基于GaN数字电源的搭载载荷系统设计及在轨验证

随着航天技术的快速发展,航天器小型化和智能化的需求越来越高。基于GaN材料制造的开关器件具有通态电阻小、开关速度快、耐高压、耐高温等特点,使用GaN数字电源可以极大提高开关频率,降低开关电源对电感、变压器、电容的要求,使无源器件的平面化成为可能,很大程度上降低了空间产品的重量和体积。设计了一款基于GaN数字电源的搭载载荷系统和在轨验证系统,包括适用于空间环境的GaN数字电源作为载荷的核心部件、载荷系统的各接口单元和功能模块以及地面验证数据终端设备,通过电子负载模拟卫星各种工况,在轨采集GaN数字电源电压、电流、温度等工作数据并进行分析;实测符合预期验证结果,证明GaN数字电源模块适用于空间领域。     

核能在未来载人航天中的应用

核能作为一种长时可靠的能源系统,释放的巨大能量为航天器跨星系超远距飞行提供了可能。基于当前核科学与技术发展趋势并结合我国载人航天具体需求,从核电源与核推进2个方面梳理了空间核动力近60年来的发展历程与现状,包括近地轨道卫星、空间站、核热推进以及星表电源等方面的应用。空间反应堆电源具有能量密度高、机动性高、尺寸小及环境适应能力强等优点,管冷却空间堆与斯特林结合方式是核反应堆电源发展的热点;核热推进具有比冲高、推力大、长寿命、初始有效载荷小等优点,采用金属陶瓷燃料的固体堆芯是核热推进研究的热点。论述了核能在未来载人航天技术中的应用,可为空间核动力的发展提供参考。     

载人月面巡视器混合电源系统设计

针对载人月面巡视器电源负载能力受限问题,提出了基于太阳电池阵、蓄电池和超级电容器组成的混合电源技术。通过对现有的空间混合电源系统进行分析,确定了包含直流变换器的共太阳电池阵单母线结构的混合电源系统方案;建立了混合电源关键模块仿真模型,提出了功率分配控制策略,并对巡视器在大功率负载情况下的混合电源状态进行仿真,结果表明混合电源可按照功率分配控制策略调节蓄电池与超级电容器的充放电,达到了预期要求。     

超大功率电推进电源处理单元关键技术研究

针对深空探测等空间任务对超大功率(10kW~100kW范围)电推进系统的需求,通过对国内外超大功率电推进技术的调研,提出了一种50kW超大功率霍尔电推进系统电源处理单元（Power Processing Unit,PPU）设计方案,重点对核心的阳极电源关键技术进行研究,提出了四管Buck-Boost变换器和三相LLC谐振变换器级联的设计方案,为我国超大功率PPU的发展提供了技术参考。     

大型民用飞机电源系统的现状与发展

飞机电源系统经历了由低压直流、恒速恒频交流、变速恒频交流、变速变频交流和高压直流的发展过程，本文在分析了各种电源系统的特点以及飞机电源系统发展方向的基础上，分析了新型民用和军用飞机的特点。最后结合我国飞机电源系统的发展现状和研究水平，提出了一些看法。     

直升机主电源系统简介

直升机主电源系统的发展,直接影响着直升机战术性能的正常发挥,直升机的特点决定了主电源系统的发展。     

飞机电源系统故障诊断方法综述及发展趋势

飞机电源系统是机上一切用电设备的电能来源,其安全性与可靠性至关重要。在环保和高效发展需求的背景下,现代航空工业正在推进以电能为核心的多电/全电飞机技术的研究和应用。电驱动装置和电力电子器件的广泛使用导致飞机电源系统结构的复杂化,对飞机的可靠性、安全性、测试性和维修性提出了更高的要求,研究飞机电源系统的故障诊断技术具有重要意义。首先介绍了飞机电源系统的组成结构和各自功能,概述了飞机电源系统的发展历程,对比了国内外典型电源系统的特征,总结了飞机电源系统中的主要故障模式、故障特点和失效原因,并提出了一种飞机电源健康管理系统的设计架构,然后综述了国内外基于模型和基于数据的故障诊断方法研究进展,从准确度、数据需求量、适用性和实现难易程度等方面评述了各类诊断方法的特点,最后指出了飞机电源系统故障诊断技术面临的挑战和发展趋势。     

变频电源系统应用的研究

变频电源系统是未来飞机电源系统的发展方向之一。结合大型飞机工程实际，从供电质量、对发动机的影响、对配电系统的影响、对用电设备的影响以及风险评估等方面对变频电源系统应用进行了分析，认为国内使用变频系统作大型飞机主电源是完全可行的。     

航空机载电源标准的发展研究

国际标准化组织(ISO)重新对ISO1540:1984进行了修订,颁布了ISO1540:2006,以适应现代飞机电源系统的发展要求,保证飞机电源系统的安全、可靠运行.本文就ISO1540的新旧版本差异进行研究,为航空机载电源的设计和维修提供参考.     

综合化航电智能电源控制软件设计与实现

综合化航空电子系统已经成为高度复杂的实时系统,新一代航电系统的发展对电源模块的设计提出了新的要求：大电流供电、余度供电、故障隔离等。传统的电源模块已经不能适应这些需求,因此,需要设计具有电源控制及管理功能的智能电源及其控制软件。通过对一种智能控制电源软件设计及其控制策略的分析,详细描述了智能电源在新航电系统中的功能及应用,为智能电源在不同场合下的应用提供了探索。     

Impact Potential of New Power Electronic Technologies

New technological advances in the area of power electronics are having an increasing impact on the design of aerospace control systems. These next generation power components promise improved system performance through increased electronic efficiencies. Applying state-of-the-art packaging concepts as an integral part of the system design will allow these devices to be utilized in a space efficient and reliable manner. The first portion of this paper looks at two such next generation components. The first is a High Voltage Integrated Circuit (HVIC) that provides a bridge between the low voltage controller logic and the high voltage motor winding invertor. This device achieves size reduction and an increase in reliability through integration of low and high voltage logic networks on a single integrated circuit. The second is the Insulated Gate Transistor (IGT). This device provides a high voltage switch with MOS-like drive characteristics. The present and future expectations of these power devices are discussed. This paper then looks at new packaging techniques for power devices. The impact of parasitic circuit effects have significant impact on power circuit performance. Finally, this paper looks at an example control application. The design is that of a permanent magnet motor driven actuator. The drive motor uses 270 vdc for supply voltage. Within the intelligent system controller, is the capability to control the current demands of the motor. The new power electronics devices are making the design feasible in both thermal and volume efficiency. This topic includes projected controller sizing into the 1990s.     

Assessment of safety in space power wiring systems

Wiring system failures have resulted from arc propagation in the wiring harnesses of many aircraft and space vehicles. These failures occur when the insulation becomes conductive upon the initiation of an arc. In some cases, the conductive path of the carbon arc track displays a high enough resistance such that the current is limited, and therefore may be difficult to detect using conventional circuit protection. Often, such wiring failures are not simply the result of insulation failure but are due to a combination of wiring system factors. Inadequate circuit protection, unreliable system designs, and careless maintenance procedures can contribute to a wiring system failure. This paper approaches the problem with respect to the overall wiring system, in order to determine what steps can be taken to improve the reliability, maintainability, and safety of space power systems. Power system technologies, system designs, and maintenance procedures which have contributed to past wiring system failures are discussed. New technologies, design processes, and management techniques which may lead to improved wiring system safety are introduced     

Self-Adapting dc Converter for Solar Spacecraft Power Supply Selbstanpassender Gleichstromwandler für die Energieversorgung eines Sonnensatelliten

The voltage-current characteristic of solar cells that provide power for a spacecraft can vary over a wide range. For maximum power transfer from the solar cells to the battery system a power converter has to be designed that adjusts its input impedance to a value equal to the output impedance determined by the operating power characteristic of the solar cells. This paper discusses a circuit and calculations for a design to match this condition. The proposed power converter is simple, lightweight, and reliable and will be used in the Sunblazer satellite.     

校时电路的设计与应用

为了给外部系统提供持久有效的统一时间信息,设计了一种可长时间保存标准时间的校时电路。电路以DSP为核心控制器,完成实时时钟电路(RTC)时间的读取、校正,解析外部请求校时信息,并为外部系统校时,解析外部系统送入的时间信息,完成对RTC时间的重置,RTC时钟备用工作电源为蓄电池,容量为1AH。校时电路已成功应用于多型机载任务记录器存储校时组件,实践证明校时电路可持久可靠地为外部系统提供标准时间信息。     

空间模块化机械手系统容错控制系统研究

研究搭载在空间站或其他近地轨道航天器上的空间模块化机械手系统的容错控制系统.与地面应用环境相比较,空间特殊的应用环境存在许多不同,因而传统工业机械手系统的设计技术不能直接应用于空间机械手系统的设计.考虑到空间应用对系统质量、体积、功耗、研制费用和周期所提出的苛刻要求,主要采用COTS器件设计并实现该空间机械手系统的容错控制系统,介绍了系统的软硬件体系结构及其特点,最后给出系统的性能参数.在系统设计中采用许多已有的设计技巧与工程经验,具有高可靠性和工程实用性.     

变速恒频电源闭环控制系统设计

 本文讨论了变速恒频电源闭环控制电路的设计。闭环控制电路的目的除保证变速恒频电源达到所要求的动、静态性能指标外,对其中交交变频器输出中存在的直流、次谐波及其它谐波分量要有强的抑制能力,以减小主电路滤波器的体积重量。为此,文中提出了采用微分反馈并联校正、比例积分串联校正及电压调节的闭环控制系统方案,并进行了一系列实验研究和验证。     

光纤开关网络模块高速电路的设计与实现

讨论了FC（Fiber Channel）开关网络模块高速电路的设计与实现。开关网络模块的数据传输速率达到了1.0625 Gbps,其高速电路设计已成为系统能否可靠运行的关键因素之一。分析了传输线选择、特性阻抗控制以及信号完整性等问题,并阐述了布局、布线、电源地和叠层等设计方法。     

Microprocessor-Controlled Digital Shunt Regulator

A new approach to the design of power systems is presented in which a microprocessor is used as a controller for a digital shunt regulator (DSR). This approach meets the demands of future space and ground missions, i. e., high efficiency, high reliability, low weight, low volume, increased flexibility, and less development time. This approach responds to future demands by permitting realtime modification of system parameters for system optimization. This feature is especially important in the event of an anomaly. As the microprocessor need not be dedicated to the DSR, it can simultaneously be used for battery management and for charge regulator/discharge regulator control. This approach also reduces the component count, simplifies assembly and testing of the unit, results in significant time saving, and increases the reliability.     

小型电动无人机航程航时估算模型

小型电动无人机通常采用锂电池、无刷电机和螺旋桨组成能源动力系统,飞行过程中锂电池的实际工作电压发生变化,但飞机的总重量不变,其航程航时的估算方法与传统的燃油飞机有所不同。为了准确评估动力系统对飞机设计的影响,建立了以锂电池为动力的电动飞机推进系统模型,通过与实验数据比较,验证了各部分模型的准确性。利用该动力系统模型,对某款小型电动无人机进行了航程和航时估算,结果表明本文的建模方法准确有效,航程航时估算接近实验数据,可作为小型电动无人机设计的重要参考。     

Comprehensive sizing and optimization method for series-hybrid unmanned convertiplane

This paper presents a novel sizing and optimization approach for the emerging series-hybrid unmanned convertiplane, which can be used to translate the top-level design requirements into the design parameters corresponding to the optimal power supply strategy and minimum total takeoff weight. The method comprehensively considers the design constraints in the rotor, fixed-wing, and transition modes, and pays special attention to the characteristic response of Series Hybrid Electric System (S-HES) in complex application scenarios, especially the coupling of battery power, energy, and state-of-charge under high-power discharge conditions, the variation of fuel economy, and the adjustment of power supply strategy. With proposed method, it’s possible to rapidly explore the design space in the initial design stage and find out the optimal design results with high confidence. A case study was proposed to verify the approach. The results reveal the particularity of convertiplane in terms of power requirements, and prove the necessity to consider detailed S-HES characteristic responses during parameter determination. The optimal design parameters were obtained through the hybrid control parameter optimization, which verified the effectiveness of proposed method. Possible errors and corresponding correction methods were also presented.