制约农村剩余劳动力转移的原因与对策

加快农村剩余劳动力向非农产业转移、向城镇转移是社会主义新农村建设的主要内容。文章在反思农村剩余劳动力大量存在的原因和弊端，阐述我国农村剩余劳动力现状及其对经济的双重影响的基础上，分析了目前制约我国农村剩余劳动力转移的因素。认为除了户籍制度障碍和加入WTO后受到冲击外，乡镇企业吸纳劳动力能力下降以及第三产业发展不充分也是制约当前农村劳动力转移的重要因素。并提出了逐步取消户籍制度，提高城镇化水平，为农村劳动力转移提供充分空间和载体，将农村劳动力转移纳入国家劳动就业规划以及拓展国际劳务市场等对策建议。     

农村剩余劳动力的渐进城市化路径

农村剩余劳动力转移是解决"三农"问题的治本之策,通过城市化解决农村剩余劳动力转移已是一种共识。在城市化模式选择上,刘易斯通过对"二元经济"的分析提供了一个直接城市化的模式,这一模式在实践中使许多发展中国家的城市不堪重负。在我国城市化过程中,发展中小城镇一度成为共识,但随着乡镇企业的转型,小城镇在转移农村剩余劳动力中的作用已呈现下降趋势。通过对城市化历史的回顾,运用"灰色区域"理论,探索适合我国农村剩余劳动力转移的渐进城市化路径。     

农村剩余劳动力迁移动因的实证分析

我国农村的剩余劳动力数量庞大,如何顺利转移是当前的一个重要课题。改革开放后,大批农村劳动力涌入城市,珠三角地区一度形成令人担忧的“民工潮”,但2005年开始又出现民工短缺现象,其原因引人深思。将农民作为市场经济的理性主体,利用第五次人口普查的数据,使用线性化的logit模型,对影响农村劳动力跨省迁移的概率和流向等因素进行实证分析。结果表明,迁出地的人均耕地、劳动者受教育状况、农业劳动生产率、城镇居民收入、以及两地距离等对农村劳动力的跨省迁移具有显著影响。     

农民增收需要转变思路

农民收入问题，既有制度方面的原因，也有产业结构方面的原因。因此，从深层次上解决农民收入问题，必须制度创新和产业突破并举。在制度上，要打破城乡分割体制，实现“两个转变”，即从以农业支持工业发展向以工业反哺农业转变，从农村支持城市向城市支持农村转变，提高对农业和农村的投资，为农业和农村经济发展创造条件。在产业结构上，必须扭转工业结构升级速度过快的趋势，扶持劳动密集型制造业的发展，创造更多的非农就业岗位，大幅度转移农业剩余劳动力，降低农村土地负荷，为实现农业和农村现代化创造条件，保证农民收入持续增长。     

山区农村劳动力流动对农村发展的负面影响与消解——以湘西花垣县团结镇为例

挣钱养家是山区农村劳动力流动的微观原因,山区劳动力流动导致山区劳动力结构恶化和耕地荒芜,削弱村民务农兴趣和山区农业发展的内生力,滋生农村留守孩问题。要合理组织山区农业剩余劳动力外流,加大对"三农"投入,最大限度减少山区劳动力外流之后的耕地荒芜,开展山区农民职业观教育,建立农村留守孩关怀体系,以此来消除因山区农村劳动力流动造成的诸多负面影响,使山区农村劳动力合理健康流动,保证山区农村社会得到正常发展。     

建筑企业竞争力培养的探讨

文章从企业的发展环境和自身特点对目前制约国内建筑企业发展的因素进行论述。并在对国内外建筑企业竞争力分析研究的基础上，提出了培养我国建筑企业竞争力的策略。     

制约理论(TOC)下的贡献毛益会计研究

制约理论（英文缩写：ＴＯＣ）是以服务于实现企业利润最大化为目的的一种生产经营管理新理念。ＴＯＣ认为：企业经营作为一个系统，总是存在着种种制约因素，而这些制约因素将直接制约着企业目标即企业财富增加的实现；持续不断地发现、改善和消除制约，就可不断增加企业利润；改善和消除制约的过程中，应当遵循“系统中部分最佳的总和不等于系统整体最佳”的原则；寻求实现企业目标的措施时，可将其核心问题归结为三个方面：即保证     

导弹导引头小型化技术的综合利用

导弹的导引头由若干个子系统构成。其中一些子系统其尺寸受到其物理特性的限制，不同能再缩小，缩小尺寸的另一个制约因素则是当前的技术水平，本文将探索导引头微型化的制约因素，用例子说明用今天的技术可以实现微型化的程序，并简要展望将未来的发展趋势。     

我国农村社区公共文化的缺失与重建

目前我国农村社区的公共文化建设不容乐观，公共文化在农村的“缺场”现象普遍，农民主体性意识缺乏，农村社区公共文化生活在整个农村生活中日渐式微。农村社区的公共文化建设，不仅仅是政府给予什么的问题，重要的是让农民自己动起来。只有充分发挥广大农民作为主体的积极性，让农民真正参与到社区公共文化建设的实践中来，改变农民的“原子化”状态，才能建设出适合各地农民不同需求的农村社区公共文化。     

改善价格管理政企联合促效益

PriceManagementImprovement1999年以来，尽管总局采取了控制运力，统一运价等一系列措施提高客座率，增加收益，但航空运输企业仍然不能摆脱严峻的生产形势，旅客运量甚至出现了负增长，与铁路、公路运输量节节攀升形成了鲜明的对比。究其原因是多方面、多层次的，既有国民经济发展趋缓、消费需求不足的宏观影响，也有航空公司运力过剩、管理不善的因素。但从民航有关部门的价格管理的角度，我们认为，目前航空运输产品的价格已不能适应目前航空消费市场，成为制约航空运输发展的“瓶颈”。一、航空运价与市场运行之间的矛盾1．航空运价…     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.