模型与真实高氯酸铵/硝胺推进剂燃烧转爆轰的比较

详细地研究了硝胺炸药(RDX、HMX)对模型与真实高氯酸铵/硝胺推进剂DDT的影响。实验结果表明,硝胺炸药对上述两种推进剂的DDT具有不同的影响规律,作者分析了产生这种现象的原因。     

微爆索线型切割某战斗机舱盖的研究

 为了缩短弹射座椅穿盖时间,确保飞行员安全逃生, 提出了微爆索（MDC）爆炸切割技术在航空弹射救生系统中应用。首先对由黑索今(RDX)、奥克托金(HMX)、六硝基芪(HNSII)3种不同类型炸药,铅、铝两种包覆材料制作的半圆形微爆索线型切割平板航空有机玻璃（PMMA）元件进行了实验研究,观察了有机玻璃的层裂现象,确定了最佳的微爆索炸药类型、包覆材料和装药量。然后利用实验确定的微爆索方案,采用三维动态非线性显式有限元程序LS DYNA3D,对沿舱盖中央铺设的微爆索切割真实全尺寸飞机舱盖透明件进行了计算机模拟。在有限元分析中,选择ALE 算法模拟高能炸药起爆后表现出来的流体特性,定义自动面对面接触类型实现炸药与PMMA流固耦合作用,使用连续损伤动力学材料模型模拟有机玻璃在爆炸冲击波作用下的损伤行为,并伴随有层裂现象。数值模拟得到了一定的装药量对应的舱盖切割深度,与实验实测得到的结果吻合得较好。因此,平板有机玻璃元件实验可用来指导舱盖透明件实验。     

Voting fusion adaptation for landmine detection

This paper presents a voting fusion application for use with a remotely controlled multisensor vehicle platform for antitank landmine detection. Data from three landmine detection sensors mounted at the front of the vehicle enhance the probability of detection and, when combined via data fusion, limit the false alarm density to practical levels. The performance of the voting fusion scheme presented in this paper is contrasted with a heuristic data fusion approach developed by General Dynamics Canada.     

爆炸冲击波对反舰导弹发动机舱的毁伤效应

为研究爆炸冲击波对来袭反舰导弹发动机舱的毁伤效应,应用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件,对定量TNT和压装8701炸药爆炸产生的冲击波毁伤不同距离处的反舰导弹发动机舱进行了数值模拟。计算结果表明:爆炸冲击波对导弹发动机舱的毁伤以壳体凹陷为主要形式,对凹陷壳体周围区域几乎没有影响;爆炸冲击波对反舰导弹发动机舱的毁伤效应,随起爆点距离增加而迅速减小,且初期衰减速度明显大于后期。10 kg的装药量、炸点位于3 m处时,TNT和压装8701炸药对反舰导弹发动机舱基本无法造成毁伤。     

Wide-span systems of mine detection

We describe a new method of minefield reconnaissance with use of the broad size detector. The method allows terrain radio images to be obtained in the band of the mine detector sensors. The experimental installation was created with a set of radio ground probing sensors. To treat the radio images and to reduce the number of false alarms, spatial algorithms were proposed. A mine detector of this kind can be used in peacekeeping and humanitarian operations     

Explosive detection system based on thermal neutron activation

Nuclear-based techniques for the detection of bulk explosives are described. These techniques are shown to provide the only feasible approach for meeting the operational criteria of high throughput of screening luggage and cargo against concealed explosives in air transportation. The nuclear-based techniques are characterized by probing the screened object (e.g. luggage) with highly penetrating radiation, i.e. neutrons or energetic gamma rays. High-energy gamma rays produced by the probing radiation are characteristic to the elemental composition of the objects. The gamma rays are detected by an array of detectors placed near the object. The intensity, energy, and spatial distribution of the detected radiation and their relationship to the primary radiation allow a computer to determine the presence or absence of explosives. The nature of neutron interactions, the gamma detectors used, and the data analysis on which the decision is based are discussed     

弹性高超声速滑翔飞行器的状态/参数联合估计

弹性高超声速滑翔飞行器具有强非线性、强不确定性和刚体/弹性耦合的特点，对其状态和参数进行估计十分必要。为解决这一问题，提出了一种传感器布置策略和一种利用正交三角（QR）分解更新到达代价的滚动时域估计算法（MHE-QR）。首先，建立了考虑弹性的传感器观测模型并分析了传感器位置对可观性的影响，并在此基础上提出了一种反映系统可观性的性能指标。传感器布置策略以此性能指标为目标函数，将传感器布置问题转化为约束非线性优化问题并求解，即可得到最优传感器布置方案。然后提出了MHE-QR算法。在滚动时域估计的框架下，该算法利用前向动态规划原理将到达代价的计算转化为最小二乘问题，并给出了基于QR分解的到达代价更新算法。仿真结果表明该传感器布置策略和MHE-QR算法能够有效提高估计精度、收敛速度和计算速度。此外，MHE-QR算法具有实时应用的潜力。     

爆炸冲击载荷下典型机身结构动响应及破坏

确定满足适航要求的最小风险炸弹位置,必须研究爆炸冲击载荷下机身结构动响应及破坏模式。以某型飞机典型机身结构为研究对象,采用LS-DYNA商用软件,建立了爆炸冲击载荷下机身典型结构动响应数值模型。采用控制变量法分析了爆炸物当量、爆炸冲击距离以及爆炸冲击位置对典型机身结构动响应及破坏模式的影响,同时研究了损伤后典型机身结构的剩余强度。研究结果表明,造成机身结构有效破坏的爆炸物临界当量与爆炸冲击距离密切相关;爆炸冲击距离对典型机身结构损伤及剩余强度影响不明显;典型机身结构筋条位置对剩余强度影响较大。在此基础上,提出了表征剩余强度的无量纲系数,并建立了剩余强度无量纲系数与爆炸物当量及爆炸冲击距离之间的函数关系。     

Performance of an adaptive feature-based processor for a wideband ground penetrating radar system

A two-stage algorithm for landmine detection with a ground penetrating radar (GPR) system is described. First, 3-D data sets are processed using a computationally inexpensive pre-screening algorithm which flags potential locations of interest. These flagged locations are then passed to a feature-based processor which further discriminates target-like anomalies from naturally occurring clutter. Current field trial (over 6500 square meters) and blind test results (over 39000 square meters) are presented and these show at least an order of magnitude improvement over other radar system-based detection algorithms on the same test lanes.     

红外光学式二氧化碳分压传感器

介绍一种红外光学式二氧化碳分压传感器，该传感器基于朗伯－比尔定律，采用光源稳流，单片机温度偿及选用高性能红外探测器等技术，能够对二氧化碳气体进行有效准确地测量和分析，且结构简单，体积小，重量轻，功耗低，响应速度快，可靠性高，具有广阔的应用前景。     

AP/RDX共晶包覆微米铝粉的制备及表征

为了改善传统含高氯酸铵(AP)固体推进剂的热效应,采用溶剂蒸发法,参照零氧平衡的比例对高氯酸铵、黑索金(RDX)和微米级铝粉进行包覆处理,制备出微球形的AP/RDX/Al核壳型复合粒子,并对包覆后的AP/RDX/Al复合粒子进行TEM、FTIR、XRD和XPS表征分析,分析表明AP和RDX形成了AP/RDX共晶包覆层包覆在微米铝粉的表面。进一步对包覆后的复合粒子进行DSC测试分析,分析表明微米铝粉会使AP的放热更集中;经AP/RDX共晶包覆的微米铝粉颗粒热效应显著提高。     

Theory of partially adaptive radar

This work extends the recently introduced cross-spectral metric for subspace selection and dimensionality reduction to partially adaptive space-time sensor array processing. A general methodology is developed for the analysis of reduced-dimension detection tests with known and unknown covariance. It is demonstrated that the cross-spectral metric results in a low-dimensional detector which provides nearly optimal performance when the noise covariance is known. It is also shown that this metric allows the dimensionality of the detector to be reduced below the dimension of the noise subspace eigenstructure without significant loss. This attribute provides robustness in the subspace selection process to achieve reduced-dimensional target detection. Finally, it is demonstrated that the cross-spectral subspace reduced-dimension detector can outperform the full-dimension detector when the noise covariance is unknown, closely approximating the performance of the matched filter.     

A new distributed constant false alarm rate detector

A new constant false alarm rate (CFAR) test termed signal-plus-order statistic CFAR (S+OS) using distributed sensors is developed. The sensor modeling assumes that the returns of the test cells of different sensors are all independent and identically distributed In the S+OS scheme, each sensor transmits its test sample and a designated order statistic of its surrounding observations to the fusion center. At the fusion center, the sum of the samples of the test cells is compared with a constant multiplied by a function of the order statistics. For a two-sensor network, the functions considered are the minimum of the order statistics (mOS) and the maximum of the order statistics (MOS). For detecting a Rayleigh fluctuating target in Gaussian noise, closed-form expressions for the false alarm and detection probabilities are obtained. The numerical results indicate that the performance of the MOS detector is very close to that of a centralized OS-CFAR and it performs considerably better than the OS-CFAR detector with the AND or the OR fusion rule. Extension to an N-sensor network is also considered, and general equations for the false alarm probabilities under homogeneous and nonhomogeneous background noise are presented.     

基于正交试验的民用飞机抗爆结构参数敏感性分析

最小风险炸弹位置（LRBL）结构是放置飞机上可疑爆炸物的装置,探究结构尺寸和炸药位置对其抗爆性能的影响程度可为改进设计提供参考。基于正交试验设计与数值模拟相结合的方法,以LRBL 结构各危险部位的最大应变和变形为评价指标,分别运用极差分析法和方差分析法对LRBL 结构的罐体壁厚、底盖厚度、连接凸台厚度、剪切销直径和炸药位置5 个影响因素开展参数敏感性分析。结果表明：在200 g 炸药当量的工况下,各因素对LRBL 结构的抗爆性能的影响显著程度从大到小为：炸药位置、罐体壁厚、底盖厚度、凸台厚度和剪切销直径;结合评价指标综合分析得到各个因素最优水平下的LRBL 结构设计方案。     

Spatially distributed target detection in non-Gaussian clutter

Two detection schemes for the detection of a spatially distributed, Doppler-shifted target in non-Gaussian clutter are developed. The non-Gaussian clutter is modeled as a spherically invariant random vector (SIRV) distribution. For the first detector, called the non-scatterer density dependent generalized likelihood ratio test (NSDD-GLRT), the detector takes the form of a sum of logarithms of identical functions of data from each individual range cell. It is shown under the clutter only hypothesis, that the detection statistic has the chi-square distribution so that the detector threshold is easily calculated for a given probability of false alarm P_F. The detection probability P_D is shown to be only a function of the signal-to-clutter power ratio (S/C)_opt of the matched filter, the number of pulses N, the number of target range resolution cells J, the spikiness of the clutter determined by a parameter of an assumed underlying mixing distribution, and P_F. For representative examples, it is shown that as N, J, or the clutter spikiness increases, detection performance improves. A second detector is developed which incorporates a priori knowledge of the spatial scatterer density. This detector is called the scatterer density dependent GLRT (SDD-GLRT) and is shown for a representative case to improve significantly the detection performance of a sparsely distributed target relative to the performance of the NSDD-GLRT and to be robust for a moderate mismatch of the expected number of scatterers. For both the NSDD-GLRT and SDD-GLRT, the detectors have the constant false-alarm rate (CFAR) property that P_F is independent of the underlying mixing distribution of the clutter, the clutter covariance matrix, and the steering vector of the desired signal     

Covariance matrix estimation for adaptive CFAR detection incompound-Gaussian clutter

We address the estimation of the structure of the covariance matrix and its application to adaptive radar detection of coherent pulse trains in clutter-dominated disturbance modeled as a compound-Gaussian process. For estimation purposes we resort to range cells in spatial proximity with that under test and assume that these cells, free of signal components, can be clustered into groups of data with one and the same value of the texture. We prove that, plugging the proposed estimator of the structure of the covariance matrix into a previously derived detector, based upon the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT), leads to an adaptive detector which ensures the constant false alarm rate (CFAR) property with respect to the clutter covariance matrix as well as the statistics of the texture. Finally, we show that this adaptive receiver has an acceptable loss with respect to its nonadaptive counterpart in cases of relevant interest for radar applications     

先验失配条件下的知识辅助检测器稳健性分析

充分利用探测环境的先验信息是提高雷达探测能力的有效途径之一。先验信息必须在雷达检测算法设计阶段确定下来,因此先验信息与当前探测环境之间可能存在不一致性。以复合高斯杂波中的、利用纹理分量先验信息的知识辅助(KA)检测器作为研究对象,首先建立了该检测器检测性能与先验分布参数失配之间的量化关系,然后根据给定的杂波探测环境模型参数,分析了先验模型失配对检测性能的影响。分析结果表明:知识辅助检测器的稳健性与当前探测环境模型参数有关。进一步给出了先验模型失配的容许区间,当先验模型参数在这个区间内,知识辅助检测器性能优于不使用先验信息的检测器性能。     

Propagation velocity uncertainty on GPR SAR processing

To detect buried landmines, Planning Systems Incorporated (PSI) has developed a ground-penetrating synthetic aperture radar (GPSAR) system. Since the electromagnetic wave propagation velocity in the soil depends on many factors, velocity uncertainty is inevitable. However, we have observed that, unlike conventional airborne/spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems, the PSI GPSAR system is very robust against the velocity uncertainty under mild conditions. Theoretical analysis is provided to explain this observation. Although our discussion is based on the PSI GPSAR system, it applies to other GPR-based (ground-penetrating radar) landmine detection systems as well.     

面向雷达天线平台的容错纠错策略及其FPGA实现

 针对雷达天线平台可能出现的传感器故障,提出了一种容错纠错策略。如果雷达天线平台周围的3条驱动腿中的某一个传感器发生故障,则可根据空间闭链机构约束,由其他正常工作驱动腿的传感器和中间从动腿的冗余传感器的测量值计算出故障传感器的应测值。推导了对应的位移传感器故障的容错重构算法,研究了基于现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）的上述容错策略的硬件实现方法。通过引入坐标旋转数字计算（CORDIC）算法使得FPGA运算中只需进行基本的移位和加/减操作;设计了基于FPGA的循环高速流水线处理器结构,使得重构算法的在线计算速度大大提高。仿真模拟了突变型传感器故障,结果表明,所提容错纠错方案能有效地保证雷达天线平台运行的安全性和可靠性。     

On distributed detection with correlated sensors: two examples

The authors study the effect of correlated noise on the performance of a distributed detection system. They consider a suboptimal scheme by assuming that the local sensors have the same operating point, and that the distribution of the sensor observation is symmetric. This implies that the joint distribution of the sensor decisions, and therefore the fusion rule, are symmetric functions of the sensor decisions. The detection of a known signal in additive Gaussian noise and in Laplacian noise are considered. In both cases, system performance deteriorates when the correlation between the sensor noises is positive and increasing, whereas the performance improves considerably when the correlation is negative and increasing in magnitude