加强机载交通和地形避撞告警功能提高自治飞行能力

从飞机的安全间隔保障和空中避撞告警，以及飞机的地形避撞和近地警告两个问题的现有手段和正在发展中的某些新概念、新技术出发，说明交通和地形信息资源的开发利用，有助于更好地增强机上信息环境，发挥交通和避撞的告警和显示功能，提高自治飞行（ＡｕｔｏｎｏｍｏｕｓＦｌｉｇｈｔ）能力；在未来空域环境中过渡到飞机避撞责任由驾驶员和管制员双方分担。重点介绍机载间隔保障系统（ＡＳＡＳ）概念，其所用的广播式自动相关监视（ＡＤＳ－Ｂ）和驾驶舱交通信息显示（ＣＤＴＩ）技术，此外也介绍预测型近地警告和利用地形数据库的仿前视地形复现技术。     

非线性PD控制在自动地形跟随系统中的应用

提出了一种非线性PD控制方法，并将其应用在自动地形跟随系统飞行控制律的设计中。对采用常规PI控制与非线性PD控制的飞行控制系统进行了鲁棒性仿真比较以及典型地形跟随误差仿真比较。结果表明，采用非线性PD控制方法设计的控制律具有良好的鲁棒性与跟随性能。     

Integration of information in synthetic vision displays: why, to what extent, and how?

Current experimental synthetic vision systems present a spatially integrated presentation of physical constraints such as terrain and obstacles. This paper presents a number of assumptions regarding anticipated procedures and the use of a synthetic vision system, and addresses the desirability of integrating temporary constraints related to the airspace, the airport, and standard procedures. Following this, a number of examples are presented that illustrate a potential approach to integrate such information into a synthetic vision display. The paper ends with an overview of the results from an experiment in which the influence of an integration of temporary constraint information on pilot decision-making was examined.     

导航/攻击系统研究

 <正> 本文介绍了用导航/攻击系统实现连续计算投放点(Continuously ComputedRelease Point缩写为CCRP)瞄准原理方案。 一、导航/攻击系统概述 导航系统可提供飞机地速、偏流、姿态和大气数据,通过导航计算可得飞机的当前位置、飞向目的地的应飞航向和待飞距离,以实施自动导航或人工操纵飞机到目的地。导     

现代飞机自动地形跟随系统控制律的研究

自动地形跟随系统是现代飞机低空突防系统的一个重要组成部分,在利用地形遮蔽以提高飞机生存能力的军事领域具有重要的意义.本文以飞机纵向地形跟随控制系统为研究对象,应用适应角法设计了飞机纵向地形跟随控制律,并建立了相应的结构图和仿真验证模型.结果表明,设计的控制系统得到了良好的地形跟随效果.     

Flight management system of the F-117A

The F-117A night attack aircraft flight management system (FMS) is described. The need for and purpose of the system are described, and the design goals are identified. The various modes and their important features are presented. The pitch and speed control laws are shown     

Terrain database integrity monitoring for synthetic vision systems

A real-time terrain database integrity monitor for synthetic vision systems (SVS) that are to be used in civil aviation is presented. SVS provides pilots with advanced display technology including terrain information as well as other information about the external environment such as obstacles and traffic. The use of SVS to support strategic and tactical decision-making and the compelling nature of the terrain depiction may require terrain database server certification at the essential and flight-critical levels. SVS and terrain database characteristics are discussed and a failure model is identified. Real-time integrity monitors are proposed that check the consistency between terrain profiles described by the database and terrain profiles that are sensed in flight by either a downward-looking (DWL) sensor or a forward-looking (FWL) season A DWL sensor scheme is discussed in detail and it is shown that this scheme can provide the necessary integrity required for an essential certification of a terrain database server.     

Systematic methods for knowledge acquisition and expert systemdevelopment [for combat aircraft]

Nine cooperating rule-based systems, collectively called AUTOCREW which were designed to automate functions and decisions associated with a combat aircraft's subsystems, are discussed. The organization of tasks within each system is described; performance metrics were developed to evaluate the workload of each rule base and to assess the cooperation between the rule bases. Simulation and comparative workload results for two mission scenarios are given. The scenarios are inbound surface-to-air-missile attack on the aircraft and pilot incapacitation. The methodology used to develop the AUTOCREW knowledge bases is summarized. Issues involved in designing the navigation sensor selection expert in AUTOCREW's NAVIGATOR knowledge base are discussed in detail. The performance of seven navigation systems aiding a medium-accuracy inertial navigation system (INS) was investigated using Kalman filter covariance analyses. A navigation sensor management (NSM) expert system was formulated from covariance simulation data using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method and the ID3 algorithm     

综合火/飞/推控制系统试飞技术模拟研究

火/飞/推综合控制是适应未来作战飞机的需求而发展起来的新技术。为了研究适应这种新技术的试飞和数据处理方法,开发了火/飞/推综合控制模拟试验系统和战效评估软件系统。通过模拟飞行试验,评估了该系统的作战效能,结果表明,火/飞/推综合控制自动攻击优于人工操纵攻击。     

保持飞行迎角恒定的飞行/推力综合控制

迎角恒定的飞行 /推力综合控制能明显地改善飞机机动能力 ,使飞行轨迹对姿态有快速精确响应。论述了具有迎角恒定动力补偿系统的工作原理 ,研究其控制规律及设计方法 ,并与速度恒定的动力补偿系统进行比较。以舰载飞机自动进近着舰系统的动力补偿为例 ,给出了仿真验证的结果。     

综合化火力控制仿真系统

讨论了综合化火力控制系统的软硬件开发,系统结构和信息流情况。包括:(1)提出~种静态真值计算迭加传感器噪声的方法来模拟ADC、INS、RAD和BU几个子系统并在合理假设的基础上导出了相应的计算公式;(2)对MC子系统中的各种攻击模式进行了介绍;(3)提出以Fuzzy控制器代替飞行员构成人-机-火控系统大闭环来仿真空战飞机的飞行信息,这样可以简化方案降低成本;(4)提出~种HUD中符号产生器的设计方案;(5)扼要介绍了MIL-STD-1553B总线的开发工作。     

Terrain modeling for microwave landing system

A powerful analytical approach for evaluating the terrain effects on a microwave landing system (MLS) is presented. The approach combines a multiplate model with a powerful and exhaustive ray tracing technique and an accurate formulation for estimating the electromagnetic fields due to the antenna array in the presence of terrain. Both uniform theory of diffraction (UTD) and impedance UTD techniques have been employed to evaluate these fields. Innovative techniques are introduced at each stage to make the model versatile to handle most general terrain contours and also to reduce the computational requirement to a minimum. The model is applied to several terrain geometries, and the results are discussed     

基于Hdot指令的舰载机两种动力补偿控制系统研究

舰载机着舰时采用动力补偿系统可在很大程度上减轻飞行员的操纵负担,提高动态响应速度和控制精度。针对舰载机的两种动力补偿控制系统开展研究,基于 Hdot 指令对迎角保持和速度保持两种进场动力补偿系统分别进行设计和仿真,分析两种补偿系统在风干扰情况下的动力补偿响应情况,并对比仿真结果分析其基本原理。结果表明：迎角保持动力补偿...     

面向空管模拟机培训的智能应答机长研究

针对当前日益增长的空中交通管制员(以下简称“管制员”)培训需求以及传统管制员培训模拟机面临的效率低等问题,设计了 1个面向空管模拟机培训的智能应答机长系统。该系统利用语音识别、指令提取、指令复诵、语音合成等技术,能够实现对管制模拟培训过程中管制员语音的智能识别和理解,并模拟飞行员自动输出复诵指令的功能。通过对真实空管对话语音模式的研究和分析,制定了 1套详细的复诵规则,以适应不同场景下的管制指令复诵模式。此外,集成了特情处理模块以支持管制员特情处理培训。在真实管制培训环境下进行实验验证,结果表明,所提出的智能应答机长系统综合复诵准确率为 88.6%,可以有效提升管制员培训质量和效率,显著降低了人力成本。并且,该系统可以作为子系统集成到现有的管制员培训模拟机系统中,具有较强的便捷性和兼容性。     

尾旋自动防止系统非线性解耦控制律综合方法

将非线性解耦控制理论应用于飞机尾旋自动防止系统中,给出一种考虑尾旋动态特性的解耦控制律综合方法。根据某架现代战斗机的数学模型,用这种方法设计了用升降舵、副翼、方向舵对迎角、侧滑角和滚转角速度解耦的尾旋自动防止控制律。相应的闭环系统数字仿真取得了满意的效果     

Use of MOBITEX wireless wide area networks as a solution toland-based positioning and navigation

The emergence of land-based positioning and navigation systems is the direct result of advancements in technologies relating to geographic information, wireless data communication, and navigation. The increasing demand for these systems has stimulated their rapid development. This paper identifies the wide variety of land-based positioning and navigation systems and classifies them into five groups. The basic system elements that are required in all land-based positioning and navigation systems are also discussed. A proposed system infrastructure that supports the five types of land-based positioning and navigation systems is described. The specific technologies integrated in this proposed infrastructure include the Global Positioning System (GPS), differential GPS, and the MOBITEX wireless wide area packet data networks. Real-time wireless mobile data communication is a key component of any land-based positioning and navigation system. Finally, the evaluation criteria necessary for field testing a pilot land-based positioning and navigation system are presented. This pilot system is used to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed system design     

空管模拟机的IBM ViaVoice技术实现研究

阐述了空管模拟机自动机长席位的实现方法。通过对语音识别技术的研究,在引进IBMViaVoice语音识别系统的基础上,根据空管模拟机的功能需求,通过对其主控软件的改进,使语音识别技术与管制训练控制系统有机结合,实现了自动机长席位对非特定管制学员、连续管制指令语言的识别和仿真模拟雷达显示控制。     

基于自适应神经网络的非线性飞行控制

结合反馈线性化和神经网络提出了一种新的飞行控制系统设计方法,通过反馈线性化将非线性耦合系统等效转换为线性解耦系统,利用具有在线学习能力的神经网络补偿反馈线性化的误差,建立了基于自适应神经网络的控制结构,并利用李亚普诺夫函数导出了网络权值的自适应调整规则。在巡航弹地形跟踪应用中的结果表明,该控制系统不仅具有精确的跟踪性能而且具有良好的鲁棒性。     

俯仰姿态保持模式下飞机结冰边界保护方法

在研究飞机结冰机翼和平尾失速机理的基础上,以飞机迎角作为关键参数,飞机俯仰指令作为指令参数,提出一种基于飞机自驾仪的结冰后边界保护方法.通过引入铰链力矩检测模块,提前告警飞机失速,为边界保护提供了裕度.建立飞机纵向动力学方程,针对俯仰姿态保持（PAH）模式下机翼失速进行了仿真计算.结果表明:结冰条件下,通过铰链力矩的检测,飞机能在失速迎角为2°之前,进入边界保护模式,增加飞行安全的裕度.通过控制指令的限制,自动驾驶模式下飞机迎角能保持在失速迎角之内.      

Pilot error in automated systems shown by altitude deviationreports

Over 8,000 altitude deviations are reported to NASA's Aviation Safety Reporting System each year. This is almost one an hour. The narratives of pilot incidents relate how errors made in the automation-assisted altitude change task are caused by the difficulty pilots are having interacting with automatic systems. This paper discusses the impact of increased automation in glass-cockpit airliners on the altitude deviations reported by pilots. By observing the way information is processed by the cockpit system, the author suggests that the philosophies of design and training need to change in order to facilitate, not debilitate, the aircrew