low elevation angles are eliminated. Tracking precision compares favorably with the theoretically best possible for two-target tracking systems.     

Decoupled ultimate boundedness control of systems and largeaircraft maneuver

The robust trajectory control of a class of nonlinear systems which can be decoupled by state-variable feedback is considered. It is assumed that the system matrices are unknown but bounded. A nonlinear control law is derived so that the tracking error in the closed-loop system is uniformly bounded and tends to a certain small neighborhood of the origin. The error dynamics are asymptotically decoupled in an approximate sense. The controller includes a reference trajectory generator and uses the integral feedback of the tracking error. On the basis of this result, a flight control system is designed for the control of roll angle, angle of attack, and sideslip in rapid, nonlinear maneuvers of aircraft. Simulation results are presented to show that large, simultaneous lateral and longitudinal maneuvers can be performed in spite of the uncertainty in the stability derivatives     

飞机俯仰速率信号重构方法研究

研究了六自由度非线性方程描述的飞机在俯仰速率传感器故障情况下的信号重构方法。给出了两种重构方法，一种是通过建立等效的线性模型，设计线性状态观测器重构状态信号，另一种是使用非线性跟踪微分器方法．通过跟踪俯仰角的微分信号来计算俯仰速率信号。仿真结果表明，两种方法都具有一定的可行性。     

基于跟踪微分器的高超声速飞行器Backstepping控制

针对存在模型参数不确定和外部干扰的高超声速飞行器（HFV）跟踪控制问题,提出一种基于Backstepping方法的抗饱和非线性控制器。将飞行器纵向动力学模型分为速度子系统和航迹倾角子系统,然后针对每个子系统单独设计控制器。设计跟踪微分器获得信号的一阶导数,用以估计系统中的不确定干扰项和避免"微分项膨胀"问题。控制器设计过程考虑了控制量发生饱和的情况。基于Lyapunov理论证明了闭环系统信号的稳定性。与传统高超声速飞行器Backstepping方法相比,所设计的控制器采用待跟踪状态与理想控制指令之间的实际误差作为反馈量,放宽了对系统干扰项的限制,提高了控制器对控制增益变化的适应性,进而提高了闭环系统的跟踪控制性能。对比仿真结果验证了所设计方法的有效性。     

Modeling and analysis for the GPS pseudo-range observable

In this paper, a digital system for the Global Positioning System (GPS) pseudo-range observable is modeled and analyzed theoretically. The observable is measured in a GPS receiver by accurately tracking the pseudorandom noise (PRN) code phase of the input GPS signal using a digital energy detector and a digital delay lock loop (DDLL). The following issues are presented: (1) mathematical modeling of the digital PRN code acquisition and tracking system, (2) the closed-form expression derivation for the detection and false-alarm probabilities of the acquisition process and for the variance of code phase tracking error, and (3) the linear and nonlinear performance analysis of the DDLL for optimizing the receiver structures and parameters with tradeoff between the tracking errors due to receiver dynamics and due to input noise     

Multipath Fluctuation Effects in Track-While-Scan Radar

A theoretical model of diffuse multipath reflections from rough surfaces is applied to the prediction of multipath power distribu tions in radar coordinates: elevation angle, time delay, and Dop pler frequency. These distributions are used to predict radar tracking errors in elevation angle, for both monopulse and scan ning antenna systems, and typical results are presented. These show a small increase in tracking error for scanning systems, on radially approaching targets, caused by sensitivity of these trackers to amplitude scintillation of the composite direct-plus multipath signal. Effects of knife-edge diffraction and of vegetation ion are briefly considered.     

一类不确定非线性系统的鲁棒自适应设计

讨论了一类含有广义不确定性的非线性系统的自适应跟踪问题。通过引入一种新颖的鲁棒函数,有效地抑制了系统不确定性对系统的影响,并利用反演设计技术设计了控制器,避免了系统控制矩阵未知时控制器可能出现的奇异问题,证明了系统的状态跟踪误差和参数误差指数收敛于原点的一个邻域。     

Robust Control for Static Loading of Electro-hydraulic Load Simulator with Friction Compensation

Load simulator is a key test equipment for aircraft actuation systems in hardware-in-the-loop-simulation. Static loading is an essential function of the load simulator and widely used in the static/dynamic stiffness test of aircraft actuation systems. The tracking performance of the static loading is studied in this paper. Firstly, the nonlinear mathematical models of the hydraulic load simulator are derived, and the feedback linearization method is employed to construct a feed-forward controller to improve the force tracking performance. Considering the effect of the friction, a LuGre model based friction compensation is synthesized, in which the unmeasurable state is estimated by a dual state observer via a controlled learning mechanism to guarantee that the estimation is bounded. The modeling errors are attenuated by a well-designed robust controller with a control accuracy measured by a design parameter. Employing the dual state observer is to capture the different effects of the unmeasured state and hence can improve the friction compensation accuracy. The tracking performance is summarized by a derived theorem. Experimental results are also obtained to verify the high performance nature of the proposed control strategy.     

考虑执行机构饱和的迎角跟踪控制

设计提出了 1种针对高光谱图像分类任务的 3D-MSCNN模型。在 PCA降维的基础上,利用 3D空谱特征提取网络和 2D多尺度特征提取网络实现高光谱图像特征提取,充分发挥高光谱图像空谱信息价值,增强对不同尺度地表覆盖的表达能力。最后,利用 Softmax分类损失函数实现高光谱图像分类任务。实验结果表明,本文算法在 In. dian Pines和 Pavia University数据集上都取得了较好的分类效果。与 CD-CNN、3D-CNN、SS-Net和 HybirdSN等方法相比,本文算法能够有效提升总体精度、平均精度和 Kappa系数等客观评价指标。